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Discusses the value of social network analysis for teasing out the network processes in social movements, particularly (1) how collective action is affected by actors' embeddedness in preexisting networks, & (2) how actors create new linkages that shape the subsequent development of protest &/or subcultural activities. Issues of data collection & organization are examined in detail, & ways of analyzing social movement structure & individual positions in social movement networks are demonstrated. A combination of qualitative & quantitative methods is deemed the most useful in network analysis. 5 Tables, 3 Figures, 74 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

Population ageing is one of the key processes affecting the development of European Union countries. The aim of this paper is an indication of the possibility of collective action against this challenge at the regional level. Article describe assumptions and recommendations for strategic management which taking into account the cooperation of entities from public sector (local governments), market sector (business) and social sector (NGOs). Closer analyses will be conducted on two examples of initiatives from European Union: the Regions for All Ages programme and network organization SEN@ER - Silver Economy Network of European Regions. The summary will indicate possible directions of further research.

In discussing policy network approaches & the limited use of power, this chapter examines two forms of network analysis: "change within policy networks" & "networks as a result of change." It then expands on the concept of power. Of particular interest is the idea that an analysis that focuses only on the policy network fails to completely explain policy making & governance changes when the nation-state model is experiencing intense change. Therefore, a three-step theory of power, motivated by numerous scholarly works, is employed. It is hoped that an emphasis on agency & structure will result in the emergence of a more advanced conceptualization of the power of policy making & governance. In addition, a policy network approach will encourage the "change of focus" necessary to secure an adequate explanation for the changes that affect society in general. 1 Figure. K. A. Larsen

Incidents observed during Oct 1992 fieldwork in rural southern Transylvania are used to contrast Eastern & Western perceptions of postcommunist agricultural privatization in Eastern Europe. The incidents, which brought together representatives from 44 households of a Romanian community to divide & distribute previously collectivized land, show the different approaches to privatization taken by 2 agricultural associations. They confront Western perceptions of privatization as the worthy goal of a process whose problems are not significant. It is argued that Eastern Europeans experience privatization as a process rather than a goal, & live its problems as real costs. Land distribution events such as the ones observed suggest that privatization can increase democratic participation, but also point to intense land competition & suspicion within communities. It is concluded that the process of privatization needs to be considered as much as the goal, if the goal is to be reached. 2 Tables, 14 References. E. Blackwell

This chapter analyzes the networks of education politics in the four main selected countries [Germany, Switzerland, England and New Zealand]. It indicates that despite apparent changes in education policy the modes of political interaction, that is, actors and processes, have remained considerably stable in all countries. Obviously, the internationalization of education politics has not triggered the displacement of domestic actors, but has resulted in the attachment of international actors to the domestic sphere. (DIPF/Orig.).

Examines the functions of social networks in the process of individual participation in social movements with focus on the question of network intervention in this process. Social networks intervene in the socialization & construction of identities by providing an opportunity to participate & connecting potential participants to an organization; & by influencing one's intensity of involvement. Case studies of the Bern Declaration & the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) illuminate two characteristics of movement organizations -- their action repertoire & public visibility -- that present variation into participation processes. The social network dynamics of the Bern Declaration & WWF are compared for their socialization, structural connection, & decision-shaping functions. 2 Tables, 2 Figures, 2 Appendixes. L. Collins Leigh

Examines the functions of social networks in the process of individual participation in social movements with focus on the question of network intervention in this process. Social networks intervene in the socialization & construction of identities by providing an opportunity to participate & connecting potential participants to an organization; & by influencing one's intensity of involvement. Case studies of the Bern Declaration & the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) illuminate two characteristics of movement organizations -- their action repertoire & public visibility -- that present variation into participation processes. The social network dynamics of the Bern Declaration & WWF are compared for their socialization, structural connection, & decision-shaping functions. 2 Tables, 2 Figures, 2 Appendixes. L. Collins Leigh

"Telecommunications are moving from the traditional monopoly, by way of a 'network of networks', to a 'system of systems' in which users are served by systems integrators that access each other. This environment will not be the 'end of history' as far as regulation is concerned, and government is not likely to disappear from this area. It would be naive to expect less regulatory tasks. Liberalization does not mean libertarianism." (author's abstract)