Suchergebnisse

Resumen: La industria del biodiesel comenzó a crecer rápidamente desde 2007 como una alternativa para exportar el creciente volumen de soja producida en el país. Inicialmente, en respuesta a políticas claramente inclinadas hacia las ventas al exterior, la mayor parte de la producción se exportaba. Pero esos incentivos a las exportaciones pusieron en riesgo la inversión cuando la UE impuso medidas antidumping. Desde entonces, las políticas se han inclinado hacia las ventas al mercado interno, a costa de precios de biodiesel controlados por el gobierno, generando rentas, que son analizadas en este trabajo ; Abstract: The biodiesel industrystarted growing fast since 2007 as an alternative to exporting the growing volume of soybeans produced in the country. Initially, responding to policies clearly tilted towards foreign sales, most of the output was exported. Such export incentives put investment at risk when the EU imposed antidumping measures.Since then and until recently, policies have been tilted towards sales in the domestic market but at the cost of government controlled biodiesel prices that imply rents, which are analyzed in this paper

The objective of study is to examine the impact of university-industry collaboration on capacity for innovation. This study relied on country level data collected through annual Global Competitiveness Reports published by World Economic Forum. Dissimilar to earlier studies, we use cross-country panel dataset of 112 countries (developed and developing countries) across different region (Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, North America, and South America) with time frame from 2006 to 2015. We measure innovation as country¿s capacity for innovation and university-industry relationship as university-industry collaboration in R&D. After using diverse range of control variables (company R&D spending, extent of staff training, education enrollment rate, gross domestic product, FDI and technology transfer, and government procurement of advanced technology), OLS regression estimates suggest that university-industry collaboration in R&D has positive and statistically significant impact on country¿s capacity for innovation. Moreover, countries with strong university-industry relationship have higher impact on capacity to innovate as compare to countries with weak university-industry relationship. Interestingly, we also find that the impact university-industry relationship on capacity for innovation is higher in developing countries as compare to developed countries. All above estimated results are further robust check by using diverse proxies of university-industry collaboration, and find consistent results. ; Artículo revisado por pares

This article delves into the development of the guano industry in its most important location in Puerto Rico, Mona Island. The initial years of guano production were erratic; but the Spanish and Puerto Rican governments saw potential and continued to try to develop this possibly lucrative export. Initial attempts to export guano to the United States proved successful, but the industry lacked the expertise to greatly expand production. To solve this dilemma came a Canadian geologist and expert in guano extraction John G. Miller and his assistant Carlos Miguel Iglesias Mons. They were not only able to expand guano production, but also to use their expertise to prepare exports for different markets including those in Great Britain. Miller and Iglesias would lay the foundations for guano exports that would eventually flourish into Puerto Rico's third most important export a decade later. ; El artículo inquiere sobre el desarrollo de la industria del guano en su más importante sitio en Puerto Rico: la isla de Mona. Los primeros años de la producción de guano fueron erráticos. Pero las autoridades españolas y medios puertorriqueños percibieron el potencial y siguieron tratando de desarrollar esta exportación prometedora en términos lucrativos. Los primeros intentos de exportar guano a los Estados Unidos fueron exitosos, pero la industria carecía de la experiencia necesaria para expandir suficientemente la producción. Vino entonces un geólogo canadiense experto en guano de nombre John G. Miller, con su asistente Carlos Miguel Iglesias Mons. No solo fueron capaces de expandir la producción, sino también de usar su pericia en cuestión de exportaciones a diferentes mercados, incluyendo los británicos. Miller e Iglesias llegarían a sentar las bases para la exportación de guano que habría de florecer en Puerto Rico hasta convertirse una década después en el tercer artículo de exportación más importante.

This article discusses the impact of the 1990s globalization process on the fashion industry in Brazil. This segmentwas subject to corporate restructuring following the internationalization of the economy in the 1990s by adopting anew model of industrial production and social circulation of consumer clothing articles called fast fashion. Thewidespread adoption of this new model raises specific issues - regarding the relation of artistic creativity andreproduction, on the democratization of design clothing, on the close association of fashion and the expression ofidentities - that place it at the crossroads between economy and culture. We argue that the transformations thataffect the Brazilian textile industry in this period can only be adequately explained by the recognition of fastfashion as an economic-cultural phenomenon. ; O presente artigo discute o impacto do processo de globalização nos anos de 1990 na indústria da moda no Brasil.O setor se reorganizou após a internacionalização da economia em torno de uma nova concepção coordenada deprodução industrial, consumo e circulação social da moda denominado fast-fashion. A ampla adoção do novomodelo levanta questões especificas - criação, reprodução, democratização, identidades - que o situam noentrecruzamento entre a economia e a cultura. A hipótese que orientou a presente investigação é que astransformações que atingem a indústria têxtil brasileira a partir desse período só podem ser adequadamenteexplicadas pelo reconhecimento da moda rápida enquanto um fenômeno econômico-cultural.

This article discusses the impact of the 1990s globalization process on the fashion industry in Brazil. This segmentwas subject to corporate restructuring following the internationalization of the economy in the 1990s by adopting anew model of industrial production and social circulation of consumer clothing articles called fast fashion. Thewidespread adoption of this new model raises specific issues - regarding the relation of artistic creativity andreproduction, on the democratization of design clothing, on the close association of fashion and the expression ofidentities - that place it at the crossroads between economy and culture. We argue that the transformations thataffect the Brazilian textile industry in this period can only be adequately explained by the recognition of fastfashion as an economic-cultural phenomenon. ; O presente artigo discute o impacto do processo de globalização nos anos de 1990 na indústria da moda no Brasil.O setor se reorganizou após a internacionalização da economia em torno de uma nova concepção coordenada deprodução industrial, consumo e circulação social da moda denominado fast-fashion. A ampla adoção do novomodelo levanta questões especificas - criação, reprodução, democratização, identidades - que o situam noentrecruzamento entre a economia e a cultura. A hipótese que orientou a presente investigação é que astransformações que atingem a indústria têxtil brasileira a partir desse período só podem ser adequadamenteexplicadas pelo reconhecimento da moda rápida enquanto um fenômeno econômico-cultural.

Objective. To analyze how the tobacco industry influenced tobacco control policymaking in Costa Rica. Materials and Methods. Review of tobacco industry documents, tobacco control legislation, newspaper articles, and interviewing of key informants. Results. During the mid-to-late 1980s, Health Ministry issued several advanced (for their time) smoking restriction decrees causing British American Tobacco (BAT) and Philip Morris International (PMI) to strengthen their political presence there, resulting in passage of a weak 1995 law, which, as of August 2011, remained in effect. Since 1995 the industry has used Costa Rica as a pilot site for Latin American programs and has dominated policymaking by influencing the Health Ministry, including direct private negotiations with the tobacco industry which violate Article 5.3's implementing guidelines of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Conclusions. The Costa Rica experience demonstrates the importance of vigorous implementation of FCTC Article 5.3 which insulates public health policymaking from industry interference. ; Objetivo. Analizar cómo la industria tabacalera influyó en la formulación de las políticas de control del tabaco en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Revisión de documentos de la industria tabacalera, de la legislación costarricense de control del tabaco y de periódicos y entrevistas con informantes clave. Resultados. Durante los años ochenta, el Ministerio de Salud aprobó varios decretos para restringir el consumo de tabaco, lo que causó que British American Tobacco y Philip Morris International fortalecieran su presencia política, cuyo resultado fue la promulgación de una ley débil en 1995 todavía vigente. Desde 1995 la industria tabacalera ha utilizado a Costa Rica como piloto para los programas latinoamericanos y ha dominado la formulación de políticas influenciando al Ministerio de Salud, incluyendo negociaciones privadas con la industria tabacalera en violación de las directrices del Artículo 5.3 del ...

The emergence of big data, as well as advancements in data science approaches and technology, is providing pharmaceutical companies with an opportunity to gain novel insights that can enhance and accelerate drug development. It will increasingly help government, health agencies, players, and providers to make decisions about such issues as drug discovery, patient access, and marketing. In this paper we use scenario planning tools and system dynamic to evaluate the impact of emergent technology such as big data &cloud &in healthcare industry. In this case we have four scenarios of big data and emergent tech transformation in Iran health care industry.