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This article gives the overview of the implementation of strategic planning system in Lithuania and identifies the problems that were posed while implementing the mentioned system. The reforms were practically implemented in 2000 when the Strategic Planning Manual was adopted by the Government of Lithuania. The Manual provides instructions for the preparation of strategic plans. In 2000 for the first time ministries' and Government agencies' strategic plans were prepared following the budget formation cycle for the year 2001. Following the Manual the ministries and Government agencies pointed out expected results they wanted to achieve. In this way the activity transformed from process oriented into result oriented. Monitoring and reporting is a fundamental part of a good planning process and in 2002 for the first time ministries and Government agencies have reported on the results achieved against their planning targets. This article also includes analysis of experience as well as suggestions for future improvement. Progress is required at two levels: first, the political level (the Prime Minister and Ministers) needs to be more actively involved in the deliberations on priority setting. Second, the administrative level needs to improve decision–making process. ; Straipsnio tikslas – supažindinti skaitytojus su strateginio planavimo diegimo Lietuvoje patirtimi, apibrėžti iškilusias problemas bei suformuluoti galimas tobulinimo kryptis. Praktinio – apžvalginio pobūdžio straipsnyje pateikiamos strateginio planavimo diegimo Lietuvoje ištakos, Vyriausybės aprobuotos Strateginio planavimo metodikos pagrindiniai principai bei jos taikymas viešojo administravimo institucijose. Esminių pokyčių įvyko 2000 metais, kai ministerijų ir Vyriausybės įstaigų strateginių veiklos planų rengimas buvo integruotas į 2001 metų valstybės biudžeto rengimo ciklą. Vadovaudamosi patvirtinta Strateginio planavimo metodika, institucijos pirmą kartą nurodė, kokiems konkretiems tikslams bus panaudoti valstybės biudžeto asignavimai ir kokių konkrečių rezultatų tikisi pasiekti. Taigi strateginis planavimas reikalauja institucijų veiklą orientuoti į rezultatą, o ne į procesą. 2002 metais ministerijos ir Vyriausybės įstaigos pirmą kartą atsiskaitė už strateginiuose planuose numatytų tikslų įgyvendinimą. Autoriai, remdamiesi dvejų metų strateginio planavimo patirtimi, straipsnyje pateikia pasiūlymų, kaip toliau tobulinti procesą. Akcentuojama būtinybė formuojant viešąją politiką tobulinti prioritetų nustatymą, o ją įgyvendinant – tobulinti visą sprendimų priėmimo procesą.

Relevance and the problem of the topic. For some time the formation of cities image are included to the government strategy plans. The competing cities try to use all their resources in order to become more attractive and well-known. This study investigates the case of Kaunas district. Promising district located near one of the biggest cities in Lithuania is highly assessed by investors. This case study aims to find out why successfully developing district does not use its full cultural potential and has no clear image strategy. The object of the Master work - are activities of cultural institutions which contributes in forming cultural image. The aim of the investigation - to explore cultural institutions impact on the formation of Kaunas district image. The work was based on analysis of scientific literature, empirical researches. Theory part analyses the local image conception and provides overview of the cultural institutions impact on the local image. The third chapter is devoted to analysis of Kaunas district case. Results of the investigation - Kaunas district does not have a clear cultural image strategy, although geographical position of the location determines a large amount of investments and population growth, and the district is assessed as the most successful growing municipality. There is a lack of attention for Kaunas district cultural image, information about cultural and artistic activities is available only for a narrow flow of people. There is a lack of innovative approach by the heads of government and cultural institutions.

Relevance and the problem of the topic. For some time the formation of cities image are included to the government strategy plans. The competing cities try to use all their resources in order to become more attractive and well-known. This study investigates the case of Kaunas district. Promising district located near one of the biggest cities in Lithuania is highly assessed by investors. This case study aims to find out why successfully developing district does not use its full cultural potential and has no clear image strategy. The object of the Master work - are activities of cultural institutions which contributes in forming cultural image. The aim of the investigation - to explore cultural institutions impact on the formation of Kaunas district image. The work was based on analysis of scientific literature, empirical researches. Theory part analyses the local image conception and provides overview of the cultural institutions impact on the local image. The third chapter is devoted to analysis of Kaunas district case. Results of the investigation - Kaunas district does not have a clear cultural image strategy, although geographical position of the location determines a large amount of investments and population growth, and the district is assessed as the most successful growing municipality. There is a lack of attention for Kaunas district cultural image, information about cultural and artistic activities is available only for a narrow flow of people. There is a lack of innovative approach by the heads of government and cultural institutions.

Relevance and the problem of the topic. For some time the formation of cities image are included to the government strategy plans. The competing cities try to use all their resources in order to become more attractive and well-known. This study investigates the case of Kaunas district. Promising district located near one of the biggest cities in Lithuania is highly assessed by investors. This case study aims to find out why successfully developing district does not use its full cultural potential and has no clear image strategy. The object of the Master work - are activities of cultural institutions which contributes in forming cultural image. The aim of the investigation - to explore cultural institutions impact on the formation of Kaunas district image. The work was based on analysis of scientific literature, empirical researches. Theory part analyses the local image conception and provides overview of the cultural institutions impact on the local image. The third chapter is devoted to analysis of Kaunas district case. Results of the investigation - Kaunas district does not have a clear cultural image strategy, although geographical position of the location determines a large amount of investments and population growth, and the district is assessed as the most successful growing municipality. There is a lack of attention for Kaunas district cultural image, information about cultural and artistic activities is available only for a narrow flow of people. There is a lack of innovative approach by the heads of government and cultural institutions.

This article provides the first review of the situation of musical training at several Jewish educational institutions in Vilnius in the 19th century. The review is based on archival material stored at the Lithuanian State Historical Archives and the publications of the 2nd half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, dedicated to the situation of education in Vilnius. The ideology and cultural policy of Czarist Russia were clearly reflected in Jewish educational institutions – in state institutions students were taught the works of Russian composers and Russian folk songs that were found suitable by the tsarist government; the private ones were allowed to be established on condition that studies were conducted in Russian. For example, even the psalms in the Great Synagogue of Vilnius were sung in Russian by students of Vilnius' Rabbinical School. Based on surviving data, the article provides a fragmentary review of the specifics of musical education in several Jewish institutions (Rabbinical School and Jewish Teachers' Training Institute in Vilnius), study programs, personalities. One can conclude that music teaching was considered to be important in these institutions, because the professional musicians (Vasily Markovitch Natanson, Zdeněk Fibich, Vasily (Wolf ) Ebann) were invited to teach; an orchestra of students was operating in the Jewish Teachers' Training Institute

This article provides the first review of the situation of musical training at several Jewish educational institutions in Vilnius in the 19th century. The review is based on archival material stored at the Lithuanian State Historical Archives and the publications of the 2nd half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, dedicated to the situation of education in Vilnius. The ideology and cultural policy of Czarist Russia were clearly reflected in Jewish educational institutions – in state institutions students were taught the works of Russian composers and Russian folk songs that were found suitable by the tsarist government; the private ones were allowed to be established on condition that studies were conducted in Russian. For example, even the psalms in the Great Synagogue of Vilnius were sung in Russian by students of Vilnius' Rabbinical School. Based on surviving data, the article provides a fragmentary review of the specifics of musical education in several Jewish institutions (Rabbinical School and Jewish Teachers' Training Institute in Vilnius), study programs, personalities. One can conclude that music teaching was considered to be important in these institutions, because the professional musicians (Vasily Markovitch Natanson, Zdeněk Fibich, Vasily (Wolf ) Ebann) were invited to teach; an orchestra of students was operating in the Jewish Teachers' Training Institute

After a restoration of the Independence on March 11, 1990, the Provisional General Law (the Provisional Constitution of Republic of Lithuania) has been passed. Although state authorities were organized according to the principles of power distribution used in democratic states, however, an insufficient attention was paid to this issue. The law provided the principles of the legal status of the only executive institution – the Government, but did not pay a considerable attention to the system of executive institutions. Only the logical analysis of the Law on Government passed on March 22, 1990 allows to suppose that it consisted of the Government, ministries and inspections. The National Referendum dated October 25, 1992, had approved the Constitution of Republic of Lithuania that consolidated the structure of the system of executive institutions: the President and the Government of Republic of Lithuania, ministries and governmental institutions, county administrations. Because of an adoption of the new Law on Government, the central level of the system of executive institutions shall be reorganized. Within eleven years of Independence, eight reforms were implemented on the level of ministries (13 ministries were established and 18 ministries were liquidated), not taking into account reforms, related to changes of heads of ministries and organizational transformations of their structure. From 1995, reforms are implemented once in two years and the trend of a reduction of number of ministries – from 19 to 13 – takes place. An absence of a stable policy in respect of the number and purpose of the ministries caused frequent reforms in this system that replaced one organizational–legal form of an executive institution was replaced by another form (for example, ministries were reorganized into governmental organizations and vice versa). Within last years (from 1998), growing of the number of quasi–governing structures (governmental committees and commissions) was particularly rapid. The number of institutions at ministries and governmental organizations gradually grew as well, and the number of institutions of county's heads remained the most stable from the moment of the establishment. The system of executive institutions from March 11, 1990 passes the period of permanent changes. Governing reforms present a continuous process in our state. The necessity of reforms is predetermined by the programme of the Government, i.e. all reforms are bound with the intuition and opinion of various political parties on state governing. Thus, in absence of a strategy (conception, programme) of an improvement of the system of executive institutions, based on an comprehensive analysis and independent on political processes, it is impossible to ensure a stability and harmony of the system of executive institutions. ; Jau pačią pirmą nepriklausomybės atkūrimo dieną buvo padėtas naujos valstybės valdžios sistemos pamatas. Naujoji sistema grindžiama demokratinėse pasaulio valstybėse plačiai taikoma valdžių padalijimo doktrina. Šis straipsnis ir skirtas vykdomosios valdžios institucijų sistemos – vienos iš svarbiausių valstybės valdžios instituto – genezei po nepriklausomybės atkūrimo analizuoti. Jame pateikiamas šios valdžios rūšies institucijų sistemos formavimasis, gana daug dėmesio skiriama atskirų vykdomosios valdžios institucijų struktūrų evoliucionavimui nagrinėti. Minėtos sistemos pokyčiai iliustruojami empiriniais tyrimais. Nurodomos vykdomosios valdžios institucijų sistemos tobulinimo gairės bei priežastys, turinčios įtakos jos raidai.

Central and Eastern European countries had a process of privatising financial institutions in 1990's as the right way to a market economy. The world has been shaken by the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 and as certain distrust of private-owned financial institutions started to evolve, state authorities were pushed to punish the distressed financial institutions and their managers and public funds were diverted from social projects to bank rescue schemes. The world is facing various stress scenarios and challenges today that might influence the fundamental system of private property of financial institutions. Financial institutions are the principal mechanisms for money circulation and a precondition for successful economic development. The change in financial institutions property status may consequently influence the pace of development of certain aspects of the economy. However, property rights cannot be accounted as an uninfringeable fortress of the entitlement theory because a modern social and economic policy state seeks to transfer them, especially when the goal is preserving a state as such in a stress scenario. This research is dedicated to justify the thesis hypothesis that property rights of financial institutions can be legally infringed by a government performing deprivatisation from the perspective of the public interest in a stress scenario. Property rights and their theoretical implications are being examined throughout the thesis from the perspective of the public interest. Financial institutions and their critical situations are analysed from the perspective of their deprivatisation and the historical events of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Stress scenario situations are outlined with the public interest's influence on a government's actions in the deprivatisation of financial institutions. The status of financial institutions in a stress scenario is discussed and recommendations for an efficient deprivatisation are presented from the perspective of property rights. Finally, case law on the legality of a deprivatisation is studied and recommendations for litigating deprivatisation are presented. The hypothesis of the thesis is justified through the most important conclusion that a state's intervention in the financial sector is inevitable in a stress scenario to protect scarce financial resources and their efficient allocation, social security, state administration and the state as such even by infringing property rights in deprivatisation process performed within the limits of the eminent domain theory. The legitimacy of a state's decisions has to be evaluated by courts, otherwise governments could just proceed with deprivatisation procedures and there would be no public challenges for these actions of governments.

Central and Eastern European countries had a process of privatising financial institutions in 1990's as the right way to a market economy. The world has been shaken by the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 and as certain distrust of private-owned financial institutions started to evolve, state authorities were pushed to punish the distressed financial institutions and their managers and public funds were diverted from social projects to bank rescue schemes. The world is facing various stress scenarios and challenges today that might influence the fundamental system of private property of financial institutions. Financial institutions are the principal mechanisms for money circulation and a precondition for successful economic development. The change in financial institutions property status may consequently influence the pace of development of certain aspects of the economy. However, property rights cannot be accounted as an uninfringeable fortress of the entitlement theory because a modern social and economic policy state seeks to transfer them, especially when the goal is preserving a state as such in a stress scenario. This research is dedicated to justify the thesis hypothesis that property rights of financial institutions can be legally infringed by a government performing deprivatisation from the perspective of the public interest in a stress scenario. Property rights and their theoretical implications are being examined throughout the thesis from the perspective of the public interest. Financial institutions and their critical situations are analysed from the perspective of their deprivatisation and the historical events of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Stress scenario situations are outlined with the public interest's influence on a government's actions in the deprivatisation of financial institutions. The status of financial institutions in a stress scenario is discussed and recommendations for an efficient deprivatisation are presented from the perspective of property rights. Finally, case law on the legality of a deprivatisation is studied and recommendations for litigating deprivatisation are presented. The hypothesis of the thesis is justified through the most important conclusion that a state's intervention in the financial sector is inevitable in a stress scenario to protect scarce financial resources and their efficient allocation, social security, state administration and the state as such even by infringing property rights in deprivatisation process performed within the limits of the eminent domain theory. The legitimacy of a state's decisions has to be evaluated by courts, otherwise governments could just proceed with deprivatisation procedures and there would be no public challenges for these actions of governments.

Central and Eastern European countries had a process of privatising financial institutions in 1990's as the right way to a market economy. The world has been shaken by the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 and as certain distrust of private-owned financial institutions started to evolve, state authorities were pushed to punish the distressed financial institutions and their managers and public funds were diverted from social projects to bank rescue schemes. The world is facing various stress scenarios and challenges today that might influence the fundamental system of private property of financial institutions. Financial institutions are the principal mechanisms for money circulation and a precondition for successful economic development. The change in financial institutions property status may consequently influence the pace of development of certain aspects of the economy. However, property rights cannot be accounted as an uninfringeable fortress of the entitlement theory because a modern social and economic policy state seeks to transfer them, especially when the goal is preserving a state as such in a stress scenario. This research is dedicated to justify the thesis hypothesis that property rights of financial institutions can be legally infringed by a government performing deprivatisation from the perspective of the public interest in a stress scenario. Property rights and their theoretical implications are being examined throughout the thesis from the perspective of the public interest. Financial institutions and their critical situations are analysed from the perspective of their deprivatisation and the historical events of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Stress scenario situations are outlined with the public interest's influence on a government's actions in the deprivatisation of financial institutions. The status of financial institutions in a stress scenario is discussed and recommendations for an efficient deprivatisation are presented from the perspective of property rights. Finally, case law on the legality of a deprivatisation is studied and recommendations for litigating deprivatisation are presented. The hypothesis of the thesis is justified through the most important conclusion that a state's intervention in the financial sector is inevitable in a stress scenario to protect scarce financial resources and their efficient allocation, social security, state administration and the state as such even by infringing property rights in deprivatisation process performed within the limits of the eminent domain theory. The legitimacy of a state's decisions has to be evaluated by courts, otherwise governments could just proceed with deprivatisation procedures and there would be no public challenges for these actions of governments.

Negative statistical data reported by Euro Health Consumer Powerhouse (EHCP) in 2015 and the recommendations of the Council of the European Union to improve the performance results of the Lithuanian health care system encourages the researchers, policy makers and the practitioners to investigate deeper and to search for the causes that impacted the health care performance. The significance of the performance measurement and the methodological aims are analysed in the article. The objective of the article is to identify the main problems of the health care performance in Lithuania and to adduce the main aspects of the methodology used for the health care performance measurement purposes. The survey of the multi profile health care institutions confirmed the statistic results presented by EHCP. The key theoretical aspects of the methodological design and alignment are analysed and presented in the article. Scientists acknowledge that versatile methodology of the performance measurement was not established yet and main performance measurement principles should be followed, considering the uniques and the oneness of the investigated region ensuring that all sectors and levels of the health care system are measured.

Negative statistical data reported by Euro Health Consumer Powerhouse (EHCP) in 2015 and the recommendations of the Council of the European Union to improve the performance results of the Lithuanian health care system encourages the researchers, policy makers and the practitioners to investigate deeper and to search for the causes that impacted the health care performance. The significance of the performance measurement and the methodological aims are analysed in the article. The objective of the article is to identify the main problems of the health care performance in Lithuania and to adduce the main aspects of the methodology used for the health care performance measurement purposes. The survey of the multi profile health care institutions confirmed the statistic results presented by EHCP. The key theoretical aspects of the methodological design and alignment are analysed and presented in the article. Scientists acknowledge that versatile methodology of the performance measurement was not established yet and main performance measurement principles should be followed, considering the uniques and the oneness of the investigated region ensuring that all sectors and levels of the health care system are measured.

Negative statistical data reported by Euro Health Consumer Powerhouse (EHCP) in 2015 and the recommendations of the Council of the European Union to improve the performance results of the Lithuanian health care system encourages the researchers, policy makers and the practitioners to investigate deeper and to search for the causes that impacted the health care performance. The significance of the performance measurement and the methodological aims are analysed in the article. The objective of the article is to identify the main problems of the health care performance in Lithuania and to adduce the main aspects of the methodology used for the health care performance measurement purposes. The survey of the multi profile health care institutions confirmed the statistic results presented by EHCP. The key theoretical aspects of the methodological design and alignment are analysed and presented in the article. Scientists acknowledge that versatile methodology of the performance measurement was not established yet and main performance measurement principles should be followed, considering the uniques and the oneness of the investigated region ensuring that all sectors and levels of the health care system are measured.

Negative statistical data reported by Euro Health Consumer Powerhouse (EHCP) in 2015 and the recommendations of the Council of the European Union to improve the performance results of the Lithuanian health care system encourages the researchers, policy makers and the practitioners to investigate deeper and to search for the causes that impacted the health care performance. The significance of the performance measurement and the methodological aims are analysed in the article. The objective of the article is to identify the main problems of the health care performance in Lithuania and to adduce the main aspects of the methodology used for the health care performance measurement purposes. The survey of the multi profile health care institutions confirmed the statistic results presented by EHCP. The key theoretical aspects of the methodological design and alignment are analysed and presented in the article. Scientists acknowledge that versatile methodology of the performance measurement was not established yet and main performance measurement principles should be followed, considering the uniques and the oneness of the investigated region ensuring that all sectors and levels of the health care system are measured.

2011 – 2014 was of great importance to the credit institutions working within Lithuania. This period included all kinds of major developments, from suspension of credit institutions, to insolvencies and bankruptcies all of which was put under the magnifying glass by the actively working journalists. These events were actively discussed in Lithuania by both the public and various political figures which gave rise to multiple opinions and never before seen discussions. However, most importantly these actions gave rise to questions related to the supervision and legal regulation of credit institutions based within Lithuania, which is carried out by the Bank of Lithuania. Generally clients who decide to lend their monetary assets to banks or credit unions should be aware that they assume part of the risks of a possible credit institution collapse. However, once the deposit and/or investment is made, a state owned company "Deposit and Investment Insurance" (VĮ "Indėlių ir investicijų draudimas") also becomes responsible for it, if it's equal or less than 100.000 EUR (one hundred thousand euros). Adequate supervision of credit institutions in Lithuania and as a matter of fact – any other country, should result in a much lower risk for the creditor who lent or placed monetary deposits within the credit institution. This supervision should provide adequate protection for the creditors from the risk of credit institution insolvency. Effective supervision of credit institutions should prohibit credit institutions from taking inadequate risks, to prohibit moving away from the classic banking principles and most importantly, this supervision should prohibit violation of laws. These circumstances helps to create a stable financial framework. Legal regulation is the basis of ensuring that financial institutions, which possess a license to engage in acceptance and issue of monetary deposits from non-professional market participants have to be financially secure and reliable. Constant supervision of how credit institutions act in accordance to the legal legislation acts, prompt response to the problems which surface within the scope of activities of the credit institution, protection of depositor and public interest, create assumptions for supervisory authorities to exercise effective supervision of credit institutions. This master's paper indicates the effective supervision of credit institutions regulatory legal concept. Effective supervision of credit institutions regulation and supervisory authority of both the Bank of Lithuania and the European Central Bank (from here onwards - ECB) is analyzed. It should be taken into account that the ECB provides direct supervision to the three primary Lithuanian credit institutions; the ones that fall outside its scope are supervised by the Bank of Lithuania. Aforementioned institutions cooperating together issue and/or cancel authorizations for credit institutions to operate (credit unions are excluded), in addition, they evaluate the 5 acquisition of qualified share packets. It must be noted that supervision of credit institutions performed by the Bank of Lithuania must be done in accordance to the instructions and requirements placed by the ECB. In order to find out whether credit institution supervision legal regulation is effective in Lithuania, this paper provides an analysis of relevant Lithuanian legislation and how this legislation embodies the principles and requirements of effective bank supervision as pointed out by Basel bank supervision committee as well as International Credit Union Regulator's Network and World Council of Credit Unions pointed out supervisory principles and requirements. In addition, this paper compares Lithuanian legislation related to credit institution regulation to legislation used by financially and economically developed states. Furthermore, this paper includes topic related observations provided by the experts of this field. An analysis provided by this master's paper points out an observation that certain shortcomings (limitations) originate from the regulation of supervisory authorities (institutions) responsibility and requirements for credit institution management and application of external audit. This paper points out a list of suggestions and recommendations on how to remove/avoid these shortcomings. It is established within Lithuanian legislation that damages caused by the illegal actions of the Bank of Lithuania or its employee's, which relate to the supervision of financial market, are rewarded if the injured party proves that the Bank of Lithuania or its employees were guilty of damages. Analysis provided in the paper shows that supervision of credit institutions are more efficient when losses/-damages caused by the supervisory authorities or its employees are rewarded only in cases when losses/-damages were caused with dishonest intentions (in bad faith). It should be noted that the findings of the bank audit will become more reliable and helpful to supervisory institutions for purposes of supervision, if Lithuanian legislation would set requirements pursuant to which the auditors responsible for bank audits would be required to possess specialized knowledge and competence. In addition, in order to make credit institution supervision more effective, it is necessary to establish clear-cut requirements for auditors who perform bank audits; these requirements should include a principle of professional skepticism which should be recognizable and visible in the documents provided by the auditor. Criminal liability should be established in Lithuanian legislation for bank executives who make hasty decisions which in turn lead to bank insolvency, bankruptcy – collapse. These legal acts should enable supervisory authorities to carry out effective supervision of credit institutions. Setting the appropriate supervisory requirements for the credit institutions determine the level of effectiveness of its supervision. Since the root of problems within credit unions is the passive participation of the union managing members, it is of utmost importance to establish clearly