Suchergebnisse

This article explores the mobility pathways of temporary EU workers and the implications that transnational temporary mobility has on their labor market outcomes and access to social rights and benefits. The experiences of temporary EU migrants working in the UK show that despite the narrative of the borderlessness of the common European labor market, access to host countries' labor market and welfare is shaped by their employment status and welfare eligibility criteria that produce worker precariousness. Temporary EU workers' experiences are characterized by employment insecurity and unequal access to labor and social rights, effects which might increase since the UK has left the EU. ; peerReviewed

This article traces the diffuse connections between mobility and power by exploring how mobile phone use contributed to gendered power relations in rural India. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork on the use of mobile phones, conducted periodically between 2005 and 2013 in the village of Janta in West Bengal, India, and compared to earlier fieldwork in Janta, before the village had any phone system. Analysis of the increased mobility reveals how mobile phone use emerges within interconnected, changing fields of power. The political sphere earlier perceived as predominantly local was replaced by translocal political practices characterized by increasing mobility. Although new political practices eroded women's political participation in the village, mobile phone use made possible new forms of agency for women. The article contributes to the understanding of the unanticipated ways mobility and new media contribute to power and politics. ; peerReviewed

Kaasik-Krogerus scrutinizes the European Heritage Label (EHL) as an authorized heritage discourse (AHD) in the making. She analyses how the discourse is formed in a politics of mobility and stability between the local, national, and European scales resulting from the interplay of europeanization (of the national and local) and domestication (of the European). The chapter asks how this politics of mobility and stability is conducted to manage the scalar dissonance in one of the sites, the Great Guild Hall in Tallinn, Estonia. Kaasik-Krogerus argues that the politics conducted in the exhibitions works in two controversial ways: legitimizing mobility and stability as natural and simultaneously challenging these as problematic. The analysis illuminates the dissonance between the national-scale intents and their consequences on the European scale concerning power relations, multiscalarity, and future imaginaries. ; peerReviewed

Abstract In Finland, the participation rate of teacher education students in international mobility is low when compared to students in other faculties. The same tendency applies to teacher education students in other Nordic and European countries. Moreover, the number of teacher education students from Europe seeking mobility to developing countries is very small. In this study we examined the factors which support or hinder teacher education students' mobility both in general, and to developing countries in particular. The target groups selected for the web questionnaires and interviews were teacher education students from nine different universities (Helsinki, Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, Lapland, Oulu, Tampere, Turku, Åbo Akademi and Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences), and international student mobility coordinators in these universities. The student response rate was high (n = 698) and 12 of the respondents were also interviewed. Nine international mobility coordinators responded to the questionnaire and eight of them were interviewed. Four significant factors were found to influence student mobility: 1) Prevailing educational policy and societal circumstances; 2) Schools (as future work contexts); 3) Actions taken by the universities responsible for teacher education; 4) Teacher education students' personal views, experiences, and opinions regarding studies or internship periods abroad. The students highlighted the significance of the personal learning experience as the key motivating factor. Almost all the students felt that their teaching expertise had improved as a result of the international experience. Factors hindering mobility included the fear of international mobility delaying graduation, the specialisation requirement, the desire to conduct all studies in Finland, uncertainty about whether studies undertaken abroad are admissible to Finnish degrees, the lack of information and support regarding studying abroad, family-related factors, the fear of not coping well abroad and inadequate language skills, and issues related to security. The recommendations for the government and the universities providing teacher education emphasize a positive approach to international student mobility, highlighting new learning experiences. For teacher students themselves the main motive for studying or training abroad is personal growth. ; Tiivistelmä Suomalaisissa yliopistoissa opettajaopiskelijoiden kansainvälinen liikkuvuus on muiden tiedekuntien opiskelijoihin verrattuna vähäistä. Myös muissa Pohjoismaissa ja Euroopassa opettajaksi opiskelevien liikkuvuus on vähäisempää kuin muiden alojen opiskelijoiden. Kehitysmaihin tai kehittyviin maihin lähtevien opiskelijoiden määrä on hyvin pieni. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin opettajaopiskelijoiden kansainväliseen liikkuvuuteen yleisesti ja erityisesti kehitysmaihin suuntautuvaan liikkuvuuteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Verkkokyselyn ja haastattelujen kohderyhmiksi valittiin opettajaopiskelijat yhdeksästä korkeakoulusta (Helsinki, Joensuu, Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän ammattikorkeakoulu, Lappi, Oulu, Tampere, Turku, Vaasa/Åbo) ja kansainvälistä opiskelijaliikkuvuutta koordinoivat suunnittelijat. Opiskelijat vastasivat verkkokyselyyn aktiivisesti (n = 698), ja vastaajista 12 myös haastateltiin. Yhdeksän kansainvälisen liikkuvuuden koordinaattoria vastasi kyselyyn, ja heistä kahdeksan haastateltiin. Neljän merkityksellisen tekijän havaittiin vaikuttavan kansainväliseen liikkuvuuteen: 1) yleinen koulutuspolitiikka ja yhteiskunnallinen tilanne; 2) koulut (tulevat työkontekstit); 3) opettajankoulutuksesta vastaavien yliopistojen toiminta; ja 4) opettajaopiskelijoiden omat näkemykset, kokemukset ja mielipiteet ulkomailla suoritettavan opiskelijavaihdon tai harjoittelun mielekkyydestä ja lähtöä hankaloittavista tekijöistä. Opiskelijat korostivat henkilökohtaisen oppimiskokemuksen merkitystä motivoivana tekijänä. Lähes kaikki opiskelijat kokivat oman opettajuuteen liittyvän ammattitaitonsa parantuneen ulkomailla saadun kokemuksen kautta. Liikkuvuutta estäviksi tekijöiksi todettiin opintojen viivästymisen pelko, luokanopettajan opintoihin liittyvä erikoistumisen vaatimus, halu suorittaa opinnot Suomessa, ulkomailla suoritettujen opintojen soveltuvuus omaan tutkintoon, ulkomailla suoritettavista opinnoista saadun tiedon ja tuen puute, perheeseen liittyvät tekijät, pelko selviämisestä uudessa maassa ja kielitaidon riittämättömyydestä, ja turvallisuuteen liittyvät tekijät. Suosituksissa ministeriöille ja opettajankoulutusta tarjoaville yliopistoille painottuu positiivinen, uusia oppimiskokemuksia korostava suhtautuminen opiskelijaliikkuvuuteen. Opettajaopiskelijoille merkittävin motiivi ulkomailla opintojen tai harjoittelun suorittamiseen on selkeästi henkilökohtainen kasvu.

In contrast to recent reinforcements of Europe's internal and external borders due to the refugee situation on the Mediterranean and the Covid-19 outbreak, talk of European borders has in the past decades focused on the freedom of mobility guaranteed by the Schengen treaty. In many senses, free intra-European mobility has become a recited truth in the EU discourse: a phrase that hides under its repetition the gap between its implied content and empirical realities of many of those who are affected by European borders' exclusive tendencies. Through the concept of borderscape, this article focuses on the role that cultural products – especially maps exhibited at heritage sites – have in reciting ideas of European borders. In this context, ideas of European heritage are approached as a bordering practice – as an active process of creating, sustaining and challenging cultural border imaginaries and the many in/exclusion they imply. Empirically the article is focused on the European Heritage Label (EHL), a recent heritage action of the European Union (EU). The article asks what is the relationship between national and European representations of space; how are Europe's external borders represented; and what kind of cultural power hierarchies can be identified behind these representations? ; peerReviewed

The formulation of Union citizenship has concentrated on rights since the 1970s. In the Maastricht and subsequent EU treaties, Union citizenship is defined through rights. Against this background, discussion on rights in the EU documents on citizenship analysed in this article is surprisingly scarce. The research material consists of 15 documents produced by EU institutions in 2003–2007 as part of three programmes on citizenship. In the documents, the discussion on rights focuses on mobility instead of other aspects of rights. Electoral rights and fundamental rights are discussed a little, but in general, the minuscule discussion on rights is dominated by discussions on freedom of mobility, which appears to be the most important right of the Union citizen. Union citizenship is understood above all as citizenship of a mobile person and as a status guaranteeing freedom of movement. Conception of free movement as the core of citizens' rights keep up the citizenship discussions in the history of integration. Freedom for mobility lies also in the core of the area of freedom, security and justice – an area construct discussed in the documents. Both Union citizenship and the area of freedom, security and justice are innovations, through which EU can use power in the nation states' traditional fields of action: border control and citizenship. The central position given to the freedom of mobility and its connection with the economy as well as understanding citizenship rather as a status than practice link the Union citizenship formulated in the rights discussions to the liberalist tradition. Discussions on freedom of mobility imply both promoting and regulating mobility as well as crossing and drawing borders. In this kind of discussions on rights, Union citizenship appears as a category with which people and mobility as well as the entire integration can be governed. These discussions do not promote citizenship as political agency. ; peerReviewed

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan käytäntöjä, jotka tekevät osallistuvasta journalismista mahdollista. Osallistuvalla journalismilla (participatory journalism) tarkoitetaan tässä sellaista yhteistoiminnallista julkaisutoimintaa, joka nojaa oleellisin osin ei-journalisteihin ja jossa nämä osallistujat pääsevät omalla toiminnallaan vaikuttamaan julkaisuprosessin ja sitä kautta julkisuuteen. Tutkimuskohteena on kolme eurooppalaista, hiukan eri tavoin osallistumisen periaatetta soveltavaa julkaisua. Ensimmäinen on suuren avustajaverkoston avulla toimiva, vaihtoehtoinen Voima-lehti Suomesta, toinen on lähiöiden asukkaita osallistava paikallislehti Södra Sidan Ruotsista ja kolmas vapaaehtoisuuteen perustuva monikielinen verkkoaikakauslehti Cafébabel, jolla on keskustoimitus Pariisissa ja vapaaehtoisia kaupunkitiimejä ympäri Eurooppaa. Aineistona artikkelissa käytetään kokonaisuutta, joka koostuu havainnoinnista, valokuvista sekä haastatteluista. Tutkimuksenteoreettinen viitekehys koostuu käytäntöteoriasta ja analyysissä hyödynnetään käytännön käsitettä ja puretaan osallistuminen sen toiminnallisiin, materiaalisiin ja merkityksistä koostuviin osiin. Analyysissä erotellaan aineistosta neljä ankkuroivaa käytäntöä, jotka organisoivat osallistumista kaikissa kolmessa tapauksessa: tunnetyö, liikkuvuus, resurssien hallinta ja laadunvalvonta. Samalla kun ankkurit pitävät yllä osallistuvaa journalismia, ne ovat ristiriitaisia eikä valta jakaudu tasaisesti niiden sisällä.

By studying the moral orders that young Finnish adults (aged 18–30) attach to geographical mobility, this article reveals previously neglected relationships between aspiration and mobility. The 40 young adult interviewees are living in the midst of Finnish political debates about youth aspiration, which emphasise geographical rather than social mobility as a way to enhance employability and demonstrate aspiration. We argue that young people themselves use the discourse of geographical mobility by leaning on morally ordered social positionings which tend to be classed and gendered. They position themselves on a moral map of Finnish society, and in doing so they work and rework the social order and social hierarchies among young adults. The article suggests that notions of global and domestic mobility might best be grasped by focusing on the moral orders of aspiration that young adults also attach to intimate life. ; peerReviewed

This article examines the role of the media in the EU freedom of movement debate through the lens of high-circulation German and UK newspapers during the first half of 2014. It explores how the media problematised migration from Eastern European member states and its influence on national host country labour markets and welfare systems. It also analyses how different media outlets positioned themselves in relation to relevant policies or policy proposals. The findings show that most articles in our sample present low-skill, low-wage working European Union (EU) migrant class referred to as "poverty migrants" as a problem to be addressed at the policy level in contrast with the economically self-sufficient migrant with marketable skills. The article contributes to discussions on work, welfare, and mobility in the EU by cross-fertilising the literature on migration policy, freedom of movement, social rights, and the media. ; peerReviewed

Viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana korkeakoulutuksen kansainvälistyminen on määrittänyt korkeakoulujen kehitystä kaikkialla maailmassa ja siitä on tullut myös merkittävä tutkimusaihe. Aiemman tutkimuksen perusteella korkeakoulutuksen kansainvälistymistä voi pitää monisyisenä ja ristiriitaisena prosessina. Tässä artikkelissa lähestyn kansainvälistymistä opiskelijanäkökulmasta tutkimalla suomalaisten yliopisto-opiskelijoiden näkemyksiä kansainvälistymisestä. Valikoin tutkittaviksi Venäjän ja itäisen Euroopan valtakunnallisten asiantuntijaopintojen (VIExpert) suorittajat, koska aluetutkimusta on pidetty yhtenä esimerkkinä kansainvälistymisestä jo vuosikymmenien ajan. Toteutin tutkimuksen avoimista kysymyksistä koostuvan verkkokyselyn avulla. Aineiston analyysissä käytin lähilukua. Tutkimus osoittaa, miten kansainvälistymisen määrittelyssä tärkeinä tekijöinä näyttäytyvät kielet sekä Suomesta että Suomeen suuntaava akateeminen liikkuvuus. Kieliin ja liikkuvuuteen keskittyvän näkökulman haastaa näkemys, jonka mukaan korkeakoulutuksen kansainvälistyminen koskee kaikkea opetuksen sisältöä sekä yliopistojen akateemista henkilökuntaa ja kaikkia opiskelijoita. Näin opiskelijoiden näkemyksessä korostuu myös kansainvälistymisen jokapäiväisyys, joka samalla häivyttää näkyvistä kansainvälistymisen taustalla vaikuttavat toimijat.

Over the past decades, internationalisation has become one of the key issues in higher education. Respectively, the topic has gained prominence as a subject of academic research. According to various studies, the internationalisation of higher education is a multifaceted and controversial process. In this article, internationalisation is approached from student perspective. The empirical data were gathered among the students of Expertise in Russian and Eastern European Studies (ExpREES). The data were gathered by an e-survey made up of open questions. Close reading was used to analyse the data. According to the results, students frame both languages and academic mobility as core issues of internationalisation and challenge their special role by emphasising that internationalisation concerns all curricula as well as all academic staff and students. Hereby, internationalisation is dealt with as an inherent part of everyday academic life, whilst the various actors behind the policy of internationalisation and their impact on the internationalisation process become blurred.

Evangelical Lutheran parishes and their representatives have provided sanctuaries for asylum seekers for forty years in Finland. Yet this activity became widely publicly recognized only after the Finnish Ecumenical Council released the "Church as Sanctuary" document in 2007. The parishes are assisted by many civic organizations (e.g., women's organizations, Free Movement Network, Amnesty International, and Finnish Refugee Council) in providing sanctuary. They share the same opponent: the state's strict asylum policy. The various parties involved in Finnish sanctuary incidents can be divided into two groups using the terminology of the Foucaldian analytics of pastoral power: a state pastorate and the civic/church pastorate. The former tries to secure the vitality of its "flock," the Finnish population, through strict control over asylum seekers. The latter pastorate challenges the state's sovereignty to define its accepted members by offering alternative ways for asylum seekers to stay in the country and an alternative understanding of who this "flock" should include. In this article I analyze how these parties construct their subjec­tivities and the asylum-seeker's subjectivity in the sanctu­ary incidents. Despite seeming opposition between the two pastorates, there are similarities in the ways by which they seek to clarify the inner soul-life of the asylum seekers and make them knowable and governable. ; Les paroisses évangéliques luthériennes de Finlande et leurs partenaires fournissent le sanctuaire aux demandeurs d'asile depuis quarante ans. Pourtant, cette activité n'a été largement reconnue publiquement qu'après la publication en 2007 du document Kirkko turvapaikkana (L' église refuge) par le conseil œcuménique de Finlande. Les paroisses sont assistés par de nombreuses organisations civiques (p. ex ., organisations féminines, réseau Libre circulation (Vapaa liikkuvuus), Amnistie internationale, conseil Finlandais pour les réfugiés) en fournissant l'asile. Elles partagent un même adversaire: la politique ...

This edited book brings together contributions by some of the top work-life researchers from Finland and abroad. It offers a series of short essay-type chapters covering a broad variety of topics related to how labour markets, work and working life are continuously changing. The book has a strong cross-national approach and stresses the importance of studying both microlevel changes within macrolevel contexts as well as the microlevel mechanisms of changes at the macrolevel. The chapters are grouped in four parts. Part I deals with how life courses have changed, with special focus on the entry of women to the labour market and the determinants of their economic contribution. Part II discusses two circuits of labour migration: that of mostly high-skilled and regulated work and that of mostly low-skilled and unregulated work. However, it also shows that the boundaries between those two are not always clear. Part III focuses on how work itself is changing, using the examples of women attorneys' pro-bono work in Finland and Poland and the use of lean management in the Nordic public sector. Finally, in Part IV the authors explore the power of institutions and ideas in reshaping the way we work while labour markets are under pressure. Available in print from online bookstores e.g. Booky.fi and Adlibris. Contents: Preface / Pertti Koistinen 1. Shaping and reshaping boundaries of work: A framework for analysing complex and multifaceted change / Aart-Jan Riekhoff PART I: THE LIFE COURSE AND GENDER IN THE LABOUR MARKET 2. Welfare state entry and exit over the life course: Employment and the sustainability of the welfare state in different worlds of welfare / Olli Kangas, Joakim Palme & Markus Kainu 3. Cross-national analysis of women's economic contribution / Saki Kudo PART II: VARIETIES OF MIGRATION AND WORK 4. Crossing the boundary to Europe: Finns on transnational careers in the European Union / Saara Koikkalainen 5. Examining the role of institutions in shaping migrant reproductive labour / Merita Jokela 6. Polish posted workers in the transnational space of subcontracting: Making ethnographic sense of new employment relations / Anna Matyska PART III: NEW WAYS OF WORKING 7. "It is also about helping people": Women attorneys' commitment to public service and incentives for pro bono work in Finland and Poland / Marta Choroszewicz 8. The rise of lean organisations in Nordic countries: How recent changes in public sector management are shaping working life / Armi Mustosmäki, Tomi Oinas & Timo Anttila PART IV: THE POLITICS AND POSSIBILITIES OF CHANGING WORK 9. Labour market reforms in times of globalisation / Aart-Jan Riekhoff 10. Decentralisation in the context of the competitiveness discourse: The Finnish labour market relations system since 2008 / Paul Jonker-Hoffrén 11. Alternative for work, low-income supplement or investment? Exploring the idea of basic income in the Finnish public debate / Johanna Perkiö

Chiara Valentini analysoi tutkimuksessaan Euroopan Unionin viestintää eri yleisöjensä kanssa kahdessa EU:n jäsenmaassa vuosina 2001-2006. Valentini tarkasteli erityisesti Euroopan komissiota ja - Useiden maiden kansalaisille suunnatussa EU:n ohjelmia koskevassa viestinnässä tulisi kiinnittää huomiota paikallisiin ja kulttuurisiin prioriteetteihin. Kaksisuuntaisen viestinnän kehittäminen on mahdollista taustatutkimuksen avulla, Valentini suosittaa.Valentini huomasi, että EU-instituutiot ovat alkaneet laajemmin toteuttaa pr-käytäntöjä viestintänsä kehittämisessä vasta viime vuosina. Pr:stä on tullut erittäin tärkeä strategisen johtamisen väline ja siksi julkisten organisaatioiden tulisi ohjata resursseja sekä organisaation sisäiseen, että sen ulkopuolelle suuntautuvaan viestintään. On tärkeää, että organisaatiot oppivat ajattelemaan globaalisti ja toimimaan paikallisesti. Organisaatioiden tulee tarjota paikallisia tarpeita varten räätälöityjä palveluja, joita laatiessa on pidetty globaalit trendit mielessä. Ideana on yhdistää kulttuurienvälinen osaaminen julkisen johtamisen strategioihin, koska kulttuurienvälinen osaaminen lisää viestijän tehokkuutta, Valentini korostaa.– Ihmisten vapaa liikkuvuus synnyttää yhä useampia monikulttuurisia kaupunkeja, joiden kansalaiset, asiakkaat ja businesskumppanit edustavat monia eri kulttuureja. Tämä vaikuttaa julkisten organisaatioiden toimintaan siten, että niiden täytyy strategisessa suunnittelussaan huomioida myös maahanmuuttajat, Valentini sanoo. ; This study is an analysis of EU information and communication policies developed from 2001 to 2006 and their possible impacts on the communication strategies of two member states, namely Finland and Italy. In particular this investigation focuses on how EU directives affected the communication activities of these two member states toward their national publics. The public organizations analysed were the European Commission and its DG Communication, the Finnish and Italian representations of the European Commission and Finnish and Italian EU offices at regional and local levels. A multi-level (European versus national) and comparative (Finnish versus Italian) approach resting on public communication and public relations theories, but also including some of the theories on public diplomacy, community relations and marketing communications, was adopted. The methodologies applied were based on the triangulation of different techniques such as content and document analyses, qualitative analyses of an online survey and of face-to-face interviews, and a meta-analysis of existing public opinion surveys. The multi-method study is in five parts: a study of six EU documents on information and communication policies and their implementation in member states; an analysis of EU officers' activities and their communication strategies at the local level; a study of different Eurobarometer surveys on citizens' EU perceptions; an investigation of EU media relations and an examination of some EU information campaigns. The results of this research revealed a similar trend with respect to EU communication strategies both in Finland and in Italy. During the period 2001 and 2006 EU communication strategies were not sufficiently tailored to the needs of national publics and they mostly were one-way-symmetrical communications. The stated aim of EU policies on information and communication was a decentralisation of tasks and functions which was not completely delivered in terms of local involvement in communication decisions. The effects on improving citizens' EU perceptions and on a positive EU image and trust were rather low and journalists' opinions of the interest of the European Union in establishing mutual and beneficial media relations scored very poorly in both countries