Članak donosi pregled najosnovnijih postavki transhumanističkog pokreta. Transhumanistički pokret počinje krajem 20. stoljeća i zalaže se za korištenje tehnologije u svrhu unapređivanja ljudskog stanja. S obzirom na izvjesnu razinu sličnosti s posthumanizmom, pregled transhumanizma počinje analizom osnovnih pojmova: transhumanizam, posthumanizam, transhumano biće i posthumano biće. Nakon toga, transhumanizam se proučava iz perspektive različitih disciplina. Te su discipline: filozofija znanosti, metafizika, etika, filozofija uma, filozofija religije i filozofija politike. ; This paper features an overview of the foundations of transhumanism. The transhumanist movement has existed since the end of the 20th century and espouses the use of technology for enhancing the human condition. Due to a certain level of similarity to posthumanism, this overview of transhumanism begins with an analysis of basic terminology: transhumanism, posthumanism, the transhuman being and the posthuman being. After that, transhumanism is studied from the perspectives of different disciplines. These disciplines are: philosophy of science, metaphysics, ethics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of religion and political philosophy.
Početak razvoja Kliničkoga bolničkog centra u Osijeku vezanje uz Huttler Kohlhoffer Monspergerovu zakladnu bolnicu, osnovanu 1874. godine, koja je tada bila najmodernija bolnica na jugoistoku Europe. Naredbom Vlade 1895. godine postaje "Sveobća i javna Huttler Kohlhoffer-Monspergerova zakladna bolnica pod Zemaljskom upravom u Osieku". U vrijeme Prvoga svjetskog rata Zakladna bolnica skrbi o ranjenima i bolesnima. Poslije Prvoga svjetskog rata otvaraju se novi bolnički odjeli. Osim Kirurgije i Interne medicine, novi su odjeli Oftalmologija, Otorinolaringologija, Dermatovenerologija, Epidemiološkohigijenski zavod i Dispanzer za tuberkulozu. Daljnji razvoj prekinuo je Drugi svjetski rat. U teškim prilikama razvijen je poseban način medicinskoga rada, osobito u pogledu zbrinjavanja ranjenika i bolesnika, poduzimanja protuepidemijskih mjera, medicinskog opskrbljivanja i si. Nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata obnavlja se Opća bolnica Osijek i započinje moderan ustroj kao temelj razvoja buduće kliničke bolnice. U razdoblju 1980. - 1990. godine provode se stručna usavršavanja na svim područjima, objavljuju se brojni znanstveni i stručni radovi, razvija izdavačka djelatnost, što pridonosi stvaranju obrazovno nastavne djelatnosti i znanstveno-istraživačkoga rada. Posebno treba istaknuti razdoblje Domovinskoga rata u kojem je bolnica časno izvršila sve svoje zadaće u liječenju ranjenih i bolesnih. Stoga joj je dodijeljena nagrada "Medicina . Godine 1992. stekla je naslov Klinička bolnica Osijek. Daljnjim razvojem, izgradnjom, opremanjem i napredovanjem djelatnika u znanstvena, nastavna, znanstveno nastavna i stručna zvanja, 2009. godine postaje Klinički bolnički centar. Klinike i odjeli Kliničkoga bolničkog centra u Osijeku nastavna su baza Medicinskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku. ; Beginnings of the University Hospital Centre in Osijek were related to Huttler Kohlhoffer Monsperger Foundation Hospital, which was founded in 1874 and was the most modern hospital in the south-east Europe at the time. By the Government legislation in 1895 it became "General and public Huttler Kohlhoffer Monsperger Foundation Hospital under Country's management in Osiek". Foundation hospital was taking care of the wounded and sick during the World War 1. New hospital departments were opened after the World War I. Apart from Surgery and Internal Department; new departments were Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Dermatovenereology, Epidemiological and Hygienic Institute and Tuberculosis Clinic. Further development was interrupted by the World War II. A special way of performing medical work developed in those hard times, especially regarding taking care of the wounded and sick, taking epidemic precaution measures, medical supplying, etc. After the World War II General Hospital Osijek was renovated and modern organization began, which was a basis for development of the future university hospital. In the period 1980 - 1990 professional educations in all areas were implemented, many scientific and professional papers were published, publishing developed, what contributed to creating educational and teaching activities, as well as scientific and research work. Period of the War for Croatian Independence, in which the hospital honourably performed all its duties regarding treating wounded and sick, especially needs to be pointed out. For those activities it was rewarded with "Medicine" reward. In 1992 it became University Hospital Osijek. By further development, construction, and equipment and by promoting its employees to scientific, teaching, scientific teaching and professional titles, it became University Hospital Centre in 2009. Clinics and Departments of the University Hospital Centre in Osijek are the teaching base of the Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek.
Odgoj i obrazovanje čine jedan od čimbenika uspješne zajednice odgajajući i obrazujući građane sposobne za aktivno sudjelovanje u participativnoj demokraciji. Važnost obrazovanja za demokraciju je prepoznao još John Dewey, no implementacija ideje je otežana usponom neoliberalizma kao dominantne svjetske ideologije. Kontradikcije između ciljeva i metoda demokracije te neoliberalizma očituju se na području kurikula koji, pod utjecajem postmodernizma, postaje fleksibilniji i otvoreniji za različite diskurse iviđenje stvarnosti iz pozicije drugog. Začetke demokratskog obrazovanja nalazimo u idejama alternativnih škola uspostavljenih u Njemačkoj, Engleskoj te Norveškoj.Istinsko demokratsko obrazovanje zahtjeva transformaciju cjelokupnog odgojno-obrazovnog sustava utemeljenu na dijaloškom pristupu odgojno-obrazovnom procesu, važnosti zajedničkih prostora kao poligona demokratskog obrazovanja, kritičkoj analizi procesa (su)konstrukcije i legitimiranja znanja te zajedničkog djelovanja iz trenutnog društveno-političkog okvira prema svijetu mogućeg.
Predmet teksta estetički su aspekti desnih totalitarnih ideologija, preciznije funkcija koju u njihovu nastanku i održavanju ima kič kao pseudoumjetnost. Budući da je sklonost k njemu, kako su teoretičari odavno utvrdili, obilježje jedne kompleksne strukture ljudskog doživljavanja i stajališta prema svijetu, autorica istražuje i načine na koji se ona eksploatirala, odnosno kako se njome manipuliralo i u drugim, strogo uzevši neestetskim sferama života u Njemačkoj i Italiji tridesetih godina proteklog vijeka. Politička simbolika, jezik politike, ponuđeni obrasci političke identifikacije i mobilizacije k projektiranom političkom cilju u centralnom dijelu rada predmet su njezine analize koju provodi iz tog istraživačkog rakursa. Savezništvo između kiča i totalitarnih političkih režima nije slučajno, nego, naprotiv, zasnovano na zajedničkim i čvrstim antropološkim osnovama. ; This text deals with aesthetic aspects of right totalitarian ideologies, or more precisely, the function that kitsch as pseudoart has in their origin and maintenance. As affinity towards kitsch, which was established by art theoreticians a long time ago, is a characteristic of a complex structure of human experience and view of the world, the author also explores the ways in which it was exploited or manipulated in other, strictly speaking non-aesthetic spheres of life in Germany and Italy of the 1930s. Political symbolism, language of politics, offered forms of political identification and mobilization towards the projected political goal are the subject of her analysis in the central part of the text, which analysis is derived from that angle of research. The author concludes that the alliance between kitsch and totalitarian political regimes is not accidental, but that it is, on the contrary, founded on common and firm anthropological bases.
Kozmopolitizam i imperij dijele dugu zajedničku povijest koja seže još u antička vremena. Kozmopolitizam kao ideju sigurno ne bismo poznavali da nije bilo političke organizacije poput imperija, a imperijalni oblik vladavine sigurno ne bio toliko uspješan da se kozmopolitizam nije barem djelomično nalazio u opravdanju i očuvanju niza imperijalnih projekata. Interes za ideju kozmopolitizma obnovljen je u posljednjih dvadeset godina pojavom globalizacijske teorije, a također se čini da je i imperij, bilo da je odobravan ili osporavan, u skorije vrijeme postao popularan organizacijski koncept u akademskim diskusijama o našem trenutnom globalnom političkom stanju. Uspostava mira i njegovo održanje u oba ova koncepta igraju značajnu ulogu, no je li uopće moguće razlučiti kozmopolitsko od imperijalnog shvaćanja mira te kako ove sličnosti (i razlike) utječu na razvitak današnjeg globalnog vladanja? ; Cosmopolitanism and empire share a long history together, dating back to Antiquity. We would certainly not know of cosmopolitan idea if political organization such as Empire did not exist, and the imperial form of government certainly would not be so successful if cosmopolitanism was not at least partially involved in the justification and preservation of the series of imperial projects. Interest in the cosmopolitan idea was renewed in the last twenty years with the appearance of globalization theory, but it also appears that empire, whether it is accepted or disputed, also became a popular organizational concept in academic discussions about our current global political situation. In both of those concepts the establishment of peace and its maintenance plays an important role, but is it even possible to distinguish between cosmopolitan and imperial understanding of peace, and how these similarities (and differences) affect the development of today's global governance?
Osnutak Sbora liečnika kr. Hrvatske i Slavonije sa sjedištem u Zagrebu i Družtva slavonskih liečnika sa sjedištem u Osijeku 874. godine rezultat je složenih društveno - političkih procesa, ali i zamaha na razini hrvatske kulturne integracije. Oblikovanje strukovnoga identiteta podrazumijevalo je sazrijevanje liječnika u kontekstu društvene uloge bez obzira na njihovu regionalnu raspoređenost. Osijek u to vrijeme jača, ne samo kao kao civilno i vojno središte već i kao zdravstveni centar Slavonije. Borba za oživotvorenje samostalnoga strukovnoga udruženja pozicionirala gaje stoga kao ravnopravnoga partnera Zagrebu i kao sredinu sa snažnim potencijalom borbe za reformu zdravstva uvjetovanu angažiranom ulogom liječničke profesije. ; Establishing of Sbor liečnika kr. Hrvatske i Slavonije (The Medical Association of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia) with headquarters in Zagreb and Družtvo slavonskih liečnika (Slavonian Medical Association) with headquarters in Osijek in 1874 was a result of complex social and political processes, but also efforts taken for Croatian cultural integration. Forming a professional identity included maturing of medical doctors in the context of their social role, regardless of their regional position. Osijek was becoming stronger at the time, not only as a civil and military centre, but also as a health centre of Slavonia. With efforts for establishing an independent professional association, Osijek became an equal partner to Zagreb and a place with a strong potential for fighting for a health reform, which mostly depended on doctors' efforts.
Obrtnici su znatno doprinosili gospodarskom razvoju Bjelovara i gradova u okviru današnje malene, a nekad velike Bjelovarsko-križevačke županije. Budući da je sjedište Varaždinske vojne krajine, koja je prva započela s razvojačenjem 1871. g., bilo u Bjelovaru, to su Bjelovar i njegovi gradovi Koprivnica i Križevci, a na prijelazu stoljeća i Daruvar imali najveće koristi od privrednog razvoja. Obrtnici su pratili taj privredni razvoj od 1871. do 1941. g. svojom mnogostrukom djelatnošću. Ograničen na proizvodnju obiteljskog karaktera rad obrtnika bio je vrlo nesiguran i kratak i bez udruživanja ne bi se mogao ni održati jer se od doba Khuena Héderváryja obrtu posvećivala malo pažnje u korist industrije i trgovaca. Obrtnici su poslovali po istom – hrvatskim obrtnicima nepodesnom – Obrtnom zakonu od 1884. do 1931. g., a onda su opet po Zakonu o radnjama od 1932. g. morali promijeniti čak i ime svog posla te su se zvali zanatlije i bili udruženi u Zanatskoj komori u Zagrebu i Osijeku, odnosno Zanatskoj komori Jugoslavije. Obrtnici Bjelovara i gradova Daruvar, Grubišno Polje, Garešnica i Čazma imali su sličnu povijest a otvarali su svoje radnje za potrebe lokalnih stanovnika, ali je samo grad Bjelovar imao obrtnike gotovo svih struka već 1891. g. udovoljavajući i potrebama ostalih manjih trgovišta i općina pa i pripadajućih gradova, osim Koprivnice i Križevaca, koji su bili u županiji do 1918. g., ali su se razvijali paralelno s Bjelovarom zbog svojeg položaja na pruzi. Obrtnici su naslijedili u ranom kapitalizmu cehove i preuzeli njihovu ulogu između trgovine i industrije. No u razvijenom monopolističkom kapitalizmu oni su postali višak jer se tipizirana roba proizvedena u tvornicama prodaje u velikim trgovinama te su obrtnici postali višak koji je eventualno školovao stručnu radnu snagu za trgovine i tvornice. Propast obrtnika bila je ucrtana u samu bit njihovih propisa i ovisna o uredbama koje je donosio režim. ; In the past, craftspeople contributed to a great extent to the economic development of Bjelovar and the towns in the today small, but once rather large county, which included wider areas of Bjelovar and Križevci. Since Bjelovar was the centre of the Varaždin Military Border, which first started with the demilitarisation in 1871, Bjelovar and its accompanying towns of Koprivnica and Križevci, as well as Daruvar at the turn of the century, benefited the most from economic development. Craftspeople were through their multifold activities a part of this development in the period 1871–1941. Limited to family business, livelihood from crafts was very insecure and of brief duration. Without joining in an association, they could not have survived at all, since as of the rule of Khuen Héderváry, the attitude towards craftpeople was rather inferior in comparison with industry and tradespeople. In the period 1884–1931, Croatian craftspeople had to operate pursuant to the Crafts Act, which was infavourable to them. Subsequently, as of 1932, pursuant to the Trades Act of that year, they even had to change the name of their profession to tradespeople. They were joined within the Chamber of Trades in Zagreb and Osijek, or rather within Yugoslav Chamber of Trades. Though craftspeople from Bjelovar, Daruvar, Grubišno Polje, Garešnica and Čazma shared a similar history and opened their shops to meet the needs of the local population, it was only the town of Bjelovar that as early as in 1891 had craftspeople of nearly all professions. It thereby met the needs of other smaller fair centres, municipalities, and towns as well, except for Koprivnica and Križevci, which were included in the county until 1918, but developed parallel with Bjelovar thanks to their position on the railway line. In early capitalism, craftspeople succeeded the guilds and took over their role in between trade and industry. However, in developed monopolistic capitalism, they became a surplus, as standardised goods produced in factories were sold by wholesale. Craftspeople thus became a surplus that only educated workpower for shops and factories. The ruin of craftspeople had been cut to the very core of the regulations and dependent on executive orders of the regime.
This paper analyses the political background of the departure of the Croatian Heritage Foundation's (CHF) delegation to Australia in summer 1971, i.e. the political reasons behind it and the purpose of the visit. Believing their influence among the expatriates to be great, the CHF decided to use an opportune moment of political divisions among the expatriates in order to neutralise the influence of the political émigrés among the expatriates while simultaneously attempting to gain the support of most expatriates for building closer ties with the homeland and accepting its socialist social-political system. The political divisions among the expatriates, the so-called differentiation process, was a consequence of political differences among the émigrés themselves, the arrival of new expatriates, and the positive influence of political movements in Croatia during the Croatian Spring. This process was particularly prominent in Australia, which was also seen as a bastion of reactionary expatriates, strongly influenced by Croatian political émigrés. The CHF delegation's journey was planned in agreement with political factors from the Socialist Republic of Croatia. The tenets of the Tenth Session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Croatia and the climate of the Croatian Spring—which included a strengthening of Croatian identity at the expense of Yugoslav identity among expatriates—served as their political milestones. The Football Federation of Croatia worked with the CHF in Croatia, while the managements of the football clubs 'Croatia', Croatian associations that split off from Croatian Halls owned by political émigrés, Committees of the Croatian Cancer League, the 'Croatian Youth' organisation, and parts of the clergy and the pro-Yugoslav émigrés who were ready to work with the rest of the Croatian expatriates were all seen as potential collaborators. The Yugoslav diplomatic missions and consular posts were seen as the factors that should spearhead the differentiation process, but were also ...
In every state, local self-government is part of a political system that, among other things, includes various aspects of the position, structure, & operation of all bodies with public authority. The starting point in investigating systems of local self-government should be the structure of the entire state system: this should be followed by an analysis of the structure of its component local self-governing units. The first part of the research deals with the system's macro-organization, while the second looks into its micro-organization. First, it is necessary to identify what the system comprises, ie, which types of local self-government units exist & what their characteristics are with regard to size, strength, & capabilities for viable functioning; after that, their structures can be investigated individually. In investigating macro-organizations, it is important to pay attention to whether the system of local self-government is single- or multilevel, mono- or polytype, & what the size of individual units is. The study of micro-organization provides a picture of the condition & the composition of certain bodies of a unit, their functioning & relations, their scope, financial situation, degree of independence, forms of control, etc. The article offers a basic outline of the macro-organization (structure & territorial basis) & the micro-organization (of the internal structure & range) as well as of the systems of state control of local self-government in seven European states. These brief outlines of individual systems are followed by a parallel outline of all the systems. 7 Tables, 1 Appendix, 37 References. Adapted from the source document.
Ernes Kulenovic's Ph. D. dissertation Pluralisticka teorija utemeljenja ljudskih prava (Pluralistic Theory of the Foundation of Human Rights), defended at the U of Zagreb in 2009, is presented, outlining its objectives, summarizing & commenting on its individual chapters, & expressing a few evaluative remarks in the concluding paragraph. A synopsis of the work's five chapters is given, focusing on the leading theme of each: (1) the political & theoretical context of a relativist conception of the universality of human rights, (2) the tradition of natural law as the foundation of human rights, (3) the implications of the theory of cultural relativism for the foundation of human rights, (4) major proposals of a relativist foundation of human rights; a critical survey of literature, & (5) a summary of research results. The work is praised for its contribution to the study of universalist & relativist conceptions of human rights, a clear & comprehensive style of exposition, & a very stimulating read. Adapted from the source document.
Nakon višestoljetnoga zajedničkog života u okviru istovjetnih društvenih uvjeta i političkih tvorevina, završetkom ratnih razračunavanja s kraja 17. i drugoga desetljeća 18. stoljeća vrgoračko-ljubuški prostor se našao na periferiji dvaju imperijalnih sustava, na granici njihova dodira. Te su činjenice potaknule proces oblikovanja novih prostorno-regionalnih identiteta kod toga istovjetnog etnokulturnog i etnokonfesionalnog korpusa kakvim ih prepoznajemo danas. Vrgoračko-ljubuški prostor jes predratne periferije Osmanskoga Carstva spomenutim ratnim razgraničenjima podijeljen te uklopljen u vojnokrajiški i osmansko-mletački sustav nastavljajući tako kompleksan historijsko-geografski razvitak s obiju strana granica. ; After several centuries of living together under identical social circumstances and within the same political entities, at the end of war conflicts in the late 17th century and the second decade of the 18th century, the Vrgorac-Ljubuški area found itself on the periphery of two imperial systems, at the very border between them. These circumstances triggered the process of shaping new regional identities, as we know them today, within this unified ethno-cultural and ethno-confessional corps. The Vrgorac-Ljubuški area, pre-war periphery of the Ottoman Empire, was thus divided according to the aforementioned war demarcations and fitted into the Military Border, Ottoman, and Venetian space, continuing its complex historical and geographic development on both sides of the border.
