Suchergebnisse

The transspecies can be defined as men and women who do not identify themselves as human beings, feel that they are trapped in bodies that do not belong to them, and reconfigure their sex, gender, and identity in favor of fighting in social, political, and legal spaces. In this way, this article aims to investigate the discussions that have been taking place for a few decades in different academic disciplines and forms of artistic and cultural representation on the definition of transspecies. It is important to state that this article is the result of a documentary investigation through a bibliographic review on the subject where seven hegemonic typologies were found that speak and understand the transspecies in different ways. Likewise, the writing adds one more typology on the transspecies, —in the understanding that in the documentary review it was the one on which the least information was found—. This does not mean that there is no bibliography on the subject, rather it means that it is scarce and that in the investigation for this article the positions on transspecies were limited to being synonyms of cyborgs, hybrids, posthumanists, transhumanists, or zoosexuals. In conclusion, seven hegemonic typologies could be identified: the literary, technological, artistic, legal, ethological, sociological, and psychoanalytical conception, and finally, the conception about which the least information was found, which is the transition from the human to the non-human animal, in this trans-species conception, men and women do not identify themselves as human beings, but as an animal species. ; Lo transespecie puede ser definido como hombres y mujeres que no se identifican como seres humanos, sienten que están atrapados en cuerpos que no les pertenece, reconfigurando su sexo, género e identidad en pro de dar una lucha en espacios sociales, políticos y jurídicos. De esta manera, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo indagar sobre las discusiones que se han venido dando desde hace unas décadas en diferentes ...

People's concerns about the use of non-human animals in food production and other products has increased during the last years. However, we can find relevant asymmetric information in this field which is an obstacle to transmit this information in order to take the right ethic decisions in terms of consumption. Driven by consumer's demands both industry and legislator have recognized the need to adapt the norms in the area of animal welfare and also the use of labeling in products of non human animal origin. We can find various examples in Comparative Law. In Chile, a serious discussion hasn't been posed yet as to the need to move forward improving the quality of information in this subject. As a result of the above mentioned the current paper aims to lay the foundation of this discussion and at the same time outline alternatives to move towards the labeling of products of non human animal origin. To this effect, we will review the different existing labeling models and the regulatory alignments adopted in comparative law, and then analyze the current regulatory framework in our country where labeling of non-human animal products regulation could be established. ; La preocupación por la utilización de animales no humanos en la producción de alimentos y otros productos se ha acrecentado durante los últimos años. No obstante, en la materia existen importantes asimetrías de información que obstaculizan la entrega de información para la toma de decisiones de consumo éticas. Impulsados por las exigencias de los consumidores, tanto la industria como el regulador han ido reconociendo la necesidad de adaptar la normativa en materia de bienestar animal y etiquetado en productos de origen animal; de lo cual podemos encontrar una serie de ejemplos en el Derecho comparado. En Chile no se ha planteado aún una discusión seria acerca de la necesidad de avanzar hacia el mejoramiento en la calidad de la información en esta materia. Por lo anterior, el presente trabajo pretende sentar las bases de dicha discusión y esbozar ...

Introduction. Currently, assessments performed on establishments where nonhuman primates (NHP) are captive are partial and their compliance is limited. At the international level, assessment instruments have been applied to zoos in a comprehensive way and just some of them have been published in scientific journals. Objective. In order to assess the animal welfare (AW), public health (PH) and environmental health (EH) in nonhuman primates (NHP) in captivity, an instrument, which could be useful as an indicator of compliance of the different assumptions evaluated, was designed. Materials and methods. For the design of this instrument the following aspects, stated in the Official Mexican Standards and in the legislation on the matter in our country, were considered: indicators of success, quality standards in shelters and assumptions about AW, PH and EH. The instrument consists of 38 items for AW, 47 for PH and 16 for EH, the measuring scale of the degree of compliance for each of the assumptions evaluated was: high, medium, low and non-existent, according to the scores obtained. The instrument was applied to a total of 63 NHP of different species in three establishments located in the State of México. Results. The instrument presented substantial agreement between establishments, resulting in Kappa index: K = 0.70, K = 0.88 and K = 0.75 for each of the assumptions assessed. Conclusions. The analysis of results in the three establishments allowed the issuing of a series of recommendations for each organization. Finally, the validated instrument was applied in the CIVS in Bacalar. Parque Loro, Puebla, had the best score in the three categories assessed, followed by the CIVS Bacalar and the last one being Zacango Zoo.

At the end of the sixties, and as a response to the demands of the "modern environmental movement," the "greening of human rights" started by acknowledging that, in order to fully enjoy them, a healthy environment was essential. Under this perspective, a healthy environment was recognized as a human right and legislative bodies were set up to protect it. However, being structured from an anthropocentric perspective, the limit of such bodies was the human well-being, which therefore gave rise to a state of defenselessness for other living beings and permissive norms that have lead to harming the environment. In response to the above, and from a biocentric perspective, an attempt has been made to come up with a new paradigm for truly protecting other elements of nature, whereby they deserve to be respected for the simple fact of existing. Under this context, the victimizations resulting from environmental damage should be understood from a holistic perspective that includes caring for human and non-human victims and guaranteeing well-being, health and life as a whole. Our research group has developed a framework for studying this scenario, which we have named "Total Health". We have launched exploratory projects for providing Total Health care at contaminated sites. The main characteristics of this approach and the first results are presented in this article. Likewise, the central aspects of a bill that we sent to the local congress are also discussed herein. ; A finales de los años sesenta como respuesta a las exigencias del "movimiento ambientalista moderno", comenzó la "ecologización de los derechos humanos" mediante el reconocimiento de que, para el pleno disfrute de estos, especialmente a la vida y a la salud, es imprescindible un ambiente saludable. Bajo esta perspectiva, se reconoció el ambiente sano como un derecho humano y surgieron cuerpos legislativos para su protección. Sin embargo, el límite de estos ha sido la salvaguarda del bienestar humano, lo cual ha generado de manera simultánea un estado de indefensión para otros seres vivos y normas permisivas que han motivado la laceración del ambiente. En respuesta a lo anterior, y a partir de una óptica biocéntrica, se ha intentado construir un nuevo paradigma para la protección genuina de otros componentes de la Naturaleza, en el que, por el simple hecho de existir, merecen ser respetados. En este tenor, las victimizaciones resultantes de daños ambientales deben ser entendidas desde una perspectiva holística, que incluye la atención de víctimas humanas y no humanas, garantizando el bienestar, la salud y la vida toda. Ante esta perspectiva creamos un esquema de trabajo al que hemos denominado Salud Total. Este grupo de investigación ha iniciado proyectos exploratorios para la atención de la Salud Total en sitios contaminados. Las principales características de esta aproximación y los primeros resultados se presentan en el artículo. Asimismo, se incluyen los principales aspectos de una propuesta de Ley que se envió al Congreso Local. ; No final dos anos sessenta, em resposta às solicitações do "movimento ambiental moderno", teve início a "ecologização dos direitos humanos" mediante o reconhecimento de que para o pleno gozo destes direitos, principalmente à vida e à saúde, é essencial um ambiente saudável. Nesta perspectiva, reconhece-se o meio ambiente saudável como um direito humano e surgiu um edifício legislativo para a proteção do meio ambiente. No entanto, este foi sendo construído numa perspectiva antropocêntrica, onde o limite dessa proteção é o bem-estar e os interesses humanos, resultando num estado de desamparo para outros seres vivos e em normas permissivas para a degradação do meio ambiente. Em resposta ao anterior, e numa perspectiva biocêntrica, foi feita uma tentativa de construir um novo paradigma de proteção genuína de outros componentes da natureza, no qual, devido ao simples fato de existirem, estes merecem ser respeitados. Assim, as vitimizações resultantes de danos ambientais devem ser entendidas sob uma perspectiva holística, incluindo a atenção de vítimas humanas e não humanas, garantindo o bem-estar, saúde e vida como um todo. Neste contexto foi criado um esquema de trabalho denominado Saúde Total. Este grupo de investigação iniciou projectos exploratórios de assistência à Saúde Total em locais contaminados. As principais características desta abordagem e os primeiros resultados são apresentados neste artigo. Além disso, incluem-se os aspectos centrais de uma proposta de Lei enviada ao Congresso Local.

This article shows that the idea of an "unenhanced humanness", which defined Walter Benjamin's concept of the political in the early 1920s, is surreptitiously continued in what, in the preparatory notes to his essay about Karl Kraus of 1931, he calls"real humanism of the non-human". The discrepancies that Benjamin establishes in each case with the famous Friedrich Nietzsche's notion of Übermensch will be the common thread that links both moments. From this, it is shown how a singular politicsof the (post)human emerges in Benjamin's writings. ; El presente artículo se propone mostrar que la idea de una "humaneidad no-incrementada", que define el concepto de lo político de Walter Benjamin a principios de la década de 1920, se continúa subrepticiamente en lo que, en los apuntes preparatorios a su ensayo sobre Karl Kraus de 1931, llama "humanismo real de lo no-humano". Las discrepancias que en cada caso Benjamin establece con la célebre noción de Übermensch acuñada por Friedrich Nietzsche será el hilo conductor que permite vincular ambos momentos. A partir de ello, se muestra cómo emerge en los escritos de Benjamin una singular política de lo (post)humano.

The article presented shows the result of an archive investigation that shows the importance of linking non- human actors to the analysis of the technologies of political transition. This is done by presenting a theoretical framework and a methodological reflection that allows us to think about the relevance of the network actor theory. In the same way, a cartography of political transitions and its legal correlation (transitional justice) is presented to expose a typology of non-human actors. Finally, the relationships between the Colombian transition situation, embodied in the CHCV (Historical Commission of the Conflict and its Victims) and the non-human actors are traced. ; El artículo que se presenta a continuación expone el resultado de una investigación de archivo que muestra la importancia de vincular al análisis de las tecnologías de la transición política los actores no humanos. Esto se hace presentando un marco teórico y una reflexión metodológica que permite pensar en la relevancia de la teoría del actor red. De la misma forma se presenta una cartografía de las transiciones políticas y su correlato jurídico (la justicia transicional) en orden a exponer una tipología de actores no humanos. Por último, se trazan las relaciones entre la coyuntura colombiana de transición, corporizada en la CHCV (Comisión Histórica del Conflicto y sus Víctimas) y los actores no humanos.

Although the Chaco war between Paraguay and Bolivia (1932-1935) was an international conflict, at the core of the boreal Chaco area it was a war of occupation. Invisible for a long time, the indigenous situation at the moment of the conflict has recently surfaced in papers that problematize the historiographic approaches of the war. This paper analyses the Qom memories about the Chaco war emphasizing the participation of shamans and non-human beings. The narratives presented by the Qom People allow us to go in depth into a war in which shamanic powers provided subsistence to Paraguayan soldiers, tore down Bolivian planes and made their weapons not to work. This analysis shows the Qom situation at the moment of the war, informs about ways of making politics and history all together with the cosmos, and allows the comparison between the war experiences of Qom communities that nowadays inhabit Paraguay as well as Argentina. ; La Guerra del Chaco entre Paraguay y Bolivia (1932-1935) si bien fue un conflicto internacional, dentro del Chaco Boreal ofició como una guerra de ocupación. Invisibilizada por largo tiempo, la situación indígena al momento de la contienda afloró en los últimos años en trabajos que problematizan los abordajes historiográficos sobre la guerra. Este artículo analiza las memorias qom de la Guerra del Chaco enfatizando la participación de los chamanes y las personas no-humanas en la misma. Las narrativas que los qom presentan permiten adentrarnos en una guerra en la que los poderes chamánicos proveyeron subsistencia a los soldados paraguayos, derribaron aviones bolivianos e hicieron que sus armas no funcionasen. Lo presentado constata así la situación qom al momento de la guerra e informa sobre maneras de hacer política y construir historia en conjunto con el cosmos. Asimismo, permite comparar la experiencia de la guerra de grupos qom que habitan tanto en Paraguay como en Argentina.

The question about the relationship between non-human agents and the novel as a genre denes current debates about literatura and its relationship with the Anthropocene (Ghosh and Nixon, for example.) This article argues that this relationship must be thought fundamentally around the notions of temporality and scale as critical tools to describe the ways in which the novel, putting in tension its own generic matrices, opens up to perspectives, actants, and processes irreducible to the norm of the human. The narrative of Colombian writer Juan Cárdenas offers formal models that allow us to analyze the relationship with the non-human in the contemporary novel. His focus on processes of natural extraction, and his work on silenced memories of Colombian and Latin American culture, allow him to explore narrative forms that harbor the non-human in their own temporalities. is investigation, at the same time, illuminates new terrain for a politics of literature that opens it to new imaginaries of the collective. ; La pregunta por la relación entre los agentes no-humanos y la novela como género dene muchos debates en torno a la literatura y su relación con el llamado Antropoceno (Ghosh y Nixon, por ejemplo). El presente artículo argumenta que esa relación debe pensarse fundamentalmente alrededor de las nociones de temporalidad y escala como herramientas que sirven para describir los modos en que la novela, poniendo en tensión sus propias matrices genéricas, se abre a perspectivas, actantes y procesos irreductibles a la medida de lo humano. La narrativa del escritor colombiano Juan Cárdenas trabaja experimentos formales que permiten iluminar de manera expansiva la relación con lo no-humano en la novela contemporánea. Su foco en los procesos de extracción natural, y su trabajo sobre las memorias silenciadas de la cultura colombiana y latinoamericana exploran formas narrativas que albergan lo no-humano en temporalidades propias. Tal investigación, por eso mismo, ilumina nuevos terrenos para una política de la literatura que, trabajando sobre archivos genéricos, la abre a nuevos imaginarios de lo colectivo.

Although the Chaco war between Paraguay and Bolivia (1932-1935) was an international conflict, at the core of the boreal Chaco area it was a war of occupation. Invisible for a long time, the indigenous situation at the moment of the conflict has recently surfaced in papers that problematize the historiographic approaches of the war. This paper analyses the Qom memories about the Chaco war emphasizing the participation of shamans and non-human beings. The narratives presented by the Qom People allow us to go in depth into a war in which shamanic powers provided subsistence to Paraguayan soldiers, tore down Bolivian planes and made their weapons not to work. This analysis shows the Qom situation at the moment of the war, informs about ways of making politics and history all together with the cosmos, and allows the comparison between the war experiences of Qom communities that nowadays inhabit Paraguay as well as Argentina. ; La Guerra del Chaco entre Paraguay y Bolivia (1932-1935) si bien fue un conflicto internacional, dentro del Chaco Boreal ofició como una guerra de ocupación. Invisibilizada por largo tiempo, la situación indígena al momento de la contienda afloró en los últimos años en trabajos que problematizan los abordajes historiográficos sobre la guerra. Este artículo analiza las memorias qom de la Guerra del Chaco enfatizando la participación de los chamanes y las personas no-humanas en la misma. Las narrativas que los qom presentan permiten adentrarnos en una guerra en la que los poderes chamánicos proveyeron subsistencia a los soldados paraguayos, derribaron aviones bolivianos e hicieron que sus armas no funcionasen. Lo presentado constata así la situación qom al momento de la guerra e informa sobre maneras de hacer política y construir historia en conjunto con el cosmos. Asimismo, permite comparar la experiencia de la guerra de grupos qom que habitan tanto en Paraguay como en Argentina.

Animal ethics has reached a new phase with the development of animal ethical thinking. Topics and problems previously discussed in terms of moral theories and ethical concepts are now being reformulated in terms of political theory and political action. This constitutes a paradigm shift for Animal Ethics. It indicates the transition from a field focused on relations between individuals (humans and animals) to a new viewpoint that incorporates the political dimensions of the relationships between human communities and non-human animals. Animals are no longer seen as a heterogeneous group of sentient beings or simply as species, but as part of a common good that is simultaneously human and animal. In order to participate in this new phase, bioethics will have to face a series of challenges that have hindered the integration of animal ethics within its field. It will also need the development of a new theoretical framework based on relations between communities of individuals. This framework will be able to highlight the ethical and political dimensions that arise from interactions between human communities, non-human animals and the ecosystem. ; Las éticas animales se encuentran en una nueva fase del desarrollo del pensamiento ético animal. Los temas y problemas que antes se barajaban principalmente en términos de teorías, conceptos y paradigmas éticos están siendo reformulados en perspectivas y acercamientos propios de la teoría y la acción políticas. Se trata de la transición de una visión de la ética como una disciplina centrada en las relaciones entre individuos (humanos y animales) a otra que añade una dimensión social y política de las relaciones entre las comunidades humanas y los animales no humanos. En ella, éstos ya no son vistos sólo como un colectivo heterogéneo de seres vivos (sintientes o conscientes) o como especies, sino como parte de un bien común que es al mismo tiempo humano y animal. Para poder participar de esta nueva fase e incorporar la discusión de esta temática, la bioética debe afrontar una serie de problemas que han dificultado la integración de las éticas animales en su seno. Para ello es necesario el desarrollo de un nuevo marco de análisis relacional y comunitario, capaz de poner de manifiesto la dimensión política de los problemas que surgen de las relaciones entre las comunidades humanas, los animales no humanos y el ecosistema.

This visual essay is a series created by Christian Proaño. In his works, sound is always understood from a political agency that traverses social relations, from the readings of space, the affections, the human and the non-human. The resolution of this essay goes through the sound record, but also through the creation of visual elements that are extracted from the interpretation of sound. ; Este ensayo visual es una serie creada por Christian Proaño. En sus obras, el sonido se entiende siempre desde una agencia política que atraviesa las relaciones sociales, desde las lecturas del espacio, los afectos, lo humano y lo no humano. La resolución de este ensayo pasa por el registro sonoro, pero también por la creación de elementos visuales que se extraen de la interpretación del sonido.

Over the last few years a lot of research work has focused on establishing the outline of a mode of social existence of objects in order to escape the dual naturalist and constructivist pitfall. On this basis, we show how it is possible to renew action and actor theories. We notably suggest that an actor should be given an ordinary sense of objectiveness, which takes into account their possibility to engage within a wide range of object relations. In the second part, we review several tools used to analyze a "collective", the term forged by B. Latour to refer to the social world as extended to the non-humans making it up. We underline the political dimension embedded in each assembly of persons and objects identified in this way. ; En los últimos años, numerosos trabajos se han esforzado por establecer los contornos de un modo de existencia social de los objetos que escapan al doble obstáculo naturalista y constructivista. Sobre esta base, mostramos cómo es posible renovar las teorías de la acción y del actor. Sobre todo, sugerimos que conviene dotar al actor de un sentido ordinario de la objetividad que dé cuenta de sus posibilidades de compromiso en una amplia gama de relaciones con los objetos. En la segunda parte, revisamos algunas herramientas de análisis del "colectivo", término forjado por Bruno Latour para designar lo social extendido a los no-humanos que lo componen. Mostramos la dimensión política que oculta cada uno de los ensamblajes de personas y objetos así identificados.