Suchergebnisse

The results of the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) did not remove the tensions between Poland and the Teutonic Order. A new conflict emerged at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries, as the Teutonic Order sought to get rid of the Polish king's protection of the Order's dominions in Prussia, established under the terms of the Peace of Thorn (Toruń), some of which were not met at all. The article examines several historical sources prepared for the eventual war in Prussia and published a long ago. These are the Military Regulations (Kriegsordnung) of 1507, and two lists of property owners of the Memel (Klaipėda) Command (Komturei) who were to perform their military obligations, dated by previous research to around 1500 or 1510–1520. The connection between these documents has not so far been examined, although the author of the article assumed the existence of a connection a dozen years ago. The author examines this connection in detail, by discussing the emergence of these documents and the efforts of their initiators to adapt innovations in the organisation of defence borrowed from the Holy Roman Empire to the practices of the Teutonic Order. By examining the content of the sources and the statistical information they provide, the article raises a separate question: to what extent do the statistics generated by these sources make it possible to get details about land ownership in Prussia in the early 16th century.

The results of the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) did not remove the tensions between Poland and the Teutonic Order. A new conflict emerged at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries, as the Teutonic Order sought to get rid of the Polish king's protection of the Order's dominions in Prussia, established under the terms of the Peace of Thorn (Toruń), some of which were not met at all. The article examines several historical sources prepared for the eventual war in Prussia and published a long ago. These are the Military Regulations (Kriegsordnung) of 1507, and two lists of property owners of the Memel (Klaipėda) Command (Komturei) who were to perform their military obligations, dated by previous research to around 1500 or 1510–1520. The connection between these documents has not so far been examined, although the author of the article assumed the existence of a connection a dozen years ago. The author examines this connection in detail, by discussing the emergence of these documents and the efforts of their initiators to adapt innovations in the organisation of defence borrowed from the Holy Roman Empire to the practices of the Teutonic Order. By examining the content of the sources and the statistical information they provide, the article raises a separate question: to what extent do the statistics generated by these sources make it possible to get details about land ownership in Prussia in the early 16th century.

The Influence of Scandals on Autonomy, Control and Management of Public Sector Organisations: the Case Study of the Emergency Response Centre The case history of preceding studies fails to provide sufficient guidance for public sector organizations on their desirable behaviour after a fiasco or a scandal, which is related to the activities of that organization. It has not been examined whether this impacts the level of autonomy and control at the organisation or management improvement opportunities. The methodology applied herein, allows for research analysis of a wide range of public sector organizations and their post-scandal behaviour. This paper analyses the behaviour of the Emergency Response Centre (ERC) after the scandalous tragedy at Dembava, when a 17 year-old girl was raped and burned alive. Massive search was conducted by the police force, but the girl was not found in time. In a situation like this, the organization could have tried to deny its fault, to simulate activities in order to conceal the scandal or try to otherwise avoid responsibility. Thus, the organization's repute and its forthcoming goals might have been put under serious threat. The data collected herein allowed establishing that the ERC, which was being applied strict regulations, was acting reasonably and managed to maintain a higher autonomy level of strategic management of staff than it was before the aforementioned tragedy. Not only has this event caused difficulties for the ERC, but it has also allowed the organisation to implement the goals and measures, which had been established previously due to increased attention from politicians and the controlling organisation.

The Influence of Scandals on Autonomy, Control and Management of Public Sector Organisations: the Case Study of the Emergency Response Centre The case history of preceding studies fails to provide sufficient guidance for public sector organizations on their desirable behaviour after a fiasco or a scandal, which is related to the activities of that organization. It has not been examined whether this impacts the level of autonomy and control at the organisation or management improvement opportunities. The methodology applied herein, allows for research analysis of a wide range of public sector organizations and their post-scandal behaviour. This paper analyses the behaviour of the Emergency Response Centre (ERC) after the scandalous tragedy at Dembava, when a 17 year-old girl was raped and burned alive. Massive search was conducted by the police force, but the girl was not found in time. In a situation like this, the organization could have tried to deny its fault, to simulate activities in order to conceal the scandal or try to otherwise avoid responsibility. Thus, the organization's repute and its forthcoming goals might have been put under serious threat. The data collected herein allowed establishing that the ERC, which was being applied strict regulations, was acting reasonably and managed to maintain a higher autonomy level of strategic management of staff than it was before the aforementioned tragedy. Not only has this event caused difficulties for the ERC, but it has also allowed the organisation to implement the goals and measures, which had been established previously due to increased attention from politicians and the controlling organisation.

The Influence of Scandals on Autonomy, Control and Management of Public Sector Organisations: the Case Study of the Emergency Response Centre The case history of preceding studies fails to provide sufficient guidance for public sector organizations on their desirable behaviour after a fiasco or a scandal, which is related to the activities of that organization. It has not been examined whether this impacts the level of autonomy and control at the organisation or management improvement opportunities. The methodology applied herein, allows for research analysis of a wide range of public sector organizations and their post-scandal behaviour. This paper analyses the behaviour of the Emergency Response Centre (ERC) after the scandalous tragedy at Dembava, when a 17 year-old girl was raped and burned alive. Massive search was conducted by the police force, but the girl was not found in time. In a situation like this, the organization could have tried to deny its fault, to simulate activities in order to conceal the scandal or try to otherwise avoid responsibility. Thus, the organization's repute and its forthcoming goals might have been put under serious threat. The data collected herein allowed establishing that the ERC, which was being applied strict regulations, was acting reasonably and managed to maintain a higher autonomy level of strategic management of staff than it was before the aforementioned tragedy. Not only has this event caused difficulties for the ERC, but it has also allowed the organisation to implement the goals and measures, which had been established previously due to increased attention from politicians and the controlling organisation.

The Influence of Scandals on Autonomy, Control and Management of Public Sector Organisations: the Case Study of the Emergency Response Centre The case history of preceding studies fails to provide sufficient guidance for public sector organizations on their desirable behaviour after a fiasco or a scandal, which is related to the activities of that organization. It has not been examined whether this impacts the level of autonomy and control at the organisation or management improvement opportunities. The methodology applied herein, allows for research analysis of a wide range of public sector organizations and their post-scandal behaviour. This paper analyses the behaviour of the Emergency Response Centre (ERC) after the scandalous tragedy at Dembava, when a 17 year-old girl was raped and burned alive. Massive search was conducted by the police force, but the girl was not found in time. In a situation like this, the organization could have tried to deny its fault, to simulate activities in order to conceal the scandal or try to otherwise avoid responsibility. Thus, the organization's repute and its forthcoming goals might have been put under serious threat. The data collected herein allowed establishing that the ERC, which was being applied strict regulations, was acting reasonably and managed to maintain a higher autonomy level of strategic management of staff than it was before the aforementioned tragedy. Not only has this event caused difficulties for the ERC, but it has also allowed the organisation to implement the goals and measures, which had been established previously due to increased attention from politicians and the controlling organisation.

Migration processes are one of the main features of nowadays society. It is very important to integrate immigrants into working places (organizations) successfully. There are discussed migration theories, analyzed intercultural interaction and cultural shock and explored the model of immigrants integration in the first part of this Thesis. There are examined immigration tendencies in European Union, emigration tendencies in Lithuania and juridical regulation of migration in the second part of Thesis. There are discussed the methodology of the research, compared foreigners' juridical position's in Lithuania and France juridical regulation, explored the factors of immigrants integration in Lithuania and France in the third part of Thesis. The research accomplished in Master's Thesis helped to identify the factors, which relieve and (or) destroy integration in organizations of Lithuania and France. There are given conclusions and suggestions in the end of Thesis

Migration processes are one of the main features of nowadays society. It is very important to integrate immigrants into working places (organizations) successfully. There are discussed migration theories, analyzed intercultural interaction and cultural shock and explored the model of immigrants integration in the first part of this Thesis. There are examined immigration tendencies in European Union, emigration tendencies in Lithuania and juridical regulation of migration in the second part of Thesis. There are discussed the methodology of the research, compared foreigners' juridical position's in Lithuania and France juridical regulation, explored the factors of immigrants integration in Lithuania and France in the third part of Thesis. The research accomplished in Master's Thesis helped to identify the factors, which relieve and (or) destroy integration in organizations of Lithuania and France. There are given conclusions and suggestions in the end of Thesis

The dissertation analyses the impact of the internal market freedoms and competition rules of the European Union on the organisation and regulation of the Lithuanian system of health protection. Under the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, the Member States are primarily responsible for the organisation and delivery of health services and medical care. The EU competence in the field of public health is only supportive. However, over the years, the Court of Justice of the EU has developed a body of case law applying the EU internal market freedoms and competition rules in this field. The dissertation examines how the EU internal market freedoms and competition rules have affected the organisation and regulation of the Lithuanian system of health protection: what specific subjective rights have been granted to private individuals due to the operation of these provisions of EU law ('individual v public authority' level), as well as what other changes in the regulation of the system are driven by these provisions. Having identified this specific legal impact of the provisions of EU law, the dissertation further assesses whether Lithuania's competence to organise and regulate its system of health protection has as a result been restricted (the EU level v the national level). In order to answer the questions raised in the dissertation, the case law in the field of public health of the EU courts, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania and documents of other EU and Lithuanian authorities are analysed in detail.

The dissertation analyses the impact of the internal market freedoms and competition rules of the European Union on the organisation and regulation of the Lithuanian system of health protection. Under the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, the Member States are primarily responsible for the organisation and delivery of health services and medical care. The EU competence in the field of public health is only supportive. However, over the years, the Court of Justice of the EU has developed a body of case law applying the EU internal market freedoms and competition rules in this field. The dissertation examines how the EU internal market freedoms and competition rules have affected the organisation and regulation of the Lithuanian system of health protection: what specific subjective rights have been granted to private individuals due to the operation of these provisions of EU law ('individual v public authority' level), as well as what other changes in the regulation of the system are driven by these provisions. Having identified this specific legal impact of the provisions of EU law, the dissertation further assesses whether Lithuania's competence to organise and regulate its system of health protection has as a result been restricted (the EU level v the national level). In order to answer the questions raised in the dissertation, the case law in the field of public health of the EU courts, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania and documents of other EU and Lithuanian authorities are analysed in detail.

The dissertation analyses the impact of the internal market freedoms and competition rules of the European Union on the organisation and regulation of the Lithuanian system of health protection. Under the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, the Member States are primarily responsible for the organisation and delivery of health services and medical care. The EU competence in the field of public health is only supportive. However, over the years, the Court of Justice of the EU has developed a body of case law applying the EU internal market freedoms and competition rules in this field. The dissertation examines how the EU internal market freedoms and competition rules have affected the organisation and regulation of the Lithuanian system of health protection: what specific subjective rights have been granted to private individuals due to the operation of these provisions of EU law ('individual v public authority' level), as well as what other changes in the regulation of the system are driven by these provisions. Having identified this specific legal impact of the provisions of EU law, the dissertation further assesses whether Lithuania's competence to organise and regulate its system of health protection has as a result been restricted (the EU level v the national level). In order to answer the questions raised in the dissertation, the case law in the field of public health of the EU courts, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania and documents of other EU and Lithuanian authorities are analysed in detail.

The dissertation analyses the impact of the internal market freedoms and competition rules of the European Union on the organisation and regulation of the Lithuanian system of health protection. Under the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, the Member States are primarily responsible for the organisation and delivery of health services and medical care. The EU competence in the field of public health is only supportive. However, over the years, the Court of Justice of the EU has developed a body of case law applying the EU internal market freedoms and competition rules in this field. The dissertation examines how the EU internal market freedoms and competition rules have affected the organisation and regulation of the Lithuanian system of health protection: what specific subjective rights have been granted to private individuals due to the operation of these provisions of EU law ('individual v public authority' level), as well as what other changes in the regulation of the system are driven by these provisions. Having identified this specific legal impact of the provisions of EU law, the dissertation further assesses whether Lithuania's competence to organise and regulate its system of health protection has as a result been restricted (the EU level v the national level). In order to answer the questions raised in the dissertation, the case law in the field of public health of the EU courts, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania and documents of other EU and Lithuanian authorities are analysed in detail.

Research objective: to establish value orientations of employees of different organisation types (schools, business organisations, political organisations) and their coherence with subjectively comprehensible transformation leadership style. 184 employees from different organisations participated in the research: from which 57,6 % were women and 42,4 % men. Research sample was constituted of employees from 3 organisation types: 28,3 %. of employees were from political, 23,4 % from educational and 48,4 % from business organisations. Age range of the subjects differentiated from 19 till 70. The research was conducted by survey in written from. M.Rokeach (1973) value orientation assessment methodology was used in order to establish value orientation of the employees. Terminal value scale which examines only fundamental things (things that are pursued as terminal goals in life) alone was used in the research. GTL – Global transformation leadership scale was used to determine wether the employees rate their managers leadership style as transformation leadership – this scale was adapted for use in Lithuania in 2009 (the adaption authors are A.Stelmokienė and A.Endriulaitienė). The results of the research showed that employees from political and educational organisations may be characterizes as having higher spiritual values and employees from business organisations were concentrated more on material values. The employees from business and educational organisations assessed leadership style of their superiors similarly and, on the contrary, the employees from political organisations assessed leadership style of their superiors as transformation leadership. Value orientation of employees from political and educational organisations significantly cohere with subjectively comprehensible transformation leadership style of their superiors, and value orientation of the employees from business organisations doesn't cohere with subjectively comprehensible transformation leadership style of their superiors.

Research objective: to establish value orientations of employees of different organisation types (schools, business organisations, political organisations) and their coherence with subjectively comprehensible transformation leadership style. 184 employees from different organisations participated in the research: from which 57,6 % were women and 42,4 % men. Research sample was constituted of employees from 3 organisation types: 28,3 %. of employees were from political, 23,4 % from educational and 48,4 % from business organisations. Age range of the subjects differentiated from 19 till 70. The research was conducted by survey in written from. M.Rokeach (1973) value orientation assessment methodology was used in order to establish value orientation of the employees. Terminal value scale which examines only fundamental things (things that are pursued as terminal goals in life) alone was used in the research. GTL – Global transformation leadership scale was used to determine wether the employees rate their managers leadership style as transformation leadership – this scale was adapted for use in Lithuania in 2009 (the adaption authors are A.Stelmokienė and A.Endriulaitienė). The results of the research showed that employees from political and educational organisations may be characterizes as having higher spiritual values and employees from business organisations were concentrated more on material values. The employees from business and educational organisations assessed leadership style of their superiors similarly and, on the contrary, the employees from political organisations assessed leadership style of their superiors as transformation leadership. Value orientation of employees from political and educational organisations significantly cohere with subjectively comprehensible transformation leadership style of their superiors, and value orientation of the employees from business organisations doesn't cohere with subjectively comprehensible transformation leadership style of their superiors.

Research objective: to establish value orientations of employees of different organisation types (schools, business organisations, political organisations) and their coherence with subjectively comprehensible transformation leadership style. 184 employees from different organisations participated in the research: from which 57,6 % were women and 42,4 % men. Research sample was constituted of employees from 3 organisation types: 28,3 %. of employees were from political, 23,4 % from educational and 48,4 % from business organisations. Age range of the subjects differentiated from 19 till 70. The research was conducted by survey in written from. M.Rokeach (1973) value orientation assessment methodology was used in order to establish value orientation of the employees. Terminal value scale which examines only fundamental things (things that are pursued as terminal goals in life) alone was used in the research. GTL – Global transformation leadership scale was used to determine wether the employees rate their managers leadership style as transformation leadership – this scale was adapted for use in Lithuania in 2009 (the adaption authors are A.Stelmokienė and A.Endriulaitienė). The results of the research showed that employees from political and educational organisations may be characterizes as having higher spiritual values and employees from business organisations were concentrated more on material values. The employees from business and educational organisations assessed leadership style of their superiors similarly and, on the contrary, the employees from political organisations assessed leadership style of their superiors as transformation leadership. Value orientation of employees from political and educational organisations significantly cohere with subjectively comprehensible transformation leadership style of their superiors, and value orientation of the employees from business organisations doesn't cohere with subjectively comprehensible transformation leadership style of their superiors.