Охарактеризовано основні компоненти політики безпеки Австралії наприкінці ХХ - на початку ХХ ст. Висвітлено діяльність цієї держави, спрямовану на зміцнення її військового потенціалу, роль Австралії у врегулюванні конфліктогенних ситуацій у Східному Тиморі, Папуа-Новій Гвінеї і на Соломонових Островах. Розглянуто відносини Австралії та США у сфері безпеки, їхню роль і занчення для обох країн.Ключові слова: Австралія, безпека, миротворчість, Азіатсько-Тихоокеанський регіон, Східний Тимор, Папуа-Нова Гвінея, Соломонові Острови, австралійсько-американські відносини.The main components of Australian security policy at the end of the 20th and at the beginning of the21st century are characterized. The activity of this state in order to reinforce its army and politicalpotential is researched. The role of Australia in settlement conflict situations in East Timor, Papua NewGuinea and on Solomon Islands is discussed. The Australian-American relations in security sphere, theirrole and importance for both countries are found out in this article.Key words: Australia, security, peacekeeping, Asia-Pacific region, East Timor, Papua New Guinea,Solomon Islands, Australian-American relations.
The article analyzes the trends of the development of contemporary journalistic investigation in the context of the new media development. The methodology for researching the topic of the paper includes such methods: analysis, generalization, classification, comparison. The study results in the statement that the journalistic investigation is a synthetic genre, because of combining the elements of interviewing, analysis, synthesis, chronicle, reporting. The main purpose of the investigative journalist is to provide the community with facts that are important but not well-researched, social, political, and economic issues that have not previously been made public and can affect a large number of people. The process of transforming the journalistic investigation takes place through a multimedia platform and contemporary forms of information provision. Journalists of "Bigus. Info" are outside of the traditional media and provide information to interact with interactive maps, video evidence, long rides and thus increase the audience. Multimedia is a prerequisite for the promotion of the original content of «Bigus. Info». Also it contributes to a wide resonance. The fact of setting material in social networks as well as blogs contributes to its personalization, and gives the reader the opportunity not only to follow the course of events and their results, but also to suggest the topic itself for investigation. The scientific novelty is in the fact that multimedia platforms help journalists make their research more interactive. The practical significance is implemented in the possibility to consider the peculiarities of the genre of journalistic investigation in the conditions of modern technology development.
Introduction. The new regionalism paradigm formation in Ukraine requires further research and substantiation of its theoretical and methodological principles, including the establishment of the classification features of the new regionalism.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to establish the classification features of the new regionalism; for this purpose, various scholars clarified the classification features of regionalism and the reasons for the emergence of a new regionalism were identified.Methods. In order to find out the classification features of the new regionalism, general scientific methods of research and special methods of scientific knowledge were used, namely dialectical, monographic, analysis and synthesis, as well as a systematic approach.Results. The article clarifies the classification features of regionalism. It was established that E. Harrel considers regionalism at the same time as a certain special relationship of regions with the world economy and as a policy, classifying it divides into five varieties, namely: regionalization, regional awareness and identity, regional intergovernmental cooperation, state regional integration and regional consolidation. B. Hettne, using the macro-approach, sees in regionalism the positioning of the region in the world economy, which in its further development may lead to multi-regionalism in the form of a new structure of the world economy, and considers regionalism from three positions: the measurement of the region, the evaluation of actors, the level of the region. M. Kitting gives a more branched classification of new regionalism, singling out the six main "ideal" forms of regionalism: conservative, "bourgeois", modernist, progressive, populist, and separatist regionalism, which gives a clear idea of regionalism that can be manifested in conservatism and separatism, and also have a "golden mean" in the form of progressive regionalism. The article substantiates the reasons for the emergence of a new regionalism.Originality. Because of the research, further development of the scientific and methodological principles of a new regionalism classification using the system approach, which gave the opportunity to identify the main causes of the emergence of new regionalism.Conclusions. The definition of the classification features of regionalism has made it possible to establish that new regionalism should be viewed not as a process but as a phenomenon and to justify the reasons for the emergence of a new regionalism. The various approaches to the classification of regionalism substantiate the existence of a large number of interpretations of the "regionalism" concept's essence and different views of scholars. It has been established that regionalism must be divided into economic and political regionalism, as well as distinguish between regionalism and new regionalism.
The nature of cooperation regularly changes under pressure from new calls and threats between the actors of international relations. By means of system analysis and comparison methods, the article discloses the basic theoretical approaches to understanding of the "new world order" phenomenon, which as a result turns into a comprehensive globalization. The article summarizes the modern trends of forming the XXI century international reality, taking into account new actors, their influence on stability and variability of the imperious systems, and analyzes in detail the concepts of modern scientists who form an international discourse on the search for a new paradigm of world order. The study identifies the main characteristics of the world order – legitimacy, the mechanism of change and balance of power. The key shortcomings of the post-war world order have been identified, which include the lack of effectiveness of international organizations at various levels in ensuring the principle of sovereignty for states, respect for borders; imbalance of economic growth between nations; lack of effective sanctions against violators of international law and ensuring the universal rights of citizens; discredited democratic political model, which was recognized as dominant in the post-bipolar era, and so on. Accordingly, there were considered modern approaches to a "new world order" formation, as a result of which it was proposed to take into account the new realities of interdependence that determine the future peaceful coexistence of nations – a balance between freedom of national actors action and international law; balance between legitimacy and power; balance between "regional order" and "international". In general, the international discourse on the search for the "new world order" boundaries is common in the construction of the XXI century multipolar world, the importance of consensus between nations and the legitimacy of new rules for all actors in international relations.
A new diagnostic tool has been proposed for use in modern corporations to support a wide range of problems related to the interaction of company staff in solving work tasks. This new development combines the strengths of tools already used in this field, namely, DISC and MBTI.
The tool contains a description of 4 factors and 16 types based on these factors, as well as a questionnaire on 33 questions, which identifies the respondent's affiliation to the type based on the assessment of the result for each of the 4 scales. For the types, practical principles for the transition from the type to its place in the corporate organizational structure have been proposed, as well as the types are associated with commonly known archetypes for their intuitive understanding. An example of an organizational structure consisting of the proposed types has been provided, but at the same time it reflects the typical organizational structure of an economical corporation.
An empirical study of the reliability for new questionnaire in a sample of more than 2,300 respondents from the Internet search engines users has been conducted. Sufficient levels (> 0.7) of Cronbach's alpha and MacDonald's omega are shown in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for each of the factors. The factors independence is shown as well. The proposed scales are also compared with the scales of methods for assessing emotional intelligence and creativity.
Thus, the proposed typology is designed to solve a wide range of organizational tasks from building a new organization to optimizing the use of staff in existing project teams, and the work of recruitment and staff development departments.
The paper outlines the current state of the national economy's regional development. By applying the integral indicators presented in the Methods of monitoring and evaluation of implementation of the state regional policy, the author has rated the development of regions and analyzed a gap in their levels of growth. Through the use of methods for identifying depressed areas of the European Union, the level of regional erosion is determined. On that basis, the necessity of overcoming institutional asymmetries that may arise in the process of creating conditions for dynamic and well-balanced development of Ukraine's regions is pointed out. Based on the comparative analysis of foreign practice of crisis management, key approaches to its implementation are described. It is concluded that crisis management is rather searching for opportunities than expecting or forecasting destructive results and finding adaptive solutions.The article describes the essential determinants of regional crisis management, and sets both long-term and short-term goals for crisis management. A particular attention is paid to the necessity of upgrading of management tools and techniques for regional development. It is pointed out that a system of strategic planning of area development should not be based only "on the achieved results", but should take into consideration crisis initiatives of all sectors of economy and forecast built-in stabilizers that will ensure balanced development. In order to stimulate structural reforms aimed at crisis development of areas, it is necessary to use internal and external financial resources. A special emphasis is placed on the potential grant support and contributions from European structural funds.The practical significance of the research lies in the growing importance of institutional framework and organizational support of crisis management of areas, which should be based on a strategic cross-sectoral partnership.The article proves that crisis management of areas should focus on establishing an enabling environment for inclusive development through support of entrepreneurial initiatives and implementation of investment projects aimed at sustainable and innovative growth of areas; creation of employment opportunities, attraction and retention of highly qualified personnel and maintenance of areas' creative capacities.
The subject of progress is the theoretical aspects of progress of ownership of a system of galvanic social and economic progress, effective reform of suspension of business activities. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of power shadow processes of antimodernization development. Methods of research. A set of scientific methods and approaches, including systematic, historical, logical, was applied in the work, which made it possible to provide the conceptual unity of the research. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to counteract the systematic shadowing of power relations, overcoming the development of processes of accelerated development of «autonomous» shadow power as the main shadowing factor of reform. Application of results. The system of sciences from the field of public administration, a wide range of socio–economic sciences with problems of dysfunctional development. Conclusions. The main results of the study and its theoretical results can be summarized as follows: 1) the initial megaproblem of studying the shadowing power mechanisms is the problem of power dysfunctions in Ukraine as a system of slowing down socio–economic progress, effective reform of social relations, power; 2) one of the fundamental aspects of the study is the conclusion that the construction of the theory of shadowing power as a base position requires the development of a special trend, attractor of antimodernization development inherent in the relations of shadowing power, power reform.
The article examines the essence of the concept of respect for human dignity, which has taken a new turn in the context of recent events in the United States and later in Europe (a wave of protests against racism following the death of George Floyd). The author analyzed the consolidation and disclosure of the essence of "respect for human dignity" at the level of international human rights law and the constitutions of some states, including Ukraine. It is mentioned that although this concept played a key role in the post-World War II period as a fundamental principle and source of rights in international human rights law and most national constitutions, it continues to be studied by scholars and international bodies in practical context and meaning. Among the main points of the article is the thesis that dignity is inherent only in man, regardless of external characteristics, everyone should have the right to enjoy their human rights without discrimination or discrimination on the basis of such external characteristics. The article also pays special attention to the response of international human rights bodies (UN Human Rights Council) to US law enforcement abuse of power in the light of the systematic nature of such actions, and focuses on discrimination as a phenomenon that despite the progressiveness of some democracies disappeared from the agenda of the international community. In addition, the author provides an overview of the enshrinement of this concept in the Constitution of Ukraine, as such that can not be violated even in the case of public benefit, and therefore, this right can not be limited even in a state of war or emergency. There is also a direct connection, defined by the Ukrainian legislator, between a person's life and his dignity. In our opinion, this is the most complete approach to understanding the concept of this concept, namely: the very existence of man is inextricably linked with the dignity of such human existence. The rights, dignity and equality of all are vital principles in themselves, and crucial to the resilience and success of every society. ; У статті розглянуто сутність концепції поваги до людської гідності, яка набула нового витку в контексті останніх подій в США та пізніше в Європі (хвиля протестів проти расизму в результаті смерті Джорджа Флойда). Автор проаналізував закріплення та зміст «поваги до людської гідності» на рівні міжнародного права прав людини та конституцій деяких держав, включаючи Україну. Згадано, що, попри те, що ключову роль ця концепція зіграла в період після Другої світової війни як основоположний принцип та джерело прав у міжнародному праві прав людини та більшості національних конституцій, вона продовжується вивчатися науковцями та представниками міжнародних органів у практичному контексті і значенні. Серед основних акцентів статті - тезис про те, що гідність притаманна людині незалежно від зовнішніх характеристик, кожна людина повинна мати право користуватися своїми правами людини, не зазнаючи будь-якої дискримінації чи розрізнення, виходячи з таких зовнішніх характеристик. У статті також приділяється особлива увага відповіді міжнародних органів із прав людини (Рада ООН з прав людини) на перевищення правоохоронними органами США своїх повноважень у світлі саме систематичності таких дій, а також фокусується увага на дискримінації як явищі, яке, попри прогресивність деяких демократій світу, ще не зникло з порядку денного міжнародного співтовариства. Крім того, автор наголошує, що положення Конституції України, які стосуються гідності людини, не можуть бути порушені навіть у випадку загальносуспільної користі, а тому зазначене право не може бути обмежене навіть в умовах воєнного або надзвичайного стану. Відзначено також прямий зв'язок, визначений українським законодавцем, між життям людини і її гідністю. На нашу думку, це найбільш повний підхід до розуміння концепції цього поняття, саме існування людини нерозривно пов'язане з гідністю такого існування.
The article describes the complex psychological and material circumstances in which the culture of Ukraine (Kyiv in particular) developed in 1994 in the face of financial deficits in the country and political turmoil and uncertainty. It describes the efforts of local intellectuals (philosophers and artists) to resist thenegative circumstances of the situation and to work for the future. Thanks to James Soros Foundation, the Transformation of Humanities program in Ukraine was established. The program facilitated the selection and publication of new generation textbooks for independent Ukraine. The initiators of the publication were the Institute of Philosophy of Ukraine and the director of the program N. Viatkina. Such efforts were defining for the formation of the state. The creative horizon was determined by the foundation of new musical programs, including Kyiv Musical Fest organized by composer Ivan Karabits. He also founded the cycle of concerts Time Cameras and a competition for young performers named after Volodymyr Horowitz. I. Karabits collaborated with the artists of Kyiv and arranged the Art Muzyk Fest exhibition. Despite financial turmoil on the initiative of talented artists, a number of interesting expositions took place. These initiatives were supported by Ivan Dziuba, who was Minister of Culture at that time. Young artists, who did not rely on the reactionary and indifferent artist community, organized the creative squat BZH-ART (existed from1994 to 2014). Innovative art developed there. The appearance of Dzerkalo Tyzhnia newspaper was significant due to its realistic reports. The era of the 1990s came in the facts that often connected readers to the bitter, dramatic, and even tragic pages of those times. The country in the strategy of the publication was capable of realizing itself in the words of journalists. Later, in times of the reign of L. Kuchma and V. Yanukovych, the authorities tried to destroy the publication by all means.Article received 20.05.2019 ; Статтю присвячено складним психологічним і матеріальним обставинам, у яких розвивалася культура України (Києва) у 1994 р. за умов фінансового дефіциту в країні та політичного безладу і невизначеності. Йдеться про зусилля інтелектуалів (філософів та митців) протистояти негативним обставинам тодішньої ситуації і працювати на перспективу. Завдяки фінансуванню Фонду Дж. Сороса було засновано програму «Трансформація гуманітарної освіти в Україні», яка сприяла відбору та виданню підручників нового покоління для незалежної України. Ініціаторами видання був Інститут філософії України та директор програми Н. Вяткіна. Творчий горизонт визначився заснуванням нових музичних програм, зокрема «Київ Музик Фесту» композитором Іваном Карабицем. Він же заснував цикл концертів «Час камерати» та конкурс для молодих виконавців імені Володимира Горовиця. Карабиць співпрацював з художниками Києва, зорганізувавши виставку «Арт Музик Фест». Попри фінансові негаразди, з ініціативи талановитих художників відбулася низка цікавих експозицій. Ці ініціативи підтримував Іван Дзюба, який тоді був на посаді міністра культури. Молоді художники, що не покладалися на доволі реакційну і байдужу до їхньої долі Спілку художників, організували творчий сквот «БЖ-АРТ» (існував з 1994 по 2014 р.). Там розвивалося інноваційне мистецтво.Матеріал надійшов 20.05.2019
In the most definitions of terrorism, the key concept is «violence». The purpose of violence is to achieve the desired development for the terrorists: the change of power, the destabilization of society, the undermining of economic and information stability of both the states as a whole and individual segments in their economy in particular.The structural-functional approach to the study of terrorist organizations means their consideration as social groups consisting of the following components: political, financial-economic, integrative (discipli- nary), ideological. But for the study of modern terrorism the analytical tools of structural-functional approach is not enough. In particular, it is necessary to use the conflict paradigm that would allow considering the origin and development of terrorist organizations as a conflict of interests of the ruling classes, their activity as a catalyst for social change in countries which are donating terrorism and countries which are the object of aggression. Theory of background practices would be useful to uncover the motivation of terrorists, their awareness of everyday life, the degree of their involvement in the struggle and commitment to ideological patterns.The terrorist organizations now are specific territorial units and important technology in the hybrid war in the modern world. The hybrid war can be defined as a aggression of one state against another through non formal groups represented by the military (often by guerrilla warriors) and non-governmental organizations, local communities, communication with which is formally denied. The state, which leads the hybrid war is not positioning itself as a member of a military conflict, describing it as a civilian one. Events in Donbas were a ruled process of implementation of complex social technologies: the information war, the distortion of democratic procedures, the use of terrorism tactics, combat operations in populated areas etc. ; Стаття представляє систематичну оцінку основних тенденцій протестної активності українських лівих партій, організацій і неформальних ініціатив перед початком протестів Майдану наприкінці листопада 2013 р. Представлений аналіз помісячної динаміки, кількості учасників, тактики, темати- ки, географії та союзників в протестних подіях за участі лівих груп на всій території України з 1 січня 2011 р. по 20 листопада 2013 р.
This article examines the provisions of the current criminal law of Ukraine regarding some issues of legal regulation of the new wording of Article 152 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and covers the legislative changes introduced into it. First of all, statistics on registered criminal offenses, including rape and assault on him and data from the information agency regarding the actual number of crimes committed against the sexual freedom and integrity of the individual are provided. The problem of the difference between the new edition and the previous one is illustrated, some positive and negative indicators of these changes are illustrated, opinions of Ukrainian lawyers on this issue are analyzed. The article also highlights the problem of so-called "domestic rape" and its detailing in the new qualifying, sign of a new version of this crime. Some features of the psychological aspect of perception of such rape as a crime, a victim are determined. In addition, the article draws attention to the fact that the new wording of Article 152 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine allegedly establishes a gender neutral definition of rape, but when studying the disposition of this norm it becomes clear that a man is not in all cases envisaged by it may be victimized, which is a gap in the legislative fixing the issue of the criminal-law assessment of certain criminal attacks on the sexual freedom of men. An explanation is given on the issue of reaching the consent of the opposite sex in sexual intercourse by deception in terms of the new and previous version of the aforementioned article and the emergence in the disposition of the appraisal concept of "voluntary consent". The conclusion is made of the imperfection of the legislative regulation of the new wording of the crime provided for by Article 152 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the formality of the nature of the changes introduced, it is proposed to improve some issues, namely: physical or psychological violence to be indicated as qualifying sign, to remove from the ...
The purpose of the article is to study current issues of regulation of family relations under the marriage contract, to define the concept and content of the marriage contract in the light of new trends in notarial and judicial practice of Ukraine. For this research a number of general scientific and specific legal methods have been used, namely analysis of the legal issues, judicial categories, applied comparative-legal, systematic- structural, formal-logical methods and etc.. The author proposes a systematic approach to the study of problems of changing legal regimes of marital property under the marriage contract. It is based on the author's understanding of the concept and the legal nature of "legal property regime" in science of civil and family law of Ukraine, and analysis of the existing judicial practice within mentioned-above sphere. The notion "change the legal regime of marital property" and "change of property types" are not identical in content. The change of the legal regime of the spouses' property does not provide for the transfer of ownership of this property. It is proved that the legal regime of the property of spouses under a marriage contract can be changed only regarding the property, which will be acquired in the future. The effect of legal regime of separate property on the property, which was acquired by spouses in marriage (common property) is in contradiction with part 5, article 93 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. In this case there is actually a transfer of ownership. It is proposed to expand the range of legal relations that can be regulated by a marriage contract, namely: to include not only property but also personal non-property relations of brides and spouses. The author also proposes the definition of marriage contract as a legal instrument between spouses or fiancé and fiancée, which determines their property and personal none-property rights and obligations, in particular, regarding the establishment (change) of legal regime of future property, the regulation of its usage and dispossession, division of revenues and expenses and their property and personal non-property rights as parents in marriage and (or) in case of divorce. Keywords: family law, marriage contract, legal regime of spouses' property, joint common ownership, joint partial ownership, regime of separate property of spouses, regime of common property of spouses.
The article, based on a study of the formation and development of Ukrainian studies in the crisis of classical science, analyzes the transformation of modern European science from Descartes to the present, the contradictions of high ideals of the Enlightenment about man, people, and human-based foundations of postclassical Ukrainian studies. The study describes Ukrainian studies in the context of fundamental changes in modern European science and the separation of the humanities from the natural science discussions of unity - the separation and search for the unity of the humanities and natural sciences. The role of Ukrainian studies in the formation of the Ukrainian literary language, spelling, literature, the establishment of scientific research in the processes of cultural and historical revival, social, national-revolutionary movements are revealed. The general theoretical scientific basis of Ukrainian studies is analyzed, noting specific features in classical and non-classical science. In the context of the research, the peculiarity of Ukrainian studies as a holistic, multiple, human-dimensional science is revealed, in the structure of which parts express the nature of the whole and give it specific properties. Apart from the integral structure, the parts acquire other object features. The article emphasizes that rethinking the role of Ukrainian studies in science, education, in all spheres of life is a powerful basis for the consolidation of the Ukrainian nation. There are well-founded arguments that the renewed Ukrainian studies, having passed a difficult path of formation, rise and prohibitions, oblivion, revival becomes the foundation for new post-classical science.
The article is dedicated to the history of the construction of the building of the Poltava zemstvo (local government) (now – Vasyl Krychevskyi Poltava Museum of Local Lore), also to the founders of the museum, who formed the ethnographic department of the Natural-Historical Museum of the Poltava zemstvo. Key words: Poltava zemstvo, Vasyl Krychevskyi Museum of Local Lore, department of ethnography, pottery, masters of pottery. ; Дослідження присвячене будівництву будинку Полтавського губернського земства (нині – Полтавський краєзнавчий музей ім. В. Кричевського) та основоположникам музейної справи, які формували етнографічний відділ Природничоісторичного музею Полтавського губернського земства. Ключові слова: Полтавське губернське земство, краєзнавчий музей імені Василя Кричевського, відділ етнографії, гончарні вироби, майстри гончарної справи
The article deals with historical development of the human rights institute through concept positions of the most popular figures of the researched period. Creative heritage of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel has been analyzed. The subject of his works was a human being, his rights and freedoms as well as the role in the state. According to Hegel the person as a member of society and a part of the state should bear responsibility for his/her acts to avoid general arbitrariness and violation of the rights and freedoms of other people which could have a big impact on the development of the researched institute. John Locke has basic principles of human rights in his works such as freedom, equality and the right to life, the state is some guarantor for achievement of protection of these rights. The philosopher presented a new idea that the person could protest against the government which could not satisfy the interests of population and replace it with a new one which could accomplish this goal. Integrity of the philosopher regarding restriction of the arbitrariness of the state power and its division in parliamentary, federal and executive for satisfaction of people's interests. Samuel von Pufendorf developed the idea of natural law and duties of the person and citizen. Pufendorf considered representation of natural law in the person's behavior and friendly features which he/she had and described that he/she had to behave the way to benefit society. Charles Louis de Montesquieu drew particular attention to interpretation of difference between positive and natural law by concluding that (positive) law could be fair only if it complied with natural law. Jean-Jacques Rousseau stated that laws should be created by people to keep the highest virtue which are represented in freedom and equality lying in economic and legal development of the state.
