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Cakrawala : Jurnal Penelitian Sosial. Vol. 5, No. 1, Juni 2016, p. 99-117 ; In the history of UN peace operations, East Timor is one of the peace operations that are considered successful. The role played by the United Nations not only focus on peacemaking efforts with the mediator between Indonesia and Timor Leste freedom fighters, but also in peacekeeping and peacebuilding programs such as peacekeeping operations and the development of economic, political, social and cultural. It is worth noting that the success achieved was due to the revolutionary strategy to evolve the role of the United Nations which is associated in an ad hoc institution with the specific mandate of these institutions. The formation of an ad hoc institution that makes the implementation of the program becomes more focused. Politically, these institutions have managed to map the needs, plans and steps needed to create peace in East Timor. Indeed the success of the strategy process and the United Nations in East Timor could be a recommendation for a model United Nations peacekeeping operation in the world.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- PART I: Women, Participation, and Peacebuilding -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- PART II: Militarization and Violent Peace -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 -- Chapter 11 -- PART III: Justice, Impunity, and Accountability -- Chapter 12 -- Chapter 13 -- Chapter 14 -- Chapter 15 -- Chapter 16 -- About the Editor and Contributors.

This article examines the history of the arrival of Islam into Indonesia. This research is library research using documentation method. The results of this study are: First, no one knows for sure when Islam began to appear in Indonesia. Several theorists and historians have different opinions and analyzes. However, there are at least four major theories regarding the entry of Islam into Indonesia, namely: Arabic theory, Gujarat theory (India), Bengali theory (Fatimi), and Persian theory. Second, the spread and process of Islamization in Indonesia itself was carried out peacefully. Indonesian people can accept the existence of Islam well. There are six channels of Islamization in Indonesia, namely: trade, marriage, Sufism, education, arts and culture, and politics. Third, the existence of Islamic kingdoms also had a big role in the spread and development of Islam in Indonesia. These Islamic kingdoms stretched from Sumatra to the Moluccas. Some of them are the Perlak Sultanate, Samudera Pasai Sultanate, Malacca Sultanate, Aceh Sultanate, Demak Sultanate, Pajang Sultanate, Mataram Sultanate, Cirebon Sultanate, Banten Sultanate, Sultanate of Ternate, Sultanate of Tidore, Sultanate of Gowa, Sultanate of Tallo, Sultanate of Pasir, Sultanate of Banjar, Kotawaringin Sultanate, Pagatan Sultanate, Sambas Sultanate, Kutai Kertanegara Sultanate, Berau Sultanate, Sambaliung Sultanate, Gunung Tabur Sultanate, Pontianak Sultanate, Tidung Sultanate, and Bulungan Sultanate. ; Artikel ini mengkaji tentang sejarah masuknya Islam ke Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, tidak ada yang tahu pasti kapan Islam mulai muncul di Indonesia. Beberapa ahli teori dan sejarawan memiliki pendapat dan analisis yang berbeda. Namun, setidaknya ada empat teori besar mengenai masuknya Islam ke Indonesia, yaitu: teori Arab, teori Gujarat (India), teori Bengali (Fatimi), dan teori Persia. Kedua, penyebaran dan proses Islamisasi di Indonesia sendiri ...

Interaction in the international system creates cooperation between countries and can also create conflicts when interests between countries clash. There are two approaches used in resolving conflict; associative where countries seek to cooperate with each other; and disassociative involving military force and political separation (Barash & Webel, 2009: 288). One of Indonesia's associative efforts in maintaining its diplomatic relations with Australia is by using ASEAN to form the AANZFTA (ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area). Apart from geographical proximity, the socio-economic development opportunities for all parties, this cooperation is also a geopolitical strategy for Australian security and provides political legitimacy for ASEAN in the international world. Using a case study method that focuses on the dynamics of the relationship between ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand, mainly through the AANZFTA, this paper will explain ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand's reasons and interests as well as strengths and weaknesses in them. Through discussion and analysis results, it can be concluded that international cooperation was formed to build negative peace after the World War. Then over time, non-traditional issues increasingly encourage international cooperation to develop positive peace with moral values and peaceful dispute resolution without violence. Although the impact is the domination of big countries and sacrificing small and developing countries' sovereignty, each country will always prioritize its own interests. This study's results can provide an overview of the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Australia multilaterally through AANZFTA. At the same time, the bilateral relationship between the two can be reviewed in further research

This thesis discusses the role of the mediator in the settlement of inheritance disputes with the perspective of Islamic law and positive law (Case Study No.1038 / Pdt.G / 2019 / PA.Mks at the Class 1A Makassar Religious Court). With mediation conducted by a mediator, it is likely that the parties to the dispute will be able to reconcile the parties in a dispute to a win-win solution and the peaceful dispute resolution process will be easier, faster, simpler, and less costly. This research was conducted by field research with descriptive analysis. With a normative juridical approach and a sociological (empirical) approach. The data sources in this study, namely: primary data, secondary data and searches of various literatures or references. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Data processing and analysis techniques are carried out in three stages, namely: data identification, data reduction, and data editing. The results of this study indicate that the role of the mediator in the settlement of inheritance disputes at the Class 1A Makassar Religious Court has an important role in carrying out the mediation process based on the results of interviews with judges in court. It's just that the results / effectiveness achieved by the mediator in resolving inheritance disputes have not been effective because of the inhibiting factors for the mediator in resolving them, namely: 1) The parties in conflict have their emotions / egos not well controlled (lack of good faith from the disputing parties), 2) no one wants to budge, 3) the quality of the mediator. The implications of this research are: 1) with the mediation process carried out by a mediator in court, it is necessary that there is an increase in the process of settlement of cases, especially in mediation. The mediator must play an important role in carrying out the best dispute resolution so that the mediation process runs optimally and effectively, so that the parties are satisfied and no party feels disadvantaged, 2) ...

This paper looks at how Indonesia contributes to the creation of a relatively peaceful and stable Southeast Asian region after the Cold War. It examines Jakarta's diplomacy in the South China Sea, and explains its implications for the making of the regional order. The argument is that Indonesia's impact on regional security has been apparent in its attention to the improvement of rule-based interaction among states in the region. However, recent developments have demonstrated that Indonesia's initiatives, formulated in the Indo-Pacific Cooperation Concept, are unsuccessful due to the lack of support from other ASEAN states. This paper shows that great powers politics in the troubled waters has hindered the advancement of Indonesian's orderdriven policy.

Lands play an important role in our life. It becomes part of people's life because lands are used to be the graveyards where the dead bodies are buried. The graveyard is also called as the 'final resting place.' As the role is very significant, especially in the life of customary village members in Bali, lands are often disputed among the members of one and other customary villages. The dispute becomes the object of many cases that ruins harmonious situation of native people in Bali. Take for example, the dispute that takes place in Banjar Adat Ambengan and Banjar Adat Semana Ubud District, Gianyar Regency and Bali Province. The problem to be solved is to investigate the causes of conflict as well as the implementation of land for peace, harmony, appropriateness and the parties involved in the settlement of the dispute. The investigation on the case that took place between the two customary villages was conducted through descriptive qualitative method supported by the case study approach. The finding showed that the dispute was settled by applying mediation method conducted through the meeting of the involved parties. It occurred several times with the principles of peace, harmony, and appropriateness to meet the society that live peacefully and harmoniously where people respect the existing customary law.

ABSTRAKThe Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is a form of regional cooperation of the coastal nations of the Indian Ocean that was established in 1997. Unlike other regional cooperation in the world that often emphasizes the political aspect. This association emphasizes the basis of economic and socio-cultural cooperation. For its member countries, the existence of IORA is very important in maximizing the economic, social and cultural benefits while keeping this area as a peaceful region. Given the importance of this regional cooperation, Indonesia as an IORA member country continues to play a significant role in strengthening the existence of this association and while continuing to develop bilateral forms of cooperation between the coastal nations of the Indian Ocean that can benefit Indonesia's national interests. In order to expand the forms of international cooperation within the IORA, the Indonesian government continues to maximize its efforts by engaging various stakeholders, including local governments. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of IORA for Indonesia, especially Aceh Province and how we can optimize the role of Aceh within the framework of IORA cooperation.Kata kunci: IORA, regional cooperation, Indonesia, Aceh Province

AbstractMinangkabau society always strives for a peaceful and prosperous life. Since long time ago, the community is implementing democratic values. These values are reflected in the archaeological remains associated with the activities of deliberation and the tradition that lasted until now. In making decisions for common interests, people tend to give priority to said agreement despite differences of opinion are also valued.

Abstract Completion of the armed conflict in both the legal and political framework set in customary international law and the Hague Convention I of 1899 and 1907 on the peaceful resolution of disputes, as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Mechanisms for resolving armed conflicts as well as measures to prevent the emergence of armed conflict refers to the two methods of dispute resolution, the peaceful resolution of disputes and the settlement of disputes by force or violence. Patterns in the context of conflict resolution approach more focused on the efforts of early stage to prevent the emergence of armed-conflict. Such efforts can be done with diplomacy and political mediation efforts by involving the various parties that are considered to be actors of peace. While humanitarian law in the context of normative law enforcement efforts imprinted on the situation of the ongoing war, one of its forms through foreign intervention in the ongoing armed conflict itself. In the present context of the humanitarian intervention of humanitarian law known as the Responsibility to Protect (R to P). In addition through the UN mechanism for the continuous efforts of the international community to prevent the emergence of armed conflict also involving a number of other actors who can be considered a partner for peace. One of them involving specific groups that can be considered a party to break the chain of armed conflict itself. One of them is through the mechanism of the Kimberley Process.

Religious and cultural pluralism in society can initially Posoacculturation establish the values among migrants with indigenous peoples,on further developments, have taken place between the social disintegrationAmong of them, as a result of the escalation of conflicts horizontal, for a variety of interestsgrowing, especially the expansion of economic and political institutions apparatussecurity. (Military and police) and religious and cultural pluralism imagedas a zone of still volatile, so that the imaging strengthen. The existence of a conflict region as a market force.A balanced division of strategic positions in government withrepresenting Christian and Muslim communities should be governed by clearlocal regulation and other rules or mechanisms in mind The conflict became a powerful issue. The security forces should be acting professionally make Indonesia secure and peaceful, the circulation of the various means of violence, such as firearms and bombs in Indonesia also business security forces in the conflict zone is security indicators are not handled in a professional manner. On the other hand required maximum effort and courage attitude of the government, especially the law enforcement agencies to bring those involved in cases of corruption and military violence should be given a participation in the strengthening of base- civil basis, such as combating corruption and strengthening peace program division of tasks and functions of a clear distinction between the security forces and society civilians can help realize a peaceful ofIndonesia

Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world that suffered from prolonged ethnic conflict. Conflict between Hutu and Tutsi has brought this country into genocide on 1972 and 1993 that led into 12 years of civil war. Peacemaking effort to end violent conflict in Burundi has gone through three main phases involving regional and international organisations. As result of this peace process, the parties have signed Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement on 28 August 2000. This agreement directly addressed the issue of ethnicity in Burundi and devised a power- sharing arrangement. However, peace is a fragile thing so it's important to build strong foundation for ensuring its sustainability. Peacebuilding efforts are necessary to bring post-conflict recovery and prevent the outbreak of civil war in the future. The role of international community is also needed to support post-conflict peace-building in Burundi.