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This book is an integrated examination of Japanese politics in the first two decades of the 21st century, as viewed from the perspective of ""anxiety over governance.""
By empirically highlighting the social-environmental, political environmental, and sociocultural changes that have underlined the long-term political participation and voting behavior of Japanese citizens, the book provides deep insight into how modern democracies function and are perceived in post-industrial societies and reveals the specific processes by which Japanese politics have changed. Additionally, the book provides an analysis of the decline in social capital, the shrinking variety of political parties, and the intermingling of Asian values with liberal democratic values. By examining anxiety over governance, the chapters explore the links between anxiety and Japanese political behavior, revealing that, despite the high regard for democratic politics, Japanese citizens generally experienced a high level of anxiety and negative evaluation of the government, including countermeasures against COVID-19.
Featuring surveys of Japanese political behavior over a period of more than 40 years, this book will be valuable reading for students and scholars of Japanese Politics, Political Behavior, and Psychology.
The introduction, chapter 4 and chapter 5 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

The paper deals with the problem of representation of the Russian regions in the upper house of the Parliament. The aim of the study is to consider the regions' participation in the Federation Council's activities through changing the legislation on the formation of this body of authority. The author used logical, comparative, systematic and historical methods. The result is a comparative analysis of the legislation on the formation of the Federal Council, and the influence of its changing on the nature of representation of the regions in "the House of Regions". The author makes a conclusion that the regions are not represented adequately, the formation of the Federal Council is not democratic, and the increasing of the constitutional powers is necessary for improving of the status of this body of authority in the Russian political system. ; Статья посвящена проблеме представительства субъектов Российской Федерации в верхней палате российского парламента. Цель данного исследования – рассмотреть участие российских регионов в деятельности Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации через призму изменения законодательства о порядке формирования данного государственного органа. В качестве теоретической основы исследования были применены такие методы как общелогический, сравнительный, системный, исторический. Результатом исследования стал сравнительный анализ федерального законодательства о порядке формирования Совета Федерации и влияние его изменений на характер представительства субъектов Российской Федерации в «палате регионов». В итоге автор делает вывод о недостаточном на данный момент региональном характере верхней палаты российского парламента и о невысокой степени демократичности процедуры ее формирования, а также о необходимости увеличения конституционных полномочий Совета Федерации для повышения статуса и роли данного государственного органа в российской политической системе.

THIS PAPER USES THE CONCEPT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALIENATION AND ELECTION PARTICIPATION TO DISCUSS FRENCH VOTING BEHAVIOR. EVIDENCE IS PRESENTED IN SUPPORT OF THREE PROPOSITIONS. (1) PARTICIPATION AT THE SECOND BALLOT IN FRANCE IN FORCED-CHOICE SITUATIONS CAN BE ACCOUNTED FOR BY PARTISAN ATTITUDES (AS MEASURED BY THERMOMETER SCORES) BUT NOT BY PERCEPTIONS OF PARTISAN LOCATIONS ON THE LEFT-RIGHT DIMENSION; (2) THE PARTISAN CHOICES OF THE VOTERS IN SUCH SITUATIONS CAN BE BETTER EXPLAINED BY PARTISAN ATTITUDES THAN BY LEFT-RIGHT PERCEPTIONS; AND (3) DELIVERATE ABSTAINERS IN SUCH SITUATIONS RESEMBLE BALLOT SPOILERS, WHILE CHRONIC ABSTENTION AND RANDOM ABSTENTION ARE LONG-TERM PHENOMENA.

This dissertation is concerned with developing the South African youth's active participation in formal politics. Spoken word poetry as an applied drama and theatre medium is of particular interest to this study and it argues that the art form can be used as a means of youth development in the area of formal politics. To illustrate its argument, the dissertation discusses how a programme of spoken word poetry was used to address the issue of youth formal political participation and developed a group of young people's enthusiasm to participate in formal national decision-making processes. The programme, titled Raising Participation, was conducted with the support of Africa Unite, a non-profit organisation in Cape Town that offered their school club members as participants in the programme. The workshops targeted young people who would be eligible to vote in South Africa's next general elections, set to take place in 2024. Chapter 2 discusses spoken word poetry as an applied drama and theatre medium and identifies the connections which make spoken word poetry an appropriate art form to use as an applied drama and theatre approach. Chapter 3 discusses the programme of activities, the theoretical framework that informed its design and the methods of data collection and analysis which were used. It also discusses Africa Unite and the partnership between the organisation and the programme. Chapter 4 discusses the findings of the programme and its successes and limitations, concluding the dissertation.

ABSTRACT: The core of this paper is to analyze the public policy of gender equality in Albania, particularly on policy areas of political participation, in the context of new institutional approaches. Having done a research, this article attempts to explain the effects of mechanism as gender quota to the level of women's participation in politics and decision-making in Albania. At the same time, examines the challenges of gender quota implementation in Albania. In this paper, it is understood that the interpretation of "the gender inequality problem" determines the equality policies applied on this issue and the structure of formal institutions in that policy. That is, how the gender equality policy has been formed and applied as a public policy in Albania. Besides, equality policies and formal institutional structure on that issue is being formed depending on how "the problem of gender inequality" is perceived by policy-maker actors. In this paper, using the concept of gender as a process analysis, we find evidence that the implementation of gender quotas increased the number of women's participation in politics and decision-making and brought in a more diverse group of women. We also find that women in Albania still continue to face inequality and discrimination, and there is still a lot to be done, to enjoy their rights de facto and to have effective protection against gender discrimination. KEYWORDS: Gender Equality, Gender Quota, Public Policy, New Institutionalism

El objetivo de este artículo apunta a visualizar los homenajes efectuados en memoria de Eva Perón como instancias de participación en la Resistencia peronista (1955-1963), a partir del análisis de fuentes periodísticas, informes de inteligencia y entrevistas. La observación de este tipo de prácticas nos ha permitido analizar cómo se realizó el proceso de construcción de memoria durante esta etapa y sus anclajes materiales, el carácter religioso que impregnó a dichas prácticas, y cómo la imagen de Eva Perón se constituyó en una instancia de legitimación para la participación política femenina, aunque fueron atributos conservadores los que habilitaron dicha participación ; The goal of this article is to visualize the commemorations celebrated in memory of Eva Perón as instances of participation in the Peronist Resistance (1955-1963), through the analysis of newspaper articles, intelligence reports and oral interviews. The observation of this type of practice has allowed us to analyze how the process of memory construction take place during this period, and its material anchors, the religious character that imbued it, and how the image of Eva Perón was established as a instances of legitimacy for female political participation, even as it wore its conservatory attributes that enable said participation ; Fil: Gorza, Anabella. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

El objetivo de este artículo apunta a visualizar los homenajes efectuados en memoria de Eva Perón como instancias de participación en la Resistencia peronista (1955-1963), a partir del análisis de fuentes periodísticas, informes de inteligencia y entrevistas. La observación de este tipo de prácticas nos ha permitido analizar cómo se realizó el proceso de construcción de memoria durante esta etapa y sus anclajes materiales, el carácter religioso que impregnó a dichas prácticas, y cómo la imagen de Eva Perón se constituyó en una instancia de legitimación para la participación política femenina, aunque fueron atributos conservadores los que habilitaron dicha participación ; The goal of this article is to visualize the commemorations celebrated in memory of Eva Perón as instances of participation in the Peronist Resistance (1955-1963), through the analysis of newspaper articles, intelligence reports and oral interviews. The observation of this type of practice has allowed us to analyze how the process of memory construction take place during this period, and its material anchors, the religious character that imbued it, and how the image of Eva Perón was established as a instances of legitimacy for female political participation, even as it wore its conservatory attributes that enable said participation ; Fil: Gorza, Anabella. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

El objetivo de este artículo apunta a visualizar los homenajes efectuados en memoria de Eva Perón como instancias de participación en la Resistencia peronista (1955-1963), a partir del análisis de fuentes periodísticas, informes de inteligencia y entrevistas. La observación de este tipo de prácticas nos ha permitido analizar cómo se realizó el proceso de construcción de memoria durante esta etapa y sus anclajes materiales, el carácter religioso que impregnó a dichas prácticas, y cómo la imagen de Eva Perón se constituyó en una instancia de legitimación para la participación política femenina, aunque fueron atributos conservadores los que habilitaron dicha participación ; The goal of this article is to visualize the commemorations celebrated in memory of Eva Perón as instances of participation in the Peronist Resistance (1955-1963), through the analysis of newspaper articles, intelligence reports and oral interviews. The observation of this type of practice has allowed us to analyze how the process of memory construction take place during this period, and its material anchors, the religious character that imbued it, and how the image of Eva Perón was established as a instances of legitimacy for female political participation, even as it wore its conservatory attributes that enable said participation ; Fil: Gorza, Anabella. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

The article discusses the origin and development of the ecological movement in Bulgaria in the first period of political transformation, against the background of similar experiences of Balkan countries. In the Balkan reality, the social activity of ecological groups is perceived as an example of the penetration of Western European cultural patterns, but also as an effect of "ecological pressure" resulting from the aspirations of South-Eastern European countries to integrate with European structures. To a small extent, the contemporary ecological sensitivity of the inhabitants of the Balkans refers to earlier experiences, such as those from the first decade of the political transformation. Against this background, the birth of the "indigenous" ecological movement in Bulgaria and its significant participation in the downfall of Todor Zhivkov's regime can be considered an exceptional phenomenon. ; Artykuł omawia powstanie i rozwój ruchu ekologicznego w Bułgarii w pierwszym okresie transformacji ustrojowej, na tle podobnych doświadczeń państw bałkańskich. W bałkańskich realiach społeczna aktywność ugrupowań ekologicznych jest postrzegana jako przykład przenikania zachodnioeuropejskich wzorców kulturowych, ale także jako efekt "presji ekologicznej" wynikającej z dążenia krajów Europy Południowo-Wschodniej do integracji ze strukturami europejskimi. W niewielkim stopniu współczesna wrażliwość ekologiczna mieszkańców Bałkanów odwołuje się do wcześniejszych doświadczeń, choćby tych z pierwszej dekady transformacji ustrojowej. Na tym tle zjawiskiem za zjawisko wyjątkowe można uznać narodziny "autochtonicznego" ruchu ekologicznego w Bułgarii, a także jego znaczący udział w procesie upadku reżimu Todora Żiwkowa.

This article describes how the organisation and representation of cotton growers in Mali developed from the mid 1970s to the current day, from the setting up of Village Associations through to the privatisation of the cotton industry. The research focused most closely on the relationships between the growers' organisations and the state-owned cotton company, as well as on the different struggles throughout this period. It can be seen that at the same time as peasant participation was increasing, a 'cotton elite' also emerged. Far from reshaping the power structures operating in the cotton sector, this elite appropriated them.

Wer besser gebildet ist und ein besseres Einkommen hat, beteiligt sich stärker am politischen Prozess. Informelles politisches Engagement ist sogar noch stärker die Sache einkommensstärkerer Gruppen. Soziale Ungleichheit bei der politischen Partizipation kann die Legitimität demokratischen Regierens schwächen.