Legal Techniques and Quality of Laws In this study the author analyses the level of legal techniques and quality of present laws of the Republic of Lithuania. Everyone who deals with legislation, application, systemization of law, fells the need of management of the legal techniques. Though there are many debates about legislation, application, systemization and positive or negative aspects of these procedures, the legislation process still remains an open issue, because neither legislators themselves nor addressees are satisfied with the quality of laws. In this study legal techniques is discussed as one of possible factors of efficiency of law, the definitions of legal and legislative techniques, the object and goals of them are proposed. The study also focuses on the present legal techniques of the legislators of the Republic of Lithuania, the analysis of the legislators' attitude and evaluation of the present laws quality. After developing the main negative aspects of Lithuanian laws, the possible means and ways of achieving a logical, clear and exact law are proposed.
Legal Techniques and Quality of Laws In this study the author analyses the level of legal techniques and quality of present laws of the Republic of Lithuania. Everyone who deals with legislation, application, systemization of law, fells the need of management of the legal techniques. Though there are many debates about legislation, application, systemization and positive or negative aspects of these procedures, the legislation process still remains an open issue, because neither legislators themselves nor addressees are satisfied with the quality of laws. In this study legal techniques is discussed as one of possible factors of efficiency of law, the definitions of legal and legislative techniques, the object and goals of them are proposed. The study also focuses on the present legal techniques of the legislators of the Republic of Lithuania, the analysis of the legislators' attitude and evaluation of the present laws quality. After developing the main negative aspects of Lithuanian laws, the possible means and ways of achieving a logical, clear and exact law are proposed.
Legal Techniques and Quality of Laws In this study the author analyses the level of legal techniques and quality of present laws of the Republic of Lithuania. Everyone who deals with legislation, application, systemization of law, fells the need of management of the legal techniques. Though there are many debates about legislation, application, systemization and positive or negative aspects of these procedures, the legislation process still remains an open issue, because neither legislators themselves nor addressees are satisfied with the quality of laws. In this study legal techniques is discussed as one of possible factors of efficiency of law, the definitions of legal and legislative techniques, the object and goals of them are proposed. The study also focuses on the present legal techniques of the legislators of the Republic of Lithuania, the analysis of the legislators' attitude and evaluation of the present laws quality. After developing the main negative aspects of Lithuanian laws, the possible means and ways of achieving a logical, clear and exact law are proposed.
Legal Techniques and Quality of Laws In this study the author analyses the level of legal techniques and quality of present laws of the Republic of Lithuania. Everyone who deals with legislation, application, systemization of law, fells the need of management of the legal techniques. Though there are many debates about legislation, application, systemization and positive or negative aspects of these procedures, the legislation process still remains an open issue, because neither legislators themselves nor addressees are satisfied with the quality of laws. In this study legal techniques is discussed as one of possible factors of efficiency of law, the definitions of legal and legislative techniques, the object and goals of them are proposed. The study also focuses on the present legal techniques of the legislators of the Republic of Lithuania, the analysis of the legislators' attitude and evaluation of the present laws quality. After developing the main negative aspects of Lithuanian laws, the possible means and ways of achieving a logical, clear and exact law are proposed.
Television debate: the technique of dispute Debates have an old history, counting from Greek civilization to these days. In television we see different debates. But the same dimension – search of truth – is still important thing. Like our capabilities to express the truth have changed by the birth of every new technology of communication, the truth telling in television by debates have changed to. In antiquity times an argue was the most important instrument to find the true. Politics, judges, soldiery learned how to debate in public ant to prove his true, by using arguments and oratory. Every oratory speaker had to follow the rules of arguing. Television debates use only the rules, which help to please audience. In medieval times arguing becomes a part of science. Speakers are not trying to find the true, but to prove that your propositions are the true. These rules intercept television debates. Television argues don't have the same lineaments like antiquity or medieval debates. It becomes not the part of science, but borrows some rules of rhetoric. Television creates mixture of rhetorical ant television arguing. In Lithuanian debates the technique of dispute is based on the broadcasts moderator, who create the dispute by his personal tricks, by transferring his functions to invited talkers. The dispute is created before debates broadcasting by inviting specific persons and two arguing sites. There are elements, which can create dispute like audience, telephone calls, position of studio elements or talkers, but they are still forgotten in Lithuanian technique of dispute. In television have accepted the signs of reality television, witch debates has intercepted. In such television the process becoms more important, then the content. In debates we can see actors, who acts their roles to receive interests. Television is the key to the futures carrier for politicians, political scientists and journalists. As reality television needs persons intimate life, debates becomes emotional, these persons readjust to these wants. Today we can see that debates becames more boring, without emotions and reality television atributes. In debatus we can see less argues, less interesting speakers. Audience are forgotten at all. And these changes react to the ratings. As we can see from the research, debatus becomes more popular when it loses reality television.
Television debate: the technique of dispute Debates have an old history, counting from Greek civilization to these days. In television we see different debates. But the same dimension – search of truth – is still important thing. Like our capabilities to express the truth have changed by the birth of every new technology of communication, the truth telling in television by debates have changed to. In antiquity times an argue was the most important instrument to find the true. Politics, judges, soldiery learned how to debate in public ant to prove his true, by using arguments and oratory. Every oratory speaker had to follow the rules of arguing. Television debates use only the rules, which help to please audience. In medieval times arguing becomes a part of science. Speakers are not trying to find the true, but to prove that your propositions are the true. These rules intercept television debates. Television argues don't have the same lineaments like antiquity or medieval debates. It becomes not the part of science, but borrows some rules of rhetoric. Television creates mixture of rhetorical ant television arguing. In Lithuanian debates the technique of dispute is based on the broadcasts moderator, who create the dispute by his personal tricks, by transferring his functions to invited talkers. The dispute is created before debates broadcasting by inviting specific persons and two arguing sites. There are elements, which can create dispute like audience, telephone calls, position of studio elements or talkers, but they are still forgotten in Lithuanian technique of dispute. In television have accepted the signs of reality television, witch debates has intercepted. In such television the process becoms more important, then the content. In debates we can see actors, who acts their roles to receive interests. Television is the key to the futures carrier for politicians, political scientists and journalists. As reality television needs persons intimate life, debates becomes emotional, these persons readjust to these wants. Today we can see that debates becames more boring, without emotions and reality television atributes. In debatus we can see less argues, less interesting speakers. Audience are forgotten at all. And these changes react to the ratings. As we can see from the research, debatus becomes more popular when it loses reality television.
Television debate: the technique of dispute Debates have an old history, counting from Greek civilization to these days. In television we see different debates. But the same dimension – search of truth – is still important thing. Like our capabilities to express the truth have changed by the birth of every new technology of communication, the truth telling in television by debates have changed to. In antiquity times an argue was the most important instrument to find the true. Politics, judges, soldiery learned how to debate in public ant to prove his true, by using arguments and oratory. Every oratory speaker had to follow the rules of arguing. Television debates use only the rules, which help to please audience. In medieval times arguing becomes a part of science. Speakers are not trying to find the true, but to prove that your propositions are the true. These rules intercept television debates. Television argues don't have the same lineaments like antiquity or medieval debates. It becomes not the part of science, but borrows some rules of rhetoric. Television creates mixture of rhetorical ant television arguing. In Lithuanian debates the technique of dispute is based on the broadcasts moderator, who create the dispute by his personal tricks, by transferring his functions to invited talkers. The dispute is created before debates broadcasting by inviting specific persons and two arguing sites. There are elements, which can create dispute like audience, telephone calls, position of studio elements or talkers, but they are still forgotten in Lithuanian technique of dispute. In television have accepted the signs of reality television, witch debates has intercepted. In such television the process becoms more important, then the content. In debates we can see actors, who acts their roles to receive interests. Television is the key to the futures carrier for politicians, political scientists and journalists. As reality television needs persons intimate life, debates becomes emotional, these persons readjust to these wants. Today we can see that debates becames more boring, without emotions and reality television atributes. In debatus we can see less argues, less interesting speakers. Audience are forgotten at all. And these changes react to the ratings. As we can see from the research, debatus becomes more popular when it loses reality television.
Television debate: the technique of dispute Debates have an old history, counting from Greek civilization to these days. In television we see different debates. But the same dimension – search of truth – is still important thing. Like our capabilities to express the truth have changed by the birth of every new technology of communication, the truth telling in television by debates have changed to. In antiquity times an argue was the most important instrument to find the true. Politics, judges, soldiery learned how to debate in public ant to prove his true, by using arguments and oratory. Every oratory speaker had to follow the rules of arguing. Television debates use only the rules, which help to please audience. In medieval times arguing becomes a part of science. Speakers are not trying to find the true, but to prove that your propositions are the true. These rules intercept television debates. Television argues don't have the same lineaments like antiquity or medieval debates. It becomes not the part of science, but borrows some rules of rhetoric. Television creates mixture of rhetorical ant television arguing. In Lithuanian debates the technique of dispute is based on the broadcasts moderator, who create the dispute by his personal tricks, by transferring his functions to invited talkers. The dispute is created before debates broadcasting by inviting specific persons and two arguing sites. There are elements, which can create dispute like audience, telephone calls, position of studio elements or talkers, but they are still forgotten in Lithuanian technique of dispute. In television have accepted the signs of reality television, witch debates has intercepted. In such television the process becoms more important, then the content. In debates we can see actors, who acts their roles to receive interests. Television is the key to the futures carrier for politicians, political scientists and journalists. As reality television needs persons intimate life, debates becomes emotional, these persons readjust to these wants. Today we can see that debates becames more boring, without emotions and reality television atributes. In debatus we can see less argues, less interesting speakers. Audience are forgotten at all. And these changes react to the ratings. As we can see from the research, debatus becomes more popular when it loses reality television.
Trumpai apžvelgus UNESCO apibrėžtas skirtingas paveldo tipologijas, dėmesys skiriamas įvairioms kul- tūros vertybėms, kurios, nors ir nepriskiriamos "pagrindinėms" paveldo kategorijoms, simbolizuoja reikšmingą paveldo turtą, siūlantį, be savo įprastos paskirties, daugybę galimybių, kaip jį būtų galima pritaikyti "netradi- cinėms" pridėtinę vertę kuriančioms paslaugoms. Įžanginiame skyriuje pateikiami pavyzdžiai, iliustruojantys netradicinį kultūros paveldą: istorinis maršrutas "Rytų ekspresas", mėlynasis tramvajus Tramvia Blau ar funi- kulierius Tibidabo Funicular Barselonoje; parkai, sodai ir žaliosios erdvės kaip išskirtinių renginių vietos; ypa- tingos ar nykstančios augalijos ir gyvūnijos buveinės; istoriniai piligrimų keliai Via Francigena, El Camino de Santiago de Compostela ir Camí de Cel de Barcelona; Italijos asociacijos Italian Alpine Club (CAI) organizuo- jami Dolomitų kelias ir kalnų žygiai; kruizai, istoriškai reikšmingi komerciniai ir kariniai maršrutai, pavyzdžiui, Viduržemio jūros ir Baltijos jūros turai, maršrutai į Indiją; tradiciniai šou, koncertai, operos, muzikos / šokių renginiai ir ritualai; sausumos ir jūros augalija bei gyvūnija, kuriai gresia išnykimo pavojus; pajūrio ir pakrančių paveldas, pavyzdžiui, švyturiai, istoriniai uostai ir pan. Daugelyje Europos šalių "kultūros paveldui" gali būti priskiriami ir artefaktai, žmonių atrasti daugiau nei prieš 50 metų. Taigi į paveldo apsaugą gali pretenduoti daug įvairių objektų – nuo pirmojo bakelitinio radijo imtuvo ir pokarinių automobilių iki elektroninės kompiuterių įrangos ir dizaino kūrinių. Jeigu etno- gra nės kolekcijos, daug kartų žiūrėtos kino juostos ir TV įrašai taip pat vertinami kaip papildomi elemen- tai (saugomi jau beveik 60 metų), tuomet visa tai sudaro nepakeičiamą ir saugotiną informacijos "šaltinį", kurį dera perduoti ateinančioms kartoms. Be materialiojo paveldo, derėtų saugoti ir nematerialųjį paveldą, pavyzdžiui, muziką, šokius, ritualus, pasakas ir pan., taip pat naujausią, bet ne mažiau svarbų "ateities" pa- veldą. Apsidairius aplink XXI a. ateities muziejus kuratoriaus akimis, gali iškilti pagrįstas klausimas: "Ar ateities kartos, net ir artimos ateities kartos, sugebės suprasti dabartinės kartos kuriamą turinį?" Trumpai panagrinėjus milžiniškus ir įvairialypius paveldo klodus galima užduoti vieną svarbiausių klausimų: "Kaip užtikrinti tinkamą paveldo naudojimą, valorizaciją ir valdymą?" Nepakanka vien tik vadovautis esamu scenarijumi. Būtina pasirengti susitikti su ateities paveldu, galinčiu tapti tikru iššūkiu būsimiems kolekcio- nieriams ar kuratoriams. Paveldas turi daugybę funkcijų ir daugybę vertybių, tad verta gerai ištyrinėti šiuos daugiamačius ir turtingus klodus, kad būtų galima pasinaudoti visais jų teikiamais privalumais. Šiai už- duočiai veiksmingai ir kokybiškai atlikti yra būtina metodologija. "Verčių" požiūrio taikymas analizuojant paveldą galėtų prisidėti sprendžiant problemas ir užtikrintai pagrįsti paveldo išsaugojimo, apsaugos ir val- dymo strategijos apibrėžimą. Šis straipsnis supažindina su logišku požiūriu, nustatant ir grupuojant platų paveldui priskiriamų vertybių spektrą. Nuodugniai išanalizavus vertybes (pradedant nuo akivaizdžiausių), nustatomos naujos vertybės, kurios yra (tiesiogiai) susijusios su inovacijomis ir technologijomis. Vertybių, kurias galima priskirti kultūros paveldui, kiekis didėja, daugėjant suinteresuotųjų šalių, kurios laikomos paveldo naudojimo, konservavimo ir valdymo proceso dalyvėmis. Priimant su paveldu susijusius spren- dimus ir reaguojant į skirtingų suinteresuotųjų šalių poreikius, šių vertybių apibrėžimas yra lemiamas iš esmės dėl to, kad šios vertybės padeda nustatyti konkrečios teritorijos patrauklumo lygį. Kultūros paveldo samprata remiasi įvairialype paklausa, kurią būtina atpažinti visose sudėtinėse kultūros paveldo dalyse, norint nuodugniai ištyrinėti vertybių klodus, kuriuos (kaip bus pristatoma toliau) riboja skirtingi diferen- cijuotos paklausos poreikiai. Norint pasiekti šį tikslą reikia apibrėžti įrankius bei metodus, padėsiančius nustatyti ir vertinti kultūros paveldą atsižvelgiant į skirtingas jam priskiriamų vertybių perspektyvas. Kie- kviena konkreti vertybė išsamiai aprašoma, kad būtų lengviau atlikti atskiro atvejo analizę. Nepaisant visų nukrypimų, plačiąja prasme aiškinama Europos kultūros paveldo idėja perteikia šias vertybes: istorines, atminties, pilietybės, civilizacijos, pripažinimo, tradicijų, meno, mokslo, konservavimo ir technologines. Suvokti vertybių ir kitų skirtingų dalių esmę yra įmanoma pripažįstant ir veiksmingai naudojant mūsų palikimą, vertinant jį kaip sistemą sąveikų tarp įvairių aspektų: paveldo tipologijos (gamtinės, kultūrinės, . nematerialios, . ateities); daugybės "verčių" (ekonominių, investicijų grąžos, socialinių, kultūrinių, išskirtinumo / unikalu- mo ir pan.); geogra nių ypatumų (vertingumo vietinių požiūriu, nacionalinių, regioninių, globalinių, daugiau- sia nevietinių ir pan.); potencialių naudotojų / galutinių naudotojų (ekspertų, specialistų, kolekcionierių, verslininkų, miesto gyventojų, tyrėjų, bendruomenės narių ir pan.). Didžioji dalis šių vertybių yra "potencialios"; kartais nėra galimybių ar poreikio nustatyti jų piniginę išraišką. Daugeliu atvejų išlaidas dengiantis subjektas nėra tas, kuris daug uždirba iš kultūros paveldo "naudojimo", čia susiduriama su savotišku asimetrinės rinkos modeliu. Visuomenės reikmėms skirto kul- tūros paveldo atveju "verčių" "rezultatais" dalijasi skirtingi vertybių grandinės dalyviai, o kultūros paveldą prižiūrinti valstybinė institucija tarp jų būna ne visada. Kartais visas vertybių spektras neatrodo akivaizdus (bent jau) vadovams arba nemanoma, kad būtų tinkama ar "išmintinga" šiomis vertybėmis pasinaudoti. Tokių vertybių naudojimas nebūtinai turi kelti pavojų mūsų paveldui – kultūros vertybės nesivaržo tar- pusavyje, išmintingai jas naudojant, jos nebus "suvartotos". Netgi priešingai, aiškiai apibrėžus vertybių "vertę", jas būtų lengviau atpažinti ir apsaugoti, suformuluojant bazines sąlygas jų tinkamam naudojimui užtikrinti. Toks scenarijus atrodo kaip visiems naudingas susitarimas: miesto gyventojai gali pasinaudoti visais efektyvaus paveldo naudojimo teikiamais privalumais, o suinteresuotosios šalys – džiaugtis didesniu matomu ir išaugusiomis pajamomis. Sėkmingai įdiegtoje sistemoje būtų numatytas struktūrinis vertinimo procesas, atsižvelgiantis ir į speci nes vertinimo procedūras bei rodiklius, ir į ekspertus, prisidedančius prie šios blokinės schemos kūrimo. Daugeliu atvejų šios vertybės iliustruoja, kaip įgyvendinami lankytojų ir naudotojų lūkesčiai. Raktiniai žodžiai: kultūros paveldas, ateities paveldas, išmanusis paveldas, netradicinės kultūros vertybės, paveldo vertinimas, paveldo valdymas. ; Starting from a quick overview of the di erent typologies of heritage as de ned by UNESCO, the focus is made on a wide range of cultural assets that, even not classi ed the 'main' heritage families, represent, however, a relevant heritage asset that apart from the typical use o ers great opportunities to be suitable for 'unconventional' added value services. The introduction provides a selection of examples concerning unconventional cultural assets such as the historical trans- portation means Orient Express, Tramvia Blau or the Tibidabo Funicular in Barcelona; parks, gardens and green areas as scenarios of particular events or peculiar or extinct habitats of ora and fauna; historic itineraries such as via Francigena, El Camino de Santiago de Compostela and the Camí de Cel de Barcelona; the Dolomites and mountain hiking trails of the Italian Alpine Club (CAI); cruises, commercial and military routes important in history such as Mediterranean and Baltic routes, routes to India; traditional shows, concerts, opera, music/dances and rituals; land and marine ora and fauna considered to be at risk of extinction; maritime-coastal heritage such as lighthouses, historical harbours, etc. In many European countries, artefacts realised by human beings more than fty years ago are also considered potential 'Cultural Heritage'. Therefore, a variety of objects might be enlis- ted for protection such as the rst bakelite radio-set, post-war period cars, the early electronic computer equipment and design products. Furthermore, if ethnographic collections, many times movies and TV recordings are considered the complement pictures (that have already been pro- tected for almost sixty years), all of them constitute an irreplaceable 'source' of information to be protected and handed down to posterity. In addition to the tangible heritage, the intangible heritage such as music, dances, rituals, tales, etc. and last but not least the 'future' heritage should be preserved. If we look around in the shoes of a curator of a future museum of the 21st c., it is reasonable to ask ourselves 'Will future generations, even those of the near future, be able to access the content produced by this generation?' Having brie y explored the vast and heteroge- neous universe of heritage, one of the key questions posed to ourselves is 'How can we ensure a proper use, valorisation and management of it?' Along with the current scenario, we should be ready to deal with the future heritage that may represent a real challenge for future collectors or curators. As the heritage represents a multi-function and multi-value domain, there is a need to explore this multidimensional space in order to fully bene t from its richness. Thus, a metho- 129 130 dology enabling to complete the task in an e cient and productive way is required. Application of the 'value' approach in analysing heritage may contribute to solving the problem and provide a valid support in de ning a strategy to preserve, promote and manage it. The present paper outlines the logical approach for identi cation and clustering of the broad range of the values associated with the heritage. The in-depth analysis of values, starting from the more evident ones, leads to identi cation of a set of new values due to or directly connected with innovation and technologies. The plurality of values that can be associated with a cultural asset widens with the variety of stakeholders considered to participate in the process of heritage use, conservation and management. Establishing the values upon making decisions about the heritage and there- fore meeting the needs of di erent stakeholders is crucial, mainly due to the reason that such values contribute to identi cation of the degree of attractiveness of a given territory. The cultural heritage should be considered a system based on the heterogeneous demand to be recognised in its many components in order to investigate the value space throughout its extension that, as it will be outlined later, is delimited by di erent needs of the di erentiated demand; in order to do this, we need to identify and de ne tools and methods of measuring and evaluating the cultural heritage in the di erent perspectives of the value attributable to it. Each speci c value is outlined in detail to facilitate the implementation of the approach to a single case study. The concept of the European cultural heritage, interpreted in the broad sense and with all its declinations, is the bearer of a multitude of values: historical value, testimony, citizenship, civilization, recognition, traditions, artistic, scienti c, conservation and technology. The matter of values and the other di erent elements actively contributing to the overall appreciation and fruitful exploitation of our legacy might be considered a complex of interactions among the following di erent aspects: • Heritage typology (natural, cultural,. intangible,. future) • Wide set of 'values' (economic value, return of investment, social, cultural, exceptionality/uniquely, etc.) • Geographic range (valuable for locals, national, regional, global, non-local mainly, etc.) • Potential users/end users (experts, specialists, collectors, businessmen, citizens, researchers, community members, etc.) Major parts of these values are 'potential'; sometimes there is no chance or need to monetize them. It happens frequently that the one who covers the expenses is not the one who earns much money from the 'use' of the cultural asset, i.e. a kind of asymmetric market model is observed. In case of public cul- tural assets, the 'e ects' of the 'values' are shared among di erent actors in the value-chain, sometimes not including the public body looking after the cultural assets at all. Moreover, sometimes the full set of values is not evident at least to the managers or it is not considered proper or 'wise' to take advantage of them. The exploitation of such values will not necessarily jeopardize our heritage, cultural assets are not rivalling and a wise exploitation will not 'consume' them. On the contrary, a clear identi cation of their 'values' will help to identify and protect them developing the basic conditions to ensure a proper exploitation. Such a scenario looks like a win-win agreement: citizens may bene t from the fruitful exploitation of their own heritage, whereas stakeholders may bene t from enhanced visibility and inco- mes. The full implementation of the system foresees a structured evaluation process taking into account both speci c evaluation procedures, metrics and a network of experts providing their contribution in a kind of block chain architecture. In most cases, these values represent the ful lment of the present expectations of visitors and users. Keywords: Cultural heritage, future heritage, smart heritage, unconventional cultural assets, heritage valorisation, heritage management.
The relevance of the research: Modern science provides us more and more data about the fact that each living beings existence depends not only on the inherent factors, but also from the environment: natural, social, cultural. Family and school are the two institutions, which form the common purpose – to foster a positive, willing to learn person. The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, the Education Act, and the Protection of the Rights of the Child and other laws and legislation guarantee the child's right to education. Education for children under 16 years old is compulsory; each of them is with their rights to a free education. However, environmental factors which determine students' reluctance to learn are a sharp problem of our days. New interests appear in teenage years, and they become more stable and stronger. A desire arises to a teenager to know depth of world events, and those areas of life, which is not included in a school program, so their interests do not become coincide with the school.The object of the research is determined factors of students' reluctance to study.The aim of the research is to substantiate in theory and empirically investigate the factors of students' reluctance to study, whose disturb realize the right to education.The methodology of the research: the research was performed by questionnaire survey method. Two semi-closed-type questionnaires were prepared for students and schoolteachers. They include: 1) the demographic cluster, 2) a block of questions designed to explore the factors leading to students' intention/reluctance to learn, 3) unit designed to investigate students' self-assessment and future perspectives, 4) block of the school attendance of students, 5) unit for the examination of relationships between pupils and teachers, 6) questions about the lending assistance to the pupils' realizing their right to education.Pupils of the sixth and ninth forms, learning at general education schools participated in the analysis. On the whole 200 pupils (100 from each class) and 70 teachers were investigated.The hypothesis of the research confirmed, because the right of pupils in schools is not fully implemented because of the environmental factors that determine reluctance to learn.
The relevance of the research: Modern science provides us more and more data about the fact that each living beings existence depends not only on the inherent factors, but also from the environment: natural, social, cultural. Family and school are the two institutions, which form the common purpose – to foster a positive, willing to learn person. The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, the Education Act, and the Protection of the Rights of the Child and other laws and legislation guarantee the child's right to education. Education for children under 16 years old is compulsory; each of them is with their rights to a free education. However, environmental factors which determine students' reluctance to learn are a sharp problem of our days. New interests appear in teenage years, and they become more stable and stronger. A desire arises to a teenager to know depth of world events, and those areas of life, which is not included in a school program, so their interests do not become coincide with the school.The object of the research is determined factors of students' reluctance to study.The aim of the research is to substantiate in theory and empirically investigate the factors of students' reluctance to study, whose disturb realize the right to education.The methodology of the research: the research was performed by questionnaire survey method. Two semi-closed-type questionnaires were prepared for students and schoolteachers. They include: 1) the demographic cluster, 2) a block of questions designed to explore the factors leading to students' intention/reluctance to learn, 3) unit designed to investigate students' self-assessment and future perspectives, 4) block of the school attendance of students, 5) unit for the examination of relationships between pupils and teachers, 6) questions about the lending assistance to the pupils' realizing their right to education.Pupils of the sixth and ninth forms, learning at general education schools participated in the analysis. On the whole 200 pupils (100 from each class) and 70 teachers were investigated.The hypothesis of the research confirmed, because the right of pupils in schools is not fully implemented because of the environmental factors that determine reluctance to learn.
Small-medium sized companies create a huge part of added value in the market and they make up over 99 % of all companies in European Union. So, it is of highest importance that their processes would be efficient and effective. Business Process Management is a methodology that is frequently applied in large enterprises in order to digitalize its processes, improve their efficiency. Though there is a lack of information on the application of such methodology in the environment of small-medium sized business. When compared to large enterprises, small companies are facing constraints of limited financial and informational resources, but also, they usually are characterized by a fast decision making, rapid change implementation and higher work ethics and they are striving to use their resources in the most effective manner. All this considered, application of Business Process Management methodology, development of Business Process Management Systems and business process digitalization are beneficial for such companies, though the results of such initiatives can be unpredictable and even detrimental in case of a straightforward application. The aim of this research is to digitalize an order management process of a small optical retail business by applying principles of Business Process Management, evaluate the applicability of process optimization methods suggested by this methodology in the environment of small – medium sized businesses, identify the main benefits and drawbacks of business process management systems for small-medium sized companies and finally present recommendations with an intention of getting the best possible outcome of such initiative. After optimizing the order management process of a small optical retail business, we suggest an approach of process improvement for small-medium sized companies. Also, we have identified the main benefits of such initiative and present general recommendations for businesses of similar type, system analysts and developers with an aim of a higher rate of successful BPM and process digitalization initiatives in small-mediums sized businesses.
Small-medium sized companies create a huge part of added value in the market and they make up over 99 % of all companies in European Union. So, it is of highest importance that their processes would be efficient and effective. Business Process Management is a methodology that is frequently applied in large enterprises in order to digitalize its processes, improve their efficiency. Though there is a lack of information on the application of such methodology in the environment of small-medium sized business. When compared to large enterprises, small companies are facing constraints of limited financial and informational resources, but also, they usually are characterized by a fast decision making, rapid change implementation and higher work ethics and they are striving to use their resources in the most effective manner. All this considered, application of Business Process Management methodology, development of Business Process Management Systems and business process digitalization are beneficial for such companies, though the results of such initiatives can be unpredictable and even detrimental in case of a straightforward application. The aim of this research is to digitalize an order management process of a small optical retail business by applying principles of Business Process Management, evaluate the applicability of process optimization methods suggested by this methodology in the environment of small – medium sized businesses, identify the main benefits and drawbacks of business process management systems for small-medium sized companies and finally present recommendations with an intention of getting the best possible outcome of such initiative. After optimizing the order management process of a small optical retail business, we suggest an approach of process improvement for small-medium sized companies. Also, we have identified the main benefits of such initiative and present general recommendations for businesses of similar type, system analysts and developers with an aim of a higher rate of successful BPM and process digitalization initiatives in small-mediums sized businesses.
Small-medium sized companies create a huge part of added value in the market and they make up over 99 % of all companies in European Union. So, it is of highest importance that their processes would be efficient and effective. Business Process Management is a methodology that is frequently applied in large enterprises in order to digitalize its processes, improve their efficiency. Though there is a lack of information on the application of such methodology in the environment of small-medium sized business. When compared to large enterprises, small companies are facing constraints of limited financial and informational resources, but also, they usually are characterized by a fast decision making, rapid change implementation and higher work ethics and they are striving to use their resources in the most effective manner. All this considered, application of Business Process Management methodology, development of Business Process Management Systems and business process digitalization are beneficial for such companies, though the results of such initiatives can be unpredictable and even detrimental in case of a straightforward application. The aim of this research is to digitalize an order management process of a small optical retail business by applying principles of Business Process Management, evaluate the applicability of process optimization methods suggested by this methodology in the environment of small – medium sized businesses, identify the main benefits and drawbacks of business process management systems for small-medium sized companies and finally present recommendations with an intention of getting the best possible outcome of such initiative. After optimizing the order management process of a small optical retail business, we suggest an approach of process improvement for small-medium sized companies. Also, we have identified the main benefits of such initiative and present general recommendations for businesses of similar type, system analysts and developers with an aim of a higher rate of successful BPM and process digitalization initiatives in small-mediums sized businesses.
Small-medium sized companies create a huge part of added value in the market and they make up over 99 % of all companies in European Union. So, it is of highest importance that their processes would be efficient and effective. Business Process Management is a methodology that is frequently applied in large enterprises in order to digitalize its processes, improve their efficiency. Though there is a lack of information on the application of such methodology in the environment of small-medium sized business. When compared to large enterprises, small companies are facing constraints of limited financial and informational resources, but also, they usually are characterized by a fast decision making, rapid change implementation and higher work ethics and they are striving to use their resources in the most effective manner. All this considered, application of Business Process Management methodology, development of Business Process Management Systems and business process digitalization are beneficial for such companies, though the results of such initiatives can be unpredictable and even detrimental in case of a straightforward application. The aim of this research is to digitalize an order management process of a small optical retail business by applying principles of Business Process Management, evaluate the applicability of process optimization methods suggested by this methodology in the environment of small – medium sized businesses, identify the main benefits and drawbacks of business process management systems for small-medium sized companies and finally present recommendations with an intention of getting the best possible outcome of such initiative. After optimizing the order management process of a small optical retail business, we suggest an approach of process improvement for small-medium sized companies. Also, we have identified the main benefits of such initiative and present general recommendations for businesses of similar type, system analysts and developers with an aim of a higher rate of successful BPM and process digitalization initiatives in small-mediums sized businesses.
