Suchergebnisse

This article highlights some of the problematic issues related to the definition of the subjects of use of forensic technology nowadays, analysis of norms of the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, regulating the issues (procedure) of the use of technical means in criminal proceedings, particularly institute of the defense party in the part of the rights of the suspect, accused, their defense counsel, as well as scientific and substantiated proposals for their solution. The article deals with the essence of the concept of "forensic technique" in various aspects: as a section of forensic science and a set of technical means used in the investigation of criminal offenses. It explores the views of various Ukrainian scholars on the concept of "forensic engineering" and its place in modern legal science. The author analyzed the importance of scientific and technical means in forensic practice and considered the problem of legal definition of the concept of "technical and criminalistics means" The article identifies and describes the subjects of forensic technology, in particular, investigators, specialists, forensic experts and others forensic workers and operatives. The author draws attention to the problem of legislative regulation of the basics of use of forensic technology. Perspective directions of investigation of the place of forensic techniques in criminal proceedings are determined. In particular, attention was drawn to the need to clarify in the current Criminal Procedure Code the regulation of the procedure for the use of technical means by the subjects of criminal justice in the conduct of investigative actions, as well as the regulation of the legal bases for the use of forensic equipment in general. The author has highlighted the problematic aspects of the right of the suspect or accused to use technical means in carrying out the procedural actions in which he participates. The author emphasized the problem of lack of homogeneity in the scientific interpretation of the term "forensic ...

Methodical problems of selection of appropriate modeling techniques for simulation of political phenomenon or process are tested. The meaning of model and simulation, their connection with the theory, analogy and metaphor are analyzed. The possibilities of homomorphic models using are analyzed. It is concluded that the vast majority of political processes may be simulated only by homomorphic models. Short overview of the strengths and weaknesses of analytical, experimental and combined methods of building models is done. It is determined that attempt combining analytical and expert methods of building models in recent decades has generated so-called holistic approach to describe of complex systems. The characteristic of holistic approach is done. It is noted that the holistic approach involves a global description and is necessary in case of complex systems, where traditional reduction methods do not allow to analyze trends due to excessively large number of significant variables. ; Рассмотрены методические проблемы выбора методов моделирования, адекватных изучаемому политическому явлению или процессу. Анализируется содержание понятий модель и моделирование, их связь с теорией, аналогией и метафорой. Проанализированы возможности использования гомоморфных моделей. Сделан вывод о том, что для подавляющего большинства политических процессов возможно построение только гомоморфных моделей. Осуществлен обзор сильных и слабых сторон аналитических, экспериментальных и комбинированных методов построения моделей. Определено, что попытка сочетания аналитических и экспертных методов построения моделей в последние десятилетия породила т.н. холистический подход к описанию сложных систем. Дана характеристика холистического подхода. Отмечено, что холистический подход подразумевает глобальное описание и необходим в случае сложных систем, когда традиционные редукционистские методы не позволяют выполнить анализ тенденций вследствие чрезмерно большого числа значимых переменных. ; Розглянуто методичні проблеми вибору адекватних досліджуваному політичному явищу або процесу методів моделювання. Аналізується зміст понять модель та моделювання, їх зв'язок із теорією, аналогією та метафорою. Піддано аналізові можливості використання гомоморфних моделей. Зроблено висновок про те, що для переважної більшості політичних процесів можлива побудова лише гомоморфних моделей. Здійснено огляд сильних та слабких сторін аналітичних, експериментальних та комбінованих методів побудови моделей. Визначено, що спроба поєднання аналітичних та експертних методів побудови моделей в останні десятиріччя породила т.зв. холістичний підхід до опису складних систем. Надано характеристику холістичного підходу. Зазначено, що холістичний підхід має на увазі глобальний опис та є необхідним у разі складних систем, коли традиційні редукціонистські методи не дозволяють виконати аналіз тенденцій внаслідок надмірно великого числа значущих змінних.

Methodical problems of selection of appropriate modeling techniques for simulation of political phenomenon or process are tested. The meaning of model and simulation, their connection with the theory, analogy and metaphor are analyzed. The possibilities of homomorphic models using are analyzed. It is concluded that the vast majority of political processes may be simulated only by homomorphic models. Short overview of the strengths and weaknesses of analytical, experimental and combined methods of building models is done. It is determined that attempt combining analytical and expert methods of building models in recent decades has generated so-called holistic approach to describe of complex systems. The characteristic of holistic approach is done. It is noted that the holistic approach involves a global description and is necessary in case of complex systems, where traditional reduction methods do not allow to analyze trends due to excessively large number of significant variables. ; Рассмотрены методические проблемы выбора методов моделирования, адекватных изучаемому политическому явлению или процессу. Анализируется содержание понятий модель и моделирование, их связь с теорией, аналогией и метафорой. Проанализированы возможности использования гомоморфных моделей. Сделан вывод о том, что для подавляющего большинства политических процессов возможно построение только гомоморфных моделей. Осуществлен обзор сильных и слабых сторон аналитических, экспериментальных и комбинированных методов построения моделей. Определено, что попытка сочетания аналитических и экспертных методов построения моделей в последние десятилетия породила т.н. холистический подход к описанию сложных систем. Дана характеристика холистического подхода. Отмечено, что холистический подход подразумевает глобальное описание и необходим в случае сложных систем, когда традиционные редукционистские методы не позволяют выполнить анализ тенденций вследствие чрезмерно большого числа значимых переменных. ; Розглянуто методичні проблеми вибору адекватних досліджуваному політичному явищу або процесу методів моделювання. Аналізується зміст понять модель та моделювання, їх зв'язок із теорією, аналогією та метафорою. Піддано аналізові можливості використання гомоморфних моделей. Зроблено висновок про те, що для переважної більшості політичних процесів можлива побудова лише гомоморфних моделей. Здійснено огляд сильних та слабких сторін аналітичних, експериментальних та комбінованих методів побудови моделей. Визначено, що спроба поєднання аналітичних та експертних методів побудови моделей в останні десятиріччя породила т.зв. холістичний підхід до опису складних систем. Надано характеристику холістичного підходу. Зазначено, що холістичний підхід має на увазі глобальний опис та є необхідним у разі складних систем, коли традиційні редукціонистські методи не дозволяють виконати аналіз тенденцій внаслідок надмірно великого числа значущих змінних.

Now there is a tendency of increasing the number of automated and robotic manufacturing processes at the machine-building enterprises and the enterprises of maintenance and repair of railway equipment.In accordance with this tendency there is a need in development and analysis of safety requirements to the machine. This work analyzes the most important stages of the life cycle of the robots and the risks that occurring during this period, it is necessary for the further development of standards related to the safe operation of machinery at work.In the European Union producers, distributors and users of all industrial facilities must follow the instructions of the Machinery Directive. The Directive recognizes exactly that machines can not be a source of danger for those working in the industry. Unfortunately, there is no technology without risks, because the aim should be to achieve an acceptable risk

У статті публічний виступ розглядається як приклад англомовного усного монологічного персуазивного мовлення, окреслено домінантну комунікативну стратегію та тактики виступів, які надихають, агітаційних виступів та власне переконливих виступів. Запропоновано модель організації процесу навчання студентів англійського усного монологічного персуазивного мовлення у жанрі публічного виступу. https://doi.org/10.17721/2663-0303.2018.2.09 ; Background: Developing speaking skills has always occupied a prominent place in foreign languages programmes. But nowadays, mastering public speaking has become an urgent need for Philology majors. It is therefore timely to research the communicative strategies used in public speeches and suggest the model for teaching public speaking to undergraduate students.Purpose: The purpose of the article is to characterise public speeches as samples of English persuasive speaking and develop the model for teaching public speaking to Philology majors.Results: Public speaking employs persuasion as a key communication strategy. The persuasive strategy is realized through argumentative techniques (explaining logically the subject matter and encouraging the communication partner to accept necessary ideas), emotional techniques (creating the appropriate atmosphere and affecting the audience emotionally), value-based techniques (used to convince the audience by providing an assessment of the event).The article differentiates the types of public speeches (inspiring speeches, propaganda, persuasive speeches) in the political and mass media contexts. In the process of training, students are supposed to master effective argumentative, emotive and value techniques as well as relevant verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal communication means to produce public speeches in English.Discussion: Public speeches have been identified as effective material to teach persuasive speaking to Philology majors. The model of teaching public speaking to undergraduate students has been discussed.

У статті публічний виступ розглядається як приклад англомовного усного монологічного персуазивного мовлення, окреслено домінантну комунікативну стратегію та тактики виступів, які надихають, агітаційних виступів та власне переконливих виступів. Запропоновано модель організації процесу навчання студентів англійського усного монологічного персуазивного мовлення у жанрі публічного виступу. https://doi.org/10.17721/2663-0303.2018.2.09 ; Background: Developing speaking skills has always occupied a prominent place in foreign languages programmes. But nowadays, mastering public speaking has become an urgent need for Philology majors. It is therefore timely to research the communicative strategies used in public speeches and suggest the model for teaching public speaking to undergraduate students.Purpose: The purpose of the article is to characterise public speeches as samples of English persuasive speaking and develop the model for teaching public speaking to Philology majors.Results: Public speaking employs persuasion as a key communication strategy. The persuasive strategy is realized through argumentative techniques (explaining logically the subject matter and encouraging the communication partner to accept necessary ideas), emotional techniques (creating the appropriate atmosphere and affecting the audience emotionally), value-based techniques (used to convince the audience by providing an assessment of the event).The article differentiates the types of public speeches (inspiring speeches, propaganda, persuasive speeches) in the political and mass media contexts. In the process of training, students are supposed to master effective argumentative, emotive and value techniques as well as relevant verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal communication means to produce public speeches in English.Discussion: Public speeches have been identified as effective material to teach persuasive speaking to Philology majors. The model of teaching public speaking to undergraduate students has been discussed.

Problem setting. The demographic situation in Ukraine and the nature of social and economic processes, which inextricably are connected with increasing human potential, show that the reproductive health of population is a factor of state importance, national security and development of our state, as well as the success factor of Ukrainian society. The conceptual positions of the authorities on the basic provisions of reproductive health regulation are an important part of the management processes and implementation of state policies in the field of public health and provision of medical services. Recent research and publications analysis. Scientific works of modern foreign and domestic authors, such as: V. Averianov, S. Brauns, D. Puhach, B. Khartman, M. Shchyrban and other authors, who are engaged in scientific substantiation of issues of state regulation in the field of health care, were dedicated to the development of reproductive health issues; as well as practicing lawyers, such as: S. Antonov, O. Babych, V. Zukin and others, who focused their research on the protection of rights of the subjects during application of the assisted reproductive techniques. At the same time, it should be noted that the vast majority of modern research focuses on the legal aspect of administrative and legal regulation of the provision of medical services in the field of assisted reproductive techniques. The scholars have considered only certain legal aspects. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem: detection and identification of weaknesses and strengths in legal regulation of relations in the process of providing medical services in the field of assisted reproductive techniques, and possible directions for the development of legislation in this area. The purpose of the study is to determine the legal framework for regulating the provision of medical services in the field of assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine. Paper main body. The purpose of the article is to determine the legal basis for management of processes of provision of medical services in the field of the assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine. The article analyzes the current regulations of different legal force that constitute the legal basis for management of provision of medical services in the field of the assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine. The international, national and departmental levels of regulation of medical services in this area have been identified and studied. It has been determined that the state policy in the field of reproductive health protection goes beyond the competence of the health care sector and becomes a priority of the national security policy. On the other hand, the existing legislative and regulatory sphere of Ukraine is favorable for solving the problems of reproductive health and family planning. However, state monitoring of reproductive health and family planning legislation are unfortunately ineffective: insufficient and volatile funding for measures hampers the desired results. It is necessary constantly to supplement and update existing regulations, taking into account international legal instruments and economic, social and sectoral reforms in Ukraine. The article analyzes five legislative drafts that are currently being considered by the Parliament. Based on this, were identified the trends in development of regulations governing the management of provision of medical services in the field of assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine in the coming years, the main of which is gradual liberalization of the legislation. The main problems are the following: the legal status of surrogate mothers (birth mothers), genetic parents, donors of the reproductive cells. All these shall be regulated by the legislation. Now this issue actually remains in the field of contractual relations. The genetic parents are also at the particular risk. All parties involved in such relationship need the protection. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The trend of recent years in legal regulation of the provision of medical services in the field of the assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine is liberalization of the legislation. Based on the law, the conclusions of experts, it can be noted that the regulation of medical services to ensure the application of ART still has a number of problems, namely: improper implementation of powers and authority regarding regulatory and legal regulation of the state sectoral bodies in the field of health care; insufficient efficiency of functioning of the ART financing mechanism used by the State; shortage and low level of qualification of medical staff; low and inefficient implementation of oversight functions by the authorized public administration bodies in the field of ART, etc. The promising areas of scientific research include such proposals for solving the abovementioned problems as: a continuous analysis of the practice of implementation of legal provisions in the field of health care, in particular the ART; identification and elimination of gaps in legal regulation of medical services in the field of the ART; development of mechanisms of professional liability for medical staff; establishment of guarantees and measures of social support for medical staff; development and implementation of mechanisms for monitoring the activities of all stakeholders during the application of the ART. ; Проаналізовано чинні нормативно-правові акти, які становлять законодавче підґрунтя надання медичних послуг із допоміжних репродуктивних технологій в Україні різної юридичної сили, виявлено прогалини регламентації, перспективні напрями для розвитку галузі. Визначено та досліджено міжнародний, національний і відомчий рівні регулювання надання медичних послуг у цій сфері. Встановлено, що державна політика у сфері охорони репродуктивного здоров'я населення виходить за межі компетенції винятково сфери охорони здоров'я і набуває ознак першочергових завдань національної політики. Завдяки аналізу п'яти законопроектів, які мають регулювати надання медичних послуг у цій сфері, визначено основні тенденції розвитку державної політики, такі як лібералізація законодавства, розширення спектру послуг, розширення джерел фінансування тощо.

Problem setting. The demographic situation in Ukraine and the nature of social and economic processes, which inextricably are connected with increasing human potential, show that the reproductive health of population is a factor of state importance, national security and development of our state, as well as the success factor of Ukrainian society. The conceptual positions of the authorities on the basic provisions of reproductive health regulation are an important part of the management processes and implementation of state policies in the field of public health and provision of medical services. Recent research and publications analysis. Scientific works of modern foreign and domestic authors, such as: V. Averianov, S. Brauns, D. Puhach, B. Khartman, M. Shchyrban and other authors, who are engaged in scientific substantiation of issues of state regulation in the field of health care, were dedicated to the development of reproductive health issues; as well as practicing lawyers, such as: S. Antonov, O. Babych, V. Zukin and others, who focused their research on the protection of rights of the subjects during application of the assisted reproductive techniques. At the same time, it should be noted that the vast majority of modern research focuses on the legal aspect of administrative and legal regulation of the provision of medical services in the field of assisted reproductive techniques. The scholars have considered only certain legal aspects. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem: detection and identification of weaknesses and strengths in legal regulation of relations in the process of providing medical services in the field of assisted reproductive techniques, and possible directions for the development of legislation in this area. The purpose of the study is to determine the legal framework for regulating the provision of medical services in the field of assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine. Paper main body. The purpose of the article is to determine the legal basis for management of processes of provision of medical services in the field of the assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine. The article analyzes the current regulations of different legal force that constitute the legal basis for management of provision of medical services in the field of the assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine. The international, national and departmental levels of regulation of medical services in this area have been identified and studied. It has been determined that the state policy in the field of reproductive health protection goes beyond the competence of the health care sector and becomes a priority of the national security policy. On the other hand, the existing legislative and regulatory sphere of Ukraine is favorable for solving the problems of reproductive health and family planning. However, state monitoring of reproductive health and family planning legislation are unfortunately ineffective: insufficient and volatile funding for measures hampers the desired results. It is necessary constantly to supplement and update existing regulations, taking into account international legal instruments and economic, social and sectoral reforms in Ukraine. The article analyzes five legislative drafts that are currently being considered by the Parliament. Based on this, were identified the trends in development of regulations governing the management of provision of medical services in the field of assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine in the coming years, the main of which is gradual liberalization of the legislation. The main problems are the following: the legal status of surrogate mothers (birth mothers), genetic parents, donors of the reproductive cells. All these shall be regulated by the legislation. Now this issue actually remains in the field of contractual relations. The genetic parents are also at the particular risk. All parties involved in such relationship need the protection. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The trend of recent years in legal regulation of the provision of medical services in the field of the assisted reproductive techniques in Ukraine is liberalization of the legislation. Based on the law, the conclusions of experts, it can be noted that the regulation of medical services to ensure the application of ART still has a number of problems, namely: improper implementation of powers and authority regarding regulatory and legal regulation of the state sectoral bodies in the field of health care; insufficient efficiency of functioning of the ART financing mechanism used by the State; shortage and low level of qualification of medical staff; low and inefficient implementation of oversight functions by the authorized public administration bodies in the field of ART, etc. The promising areas of scientific research include such proposals for solving the abovementioned problems as: a continuous analysis of the practice of implementation of legal provisions in the field of health care, in particular the ART; identification and elimination of gaps in legal regulation of medical services in the field of the ART; development of mechanisms of professional liability for medical staff; establishment of guarantees and measures of social support for medical staff; development and implementation of mechanisms for monitoring the activities of all stakeholders during the application of the ART. ; Проаналізовано чинні нормативно-правові акти, які становлять законодавче підґрунтя надання медичних послуг із допоміжних репродуктивних технологій в Україні різної юридичної сили, виявлено прогалини регламентації, перспективні напрями для розвитку галузі. Визначено та досліджено міжнародний, національний і відомчий рівні регулювання надання медичних послуг у цій сфері. Встановлено, що державна політика у сфері охорони репродуктивного здоров'я населення виходить за межі компетенції винятково сфери охорони здоров'я і набуває ознак першочергових завдань національної політики. Завдяки аналізу п'яти законопроектів, які мають регулювати надання медичних послуг у цій сфері, визначено основні тенденції розвитку державної політики, такі як лібералізація законодавства, розширення спектру послуг, розширення джерел фінансування тощо.

The transformation of quality of education considering social, economic, and political changes taking place in life of the global society is studied. The author analyzes various social factors the impact of which determines the transformation of quality of education regarding it to be one of the main preconditions for an ever-progressive human development. ; The transformation of quality of education considering social,economic, and political changes taking place in life of the global societyis studied. The author analyzes various social factors the impact of whichdetermines the transformation of quality of education regarding it to beone of the main preconditions for an ever-progressive humandevelopment.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the legal technique of criminal law rules formation. In our study, the principles and techniques of formal-logical methodology are used, as well as the structural-functional approach is applied. Identifying cross-sectoral links in lawmaking is based on the functional nature of law in general and regulatory means in particular. In addition, dialectical, system-structural and functional methods, the method of interpretation (applied to the current criminal law rules) are used in the paper. Using the formal-legal method, the relationship between the content and form of criminal law rules with the use of legal techniques is traced. Scientific novelty lies in the theoretical understanding and delineation of legal techniques for the formation of criminal law. It is shown that in addition to defects in legal definitions and constructions, there are often conflicts between textually enshrined rules of law. The coordination of actions on the part of law-making bodies adopting by-laws and on the part of the parliament, which should take into account the needs of development and concretization of the provisions of the law in the future, is substantiated.In fact, outside of scientific knowledge at this stage, there is a huge area of legal technology, associated with its features in various fields of law. Obviously, the legal technique in each area has its own specifics. Identification and analysis of factors that cause technical and legal shortcomings improves the quality and efficiency of lawmaking. This does not seem to be enough, because there is no single systematic understanding of the situation in lawmaking in general as well as in criminal law field in particular.It is necessary to direct the technical and legal assessment to eliminate specific shortcomings of system-forming factors in particular. The imperfection of legal acts is a constant source of insufficiently thought-out law-making decisions.As a result of the research, it is argued that in the process of adopting a law-making decision in the field of criminal law, it is necessary to proceed, first of all, from their expediency, objective necessity. It is necessary to take into account the assessment of the consequences arising from the implementation of the rule of law, in particular, how they will affect such processes as latency, corruption, recidivism, as well as the disclosure of their crimes. It is argued that from a technical and legal point of view, it is necessary to make a scientific foresight of the expected positive and negative consequences that arise as a result of issuing a certain law-making decision. The results of the study can be used in lawmaking to improve the quality and effectiveness of criminal law, as well as to reform the Criminal Code of Ukraine. ; Метою дослідження є розкрити особливості юридичної техніки формування норм кримінального права. У нашому дослідженні використано принципи і прийоми формально-логічної методології, а також застосовано структурно-функціональний підхід. Виявлення міжгалузевих зв'язків у правотворчості побудоване на функціональній природі права в цілому і регулятивних засобах нормативно-правових актів зокрема. Крім того, в роботі отримали застосування діалектичний, системно-структурний і функціональний методи, метод інтерпретації (в застосуванні до чинних норм кримінального права). За допомогою формально-юридичного методу простежено взаємозв'язки між змістом і формою норм кримінального права зі застосуванням юридичної техніки. Здійснено теоретичне осмис-лення та окреслено юридичну техніку формування норм кримінального права. Показано, що, крім дефектів правових дефініцій та конструкцій, нерідко трапляються колізії між текстуально закріпленими нормами права. Обґрунтовано узгодження дій з боку право-творчих органів, що приймають підзаконні нормативно-правові акти та з боку парламенту, який має враховувати потреби розвитку і конкретизації положень закону в майбутньому. У результаті дослідження аргументовано, що у процесі вироблення правотворчого рішення в галузі кримінального права варто керуватися перш за все їх доцільністю, об'єктивною необхідністю. Треба враховувати оцінку наслідків, що виникають в результаті реалізації норм права, зокрема, як вони впливатимуть на такі процеси, як латентизація, коруп-ціогенність, рецидивність злочинності, а також на розкриття, передбачених ними злочинів. Аргументовано, що з техніко-юридичного погляду доцільно робити науковий прогноз очікуваних позитивних та негативних наслідків, які виникають у результаті видання певного правотворчого рішення. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані у право-творчості для підвищення якості та ефективності кримінального законодавства, а також для реформування Кримінального кодексу України.

In the conditions of globalization, the intensification of relations between different States is taking place; the formation of a common market of capital, technologies and goods is formed. In this merged market there is a segment of the labor market, in which intellectual migration plays an extremely important role. At the present phase, migration processes attract more and more attention of scientists in all leading countries of the world. A special place takes intellectual migration. Human bieng, the human factor, especially their intellect, the educational potential has become a real capital. And migration itself forms the bulk of this capital. Migration is becoming more and more differentiated in terms of educational, qualification and professional characteristics, constantly involving new categories and groups of people in the staffing exchange. From ancient times, intellectual migration has been characterized by the constant movement of scientific staff between universities, which, obviously, determined the growth of prestige and the scientific, educational level of a university. Even in the history of Ukraine we can mention Yury Drohobych (Kotermak), professor and rector of the University of Bologna, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Mykhailo Drahomanov, professor at the Higher School in Sofia (now - Sofia University), etc. The present dictates similar needs in intelligence, which is addressed by promising scientists in the search for self-realization. Disproportionately smaller is the "flow" of scientific personnel to Ukraine. But such examples also take place. James Mace, a well-known historian, political scientist, researcher of the Holodomor, moved to Ukraine for scientific research and linked his scientific and livelihood with our country. In Ukraine, such migration processes are characterized by dynamism, diversity and a set of causes, not only of internal scientific, but also socio-economic nature. Over the past decades, part of the scientists who were unable to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions of post-Soviet Ukraine and could not "stay in science" by migrating to other areas of human activity, for example, in business or migrating to other countries. This, in turn, led to an imbalance in the scientific and educational spheres, and created new challenges and threats to the national educational and scientific sector, which affected the level of technical and technological development of Ukraine. The main goals of this paper is to determine the specifics of migration processes in the intellectual sphere, to identify their causes and social mechanisms, to analyze general and special factors of intellectual migration, to identify trends in intellectual migration and to create the appropriate conditions for the development of intellectual potential of Ukraine. Modern international intellectual migration is made up of two parts: highly qualified specialists who migrate from one developed country to another (mainly within Europe) and from specialists from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Developing countries (this group can be safely attributed to Ukraine), as a result of the "outflow of intelligence" are experiencing great complications due to the lack of high-skilled and secondary education. That is why the "outflow of intelligence" is seen as the migration of highly skilled and talented specialists from poor and / or isolated countries to industrial centers. This process is permanent, and is steadily gaining momentum, increasing the flows of highly skilled migrants to the European Union States, and especially the United States of America.

One of the most important decisions that entrepreneurs and investors adopt in the process of their activities to obtain a positive micro- and macroeconomic result is the placement of monetary funds into ranked financial instruments. Such a decision requires understanding of investment features and risks for all classes of assets. A special attention should be paid to derivatives as their use, despite high effectiveness, is not commonly practiced in Ukraine. The aim of present work is a theoretical study of financial and organizational prerequisites for hedging, particularly, to identify obstacles to the introduction of this technique, including when working with derivatives, in risk management, formation of conceptual approaches to assess and overcome obstacles in the effective application of hedging strategy. Main problems in the application of hedging technique for the work with derivatives at domestic enterprises and financial markets of Ukraine are characterized. We substantiated a hedging technique as an alternative, by efficiency, method in risk management. The most common financial techniques are characterized, which include natural and synthetic types of hedging. A structure of the financial market is revealed, and financial negotiable instruments -objects of application of hedging technique- are classified. A system of participants in the Ukrainian stock market is presented. We described the essence of technique and certain methods of hedging. Micro-and macroeconomic obstacles are identified when applying hedging relative to derivatives: unsubstantiated number of exchanges, weakly-developed legal-normative base, insufficient warrants of property rights to foreign investors, lack of actual delivery of the base asset, low investment attractiveness of Ukraine, lack of a unified regulator for financial markets, absence of hedgers, small volumes of transactions for all futures, low level of financial literacy among the population. The scientific novelty of present research is in outlining the aspects of practical implementation of hedging technique into risk management in dealing with derivatives. Results of the study might be used by legal entities when managing risks in operational and financial activities. Further research into the scientific problem specified may be directed to regulate drivers of profitable business activity by innovative and progressive methods and techniques.

The subject of the study is the justification for the need for further decentralization processes in Ukraine. The aim of the study is to analyze the results of the reform of decentralization of power in Ukraine, to identify the problems and risks that accompany the modern process of decentralization. Research methods. In the work uses a set of scientific methods that reveal the essence of the modern process of decentralization reform, including grouping and benchmarking techniques for building tables; systemic, historical, logical methods that help to reveal the dynamics of decentralization processes and ensure the effectiveness of research. Results of work. Based on the study of the formation of united collectives over the 5 years, it can be argued that the most successful are the territorial associations of cities of regional significance, which have the highest development potential, are less dependent on subsidies, have the ability to form resources from their own sources. For small territorial associations, it is necessary to consider issues regarding their territorial expansion and corresponding increase in population. The field of application of results. System of financial sciences for public administration, economics and public finance management. Conclusions. Decentralization processes in modern conditions of reforming the economy of Ukraine are investigated; problems and risks regarding the further formation of united collectives are examined.

An attempt is made to theoretically substantiate the study of the problem of psychological recovery techniques for persons who have experienced psycho-traumatic events. In particular, the use of recovery techniques in the process of psychological rehabilitation of combatants is theoretically substantiated. The concept of psychological rehabilitation of combatants is analyzed. The stages of psychologicalrehab ilitation of combatants were identified. The effectiveness of psychological recovery techniques based on the method of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy is substantiated. The features of the Psychological Recovery Skills Program (NIP), which consists of five separate techniques, are characterized. The peculiarities of each technique of psychological recovery in the process of psychological rehabilitation of combatants are given. The technique of forming problem solving skills, technique of encouraging positive activity, technique of reaction management, technique of development of constructive thinking are analyzed; the technique of restoring healthy social connections. The psychoeducational explanation of each technique for the psychologist's work with the participants of the fighting in the process of their psychological rehabilitation is presented. A clear algorithm for conducting psychological recovery techniques in the work of a psychologist with combatants is formulated. The results of research on the problem show that the program of psychological recovery skills (NSA) is a training of psychological recovery techniques that can be applied in the work of a psychologist with participants in combat in the process of psychological rehabilitation. Training of skills (technicians) promotes greater self-efficacy, accompanies states after experiencing psycho-trauma, restores feelings of control and competence of combatants, has a proven scientific base, is available for use in any place of their stay, in particular, in military medical clinical centers. ; Зроблено спробу теоретично обґрунтувати вивчення проблеми технік психологічного відновлення для осіб, які пережили психотравмуючі події. Зокрема, теоретично обґрунтовано використання технік відновлення в процесі психологічної реабілітації учасників бойових дій. Проаналізовано поняття психологічної реабілітації учасників бойових дій. Виокремлено етапи психологічної реабілітації учасників бойових дій. Обґрунтовано ефективність технік психологічного відновлення, що базуються на тоді когнітивно-поведінкової психотерапії. Охарактеризовано особливості проведення програми навичок психологічного відновлення (НПВ), що складається з п'яти окремих технік. Подано особливості проведення кожної техніки психологічного відновлення в процесі психологічної реабілітації учасників бойових дій. Проаналізовано техніку формування на вички вирішення проблем, техніку заохочення позитивної діяльності, техніку управління реакціями, техніку розвитку конструктивного мислення; техніку відновлення здорових соціальних зв'язків. Подано психоедукативне пояснення кожної техніки для роботи психолога з учасниками бойових дій в процесі їх психологічної реабілітації. Сформульовано чіткий алгоритм проведення технік психологічн ого відновлення у роботі психолога з учасниками бойових дій.Результати досліджень проблеми показують, що програма навичок психологічного відновлення (НПВ) – це тренінг технік психологічного відновлення, що можна застосовувати у роботі психолога з учасниками бойових дій в процесі психологічної реабілітації. Тренінг навичок (технік) сприяє більшій самоефективності, супроводжує стани після пережитої психотравми, відновлює почуття контролю та компетентності учасників бойових дій, має доказову наукову базу, є доступним у застосуванні в будь-яких місцях їх перебування, зокрема, у військових медичних клінічних центрах.

In the modern political process, an important role is played by political actors who really influence the political process. The most active actors in the political process include political leaders, political parties, public organizations, etc., which, depending on the level of maturity of civil society in a particular country, influence political decision-making processes and the implementation of national and local policies. The political regimes of different states stimulate or inhibit the initiative of the subjects of the political process. However, the subjects of the political process are able to change the features of a particular political regime. Political institutions functioning in the political process go through the following eight stages. First, it is important for a political institution to define a goal that allows you to clearly define the goals and directions of its activities, which in turn increases its subjectivity. Second, political institutions must make political predictions to increase the effectiveness of their political activities. Third, the ability to make the right political decisions is important for a political institution. Fourth, in order to achieve their goal, political institutions must carry out political socialization and political mobilization, which increases their subjectivity. Fifth, political institutions implement the planned goals and adjust tactical activities. Sixth, political institutions must monitor the implementation of political decisions. Seventh, political institutions must analyze and summarize their political activities. Eighth, political institutions must define new strategies in their political activities, which allows them to increase their subjectivity.