Suchergebnisse

This thesis studies three major reforms in the public sector of Norway. The sectors studied are the police, higher education, and primary schools. The main motive for studying these reforms are of a theoretical nature, the reason to study them is to produce general knowledge about reforms. The study aims to answer two main questions. One is about the possibilities and limitations contained in using reforms to change organizations. The second is about how organizations can promote the ideals of representative democracy. In its efforts to attain answers to these questions the thesis blends empirically-oriented research with aspects of organization theory and political theory. The thesis is divided into four different parts. First, there is a descriptive presentation of the three reforms. Secondly, there is a discussion of various theories of reforms and organizations. The primary aim of this analysis is to illuminate and explain the empirical data, but this discussion should also provide its own answers to the main questions asked in the thesis. Thirdly, these theories are applied to analyze data from the three reforms. And finally, the study concludes with a summary of what general insights about the reforms we are left with after studying the Quality Reform, The Police Reform 2000, and the Knowledge Reform. The study shows that reforms have both policy and content aspects, and that it is important to distinguish between the two in order to analyse and understand them. The policy aspect is that reforms are a strategy for change - they are tools for implementing change in organizations. The content aspect is that reforms have a specific content - they have certain objectives that they want to realize. The study concludes that in order to understand this complex and fascinating phenomenon, we need to understand reforms both as instrumental tools, institutional adaptations and symbols.

This article explores the diffusion of trust-based management (TBM) and how trust-based management affects trust between managers and employees, as well as organizational results. The idea of trust-based management stems from reforms in Copenhagen municipality in 2012 and has since spread to the public sector in Norway and Sweden. Trust-based management is perceived by many as an innovation and as different from traditional governance and control. There have recently been some studies of trust-based management in Denmark and Sweden, but so far there are few empirically based studies of trust-based management beyond case studies. This analysis uses survey data from 143 managers and employees in public sector organizations in Norway and the article is the first analysis of the diffusion of trust-based management and its impact on organizational performance in Norway. The results indicate that there has been little change in trust-based management in recent years, and municipalities seem to have more trust-based management than central government organizations. Multivariate analyses with PLS-SEM show that increased trust-based management is positively related to organizational performance directly as well as positively related to organizational performance via trust, as expected from theory. ; Denne artikkelen utforsker utbredelsen av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse (TBSL) og hvordan tillitsbasert styring og ledelse påvirker tillit mellom ledere og ansatte og organisasjoners resultater i offentlig sektor i Norge. Idéen om tillitsbasert styring og ledelse springer ut fra reformer i København kommune i 2012 og har siden spredd seg til den offentlige sektoren i Norge og Sverige. Tillitsbasert styring og ledelse blir av mange oppfattet som en innovasjon og forskjellig fra tradisjonell styring og kontroll. Det er nå kommet en del studier av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse i Danmark og Sverige, men det er så langt få empirisk baserte studier av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse utover case-studier. Analysen bruker spørreskjemadata fra 143 ledere og ansatte i offentlig virksomhet, og dette er den første analysen av utbredelsen av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse og dens virkninger i Norge. Resultatene viser at det har vært lite endring i tillitsbasert styring og ledelse de siste årene, og kommunene hadde mer tillitsbasert styring og ledelse enn statlige organisasjoner. Multivariate analyser med PLS-SEM viser at økt tillitsbasert styring og ledelse har en direkte positiv sammenheng med organisasjonsresultater så vel som en positiv indirekte sammenheng med organisasjonsresultater gjennom tillit, som forventet fra teorien.

The article discusses opportunities and challenges related to co-ordination across governance levels. The challenge is at least threefold: partly related to the balance between continuity and change, specifically the ability of public administration to balance a stable core while adjusting, updating and reforming; partly the balance between efficiency and legitimacy, more precisely the ability to solve short-term problems in the face of crises and long-term challenges related to legitimate solutions in general and parliamentary anchoring specifically; partly the dilemma between political-administrative order in turbulent times, specifically how public institutions deal with crises and difficult problems when the relationships between problem and solution are difficult to understand and challenging to control. The article discusses these dilemmas in what is presented as a European multilevel administrative state. ; Artikkelen diskuterer muligheter og utfordringer knyttet til koordinering på tvers av styringsnivåer. Utfordringen er minst tredelt: Dels knyttet til balansen mellom kontinuitet og endring, nærmere bestemt evnen offentlig forvaltning har til å balansere en stabil kjerne samtidig som den justerer, oppdaterer og reformerer; dels balansen mellom effektivitet og legitimitet, nærmere bestemt evnen til kortsiktig problemløsningen i møtet med kriser og langsiktige utfordringer knyttet til legitime løsninger generelt og parlamentarisk forankring konkret; dels dilemmaet mellom politisk-administrativ orden i turbulente tider, nærmere bestemt hvordan offentlige institusjoner håndterer kriser og vanskelige problemer når sammenhengene mellom problem og løsning er vanskelige å forstå og krevende å kontrollere. Artikkelen diskuterer disse dilemmaene i det som fremstilles som en europeisk administrativ flernivåstat.