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This thesis proposes a thorough analysis of the resilience of socio-environmental in two communities of hunter / gatherers, Baka of Cameroon. These communities formerly nomadic lived in the forest where they drew most of their life and survival. Today they have been displaced from their ancestral lands for the sake of creating protected areas, agro-industrial, forestry and execution of major mining projects, these communities are more than ever in touch Standing with "big black" or Bantu largely influence their lifestyle (hunting, gathering and fishing) and often determine their future. To cope with these changes, the government of Cameroon and national and international organizations through extensive programs accompany gradually Baka to rebuild a new life that incorporates the requirements of "modernity." Despite this support, these people are still under the influence of scourges such as alcoholism, disease, malnutrition, marginalization, in schooling, non-recognition of their rights, etc… How do they cope with the changes occurring in their lives? The thesis aims to identify the different mutations, to describe and analyze the strategies established by the Baka to adapt. Some mutations may appear on the surface without question a fundamental attachment to the forest and some ancestral values. However, different exogenous pressures (such as settlement, globalization) and endogenous (such as attitude of individuals, transmission) which determine the degree of progress of the various mutations should not be underestimated, as they are a threat to development. ; Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la résilience des mutations socio-environnementales au sein d'une communauté de chasseurs/cueilleurs, les Baka du Cameroun. Cette communauté, jadis nomade habitait la forêt où elle tirait l'essentiel de sa vie et survie. Aujourd'hui qu'elle a été déplacée de ses terroirs ancestraux pour des raisons de création d'aires protégées, de complexes agro-industriels, d'exploitation forestière et d'exécution de ...

This thesis proposes a thorough analysis of the resilience of socio-environmental in two communities of hunter / gatherers, Baka of Cameroon. These communities formerly nomadic lived in the forest where they drew most of their life and survival. Today they have been displaced from their ancestral lands for the sake of creating protected areas, agro-industrial, forestry and execution of major mining projects, these communities are more than ever in touch Standing with "big black" or Bantu largely influence their lifestyle (hunting, gathering and fishing) and often determine their future. To cope with these changes, the government of Cameroon and national and international organizations through extensive programs accompany gradually Baka to rebuild a new life that incorporates the requirements of "modernity." Despite this support, these people are still under the influence of scourges such as alcoholism, disease, malnutrition, marginalization, in schooling, non-recognition of their rights, etc… How do they cope with the changes occurring in their lives? The thesis aims to identify the different mutations, to describe and analyze the strategies established by the Baka to adapt. Some mutations may appear on the surface without question a fundamental attachment to the forest and some ancestral values. However, different exogenous pressures (such as settlement, globalization) and endogenous (such as attitude of individuals, transmission) which determine the degree of progress of the various mutations should not be underestimated, as they are a threat to development. ; Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la résilience des mutations socio-environnementales au sein d'une communauté de chasseurs/cueilleurs, les Baka du Cameroun. Cette communauté, jadis nomade habitait la forêt où elle tirait l'essentiel de sa vie et survie. Aujourd'hui qu'elle a été déplacée de ses terroirs ancestraux pour des raisons de création d'aires protégées, de complexes agro-industriels, d'exploitation forestière et d'exécution de ...

This thesis proposes a thorough analysis of the resilience of socio-environmental in two communities of hunter / gatherers, Baka of Cameroon. These communities formerly nomadic lived in the forest where they drew most of their life and survival. Today they have been displaced from their ancestral lands for the sake of creating protected areas, agro-industrial, forestry and execution of major mining projects, these communities are more than ever in touch Standing with "big black" or Bantu largely influence their lifestyle (hunting, gathering and fishing) and often determine their future. To cope with these changes, the government of Cameroon and national and international organizations through extensive programs accompany gradually Baka to rebuild a new life that incorporates the requirements of "modernity." Despite this support, these people are still under the influence of scourges such as alcoholism, disease, malnutrition, marginalization, in schooling, non-recognition of their rights, etc… How do they cope with the changes occurring in their lives? The thesis aims to identify the different mutations, to describe and analyze the strategies established by the Baka to adapt. Some mutations may appear on the surface without question a fundamental attachment to the forest and some ancestral values. However, different exogenous pressures (such as settlement, globalization) and endogenous (such as attitude of individuals, transmission) which determine the degree of progress of the various mutations should not be underestimated, as they are a threat to development. ; Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la résilience des mutations socio-environnementales au sein d'une communauté de chasseurs/cueilleurs, les Baka du Cameroun. Cette communauté, jadis nomade habitait la forêt où elle tirait l'essentiel de sa vie et survie. Aujourd'hui qu'elle a été déplacée de ses terroirs ancestraux pour des raisons de création d'aires protégées, de complexes agro-industriels, d'exploitation forestière et d'exécution de ...

This thesis proposes a thorough analysis of the resilience of socio-environmental in two communities of hunter / gatherers, Baka of Cameroon. These communities formerly nomadic lived in the forest where they drew most of their life and survival. Today they have been displaced from their ancestral lands for the sake of creating protected areas, agro-industrial, forestry and execution of major mining projects, these communities are more than ever in touch Standing with "big black" or Bantu largely influence their lifestyle (hunting, gathering and fishing) and often determine their future. To cope with these changes, the government of Cameroon and national and international organizations through extensive programs accompany gradually Baka to rebuild a new life that incorporates the requirements of "modernity." Despite this support, these people are still under the influence of scourges such as alcoholism, disease, malnutrition, marginalization, in schooling, non-recognition of their rights, etc… How do they cope with the changes occurring in their lives? The thesis aims to identify the different mutations, to describe and analyze the strategies established by the Baka to adapt. Some mutations may appear on the surface without question a fundamental attachment to the forest and some ancestral values. However, different exogenous pressures (such as settlement, globalization) and endogenous (such as attitude of individuals, transmission) which determine the degree of progress of the various mutations should not be underestimated, as they are a threat to development. ; Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la résilience des mutations socio-environnementales au sein d'une communauté de chasseurs/cueilleurs, les Baka du Cameroun. Cette communauté, jadis nomade habitait la forêt où elle tirait l'essentiel de sa vie et survie. Aujourd'hui qu'elle a été déplacée de ses terroirs ancestraux pour des raisons de création d'aires protégées, de complexes agro-industriels, d'exploitation forestière et d'exécution de ...

This thesis proposes a thorough analysis of the resilience of socio-environmental in two communities of hunter / gatherers, Baka of Cameroon. These communities formerly nomadic lived in the forest where they drew most of their life and survival. Today they have been displaced from their ancestral lands for the sake of creating protected areas, agro-industrial, forestry and execution of major mining projects, these communities are more than ever in touch Standing with "big black" or Bantu largely influence their lifestyle (hunting, gathering and fishing) and often determine their future. To cope with these changes, the government of Cameroon and national and international organizations through extensive programs accompany gradually Baka to rebuild a new life that incorporates the requirements of "modernity." Despite this support, these people are still under the influence of scourges such as alcoholism, disease, malnutrition, marginalization, in schooling, non-recognition of their rights, etc… How do they cope with the changes occurring in their lives? The thesis aims to identify the different mutations, to describe and analyze the strategies established by the Baka to adapt. Some mutations may appear on the surface without question a fundamental attachment to the forest and some ancestral values. However, different exogenous pressures (such as settlement, globalization) and endogenous (such as attitude of individuals, transmission) which determine the degree of progress of the various mutations should not be underestimated, as they are a threat to development. ; Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la résilience des mutations socio-environnementales au sein d'une communauté de chasseurs/cueilleurs, les Baka du Cameroun. Cette communauté, jadis nomade habitait la forêt où elle tirait l'essentiel de sa vie et survie. Aujourd'hui qu'elle a été déplacée de ses terroirs ancestraux pour des raisons de création d'aires protégées, de complexes agro-industriels, d'exploitation forestière et d'exécution de ...

This thesis proposes a thorough analysis of the resilience of socio-environmental in two communities of hunter / gatherers, Baka of Cameroon. These communities formerly nomadic lived in the forest where they drew most of their life and survival. Today they have been displaced from their ancestral lands for the sake of creating protected areas, agro-industrial, forestry and execution of major mining projects, these communities are more than ever in touch Standing with "big black" or Bantu largely influence their lifestyle (hunting, gathering and fishing) and often determine their future. To cope with these changes, the government of Cameroon and national and international organizations through extensive programs accompany gradually Baka to rebuild a new life that incorporates the requirements of "modernity." Despite this support, these people are still under the influence of scourges such as alcoholism, disease, malnutrition, marginalization, in schooling, non-recognition of their rights, etc… How do they cope with the changes occurring in their lives? The thesis aims to identify the different mutations, to describe and analyze the strategies established by the Baka to adapt. Some mutations may appear on the surface without question a fundamental attachment to the forest and some ancestral values. However, different exogenous pressures (such as settlement, globalization) and endogenous (such as attitude of individuals, transmission) which determine the degree of progress of the various mutations should not be underestimated, as they are a threat to development. ; Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la résilience des mutations socio-environnementales au sein d'une communauté de chasseurs/cueilleurs, les Baka du Cameroun. Cette communauté, jadis nomade habitait la forêt où elle tirait l'essentiel de sa vie et survie. Aujourd'hui qu'elle a été déplacée de ses terroirs ancestraux pour des raisons de création d'aires protégées, de complexes agro-industriels, d'exploitation forestière et d'exécution de ...

International audience ; This paper attempts to understand conceptual models on which knowledge and management practices of traditional crop diversity are based and whether these models collide with the knowledge formalized in institutions for agricultural development, or complete them. The originality of the approach is to deal not with knowledge as a body of operational data but with their social meaning and values. It is from this understanding and recognition of mutual contributions of different forms of knowledge that a symmetry of exchange between actors can be considered. The example investigated is that of the slash-and-burn agriculture of the Rio Negro, in the north-western Brazilian Amazon.

International audience ; This paper attempts to understand conceptual models on which knowledge and management practices of traditional crop diversity are based and whether these models collide with the knowledge formalized in institutions for agricultural development, or complete them. The originality of the approach is to deal not with knowledge as a body of operational data but with their social meaning and values. It is from this understanding and recognition of mutual contributions of different forms of knowledge that a symmetry of exchange between actors can be considered. The example investigated is that of the slash-and-burn agriculture of the Rio Negro, in the north-western Brazilian Amazon.

International audience ; This paper attempts to understand conceptual models on which knowledge and management practices of traditional crop diversity are based and whether these models collide with the knowledge formalized in institutions for agricultural development, or complete them. The originality of the approach is to deal not with knowledge as a body of operational data but with their social meaning and values. It is from this understanding and recognition of mutual contributions of different forms of knowledge that a symmetry of exchange between actors can be considered. The example investigated is that of the slash-and-burn agriculture of the Rio Negro, in the north-western Brazilian Amazon.

International audience ; This paper attempts to understand conceptual models on which knowledge and management practices of traditional crop diversity are based and whether these models collide with the knowledge formalized in institutions for agricultural development, or complete them. The originality of the approach is to deal not with knowledge as a body of operational data but with their social meaning and values. It is from this understanding and recognition of mutual contributions of different forms of knowledge that a symmetry of exchange between actors can be considered. The example investigated is that of the slash-and-burn agriculture of the Rio Negro, in the north-western Brazilian Amazon.

International audience ; This paper attempts to understand conceptual models on which knowledge and management practices of traditional crop diversity are based and whether these models collide with the knowledge formalized in institutions for agricultural development, or complete them. The originality of the approach is to deal not with knowledge as a body of operational data but with their social meaning and values. It is from this understanding and recognition of mutual contributions of different forms of knowledge that a symmetry of exchange between actors can be considered. The example investigated is that of the slash-and-burn agriculture of the Rio Negro, in the north-western Brazilian Amazon.

International audience ; This paper attempts to understand conceptual models on which knowledge and management practices of traditional crop diversity are based and whether these models collide with the knowledge formalized in institutions for agricultural development, or complete them. The originality of the approach is to deal not with knowledge as a body of operational data but with their social meaning and values. It is from this understanding and recognition of mutual contributions of different forms of knowledge that a symmetry of exchange between actors can be considered. The example investigated is that of the slash-and-burn agriculture of the Rio Negro, in the north-western Brazilian Amazon.

International audience ; This paper attempts to understand conceptual models on which knowledge and management practices of traditional crop diversity are based and whether these models collide with the knowledge formalized in institutions for agricultural development, or complete them. The originality of the approach is to deal not with knowledge as a body of operational data but with their social meaning and values. It is from this understanding and recognition of mutual contributions of different forms of knowledge that a symmetry of exchange between actors can be considered. The example investigated is that of the slash-and-burn agriculture of the Rio Negro, in the north-western Brazilian Amazon.

En jouant sur les mots utilisés pour décrire en droit patrimonial les différents régimes de mariage (communauté ou séparation), cette approche des relations entre Droit, Morale et Religion, cherche à analyser les conséquences sur le droit selon qu'il se trouve « contraint » par la religion ou la morale. Sa nature en est bouleversée lorsque la religion le soumet tandis que la séparation absolue l'oblige à des relations tendues avec les Églises. Le tracé de « frontières » plus souples, appuyées sur des relations moins tranchées, est un enjeu majeur pour des sociétés démocratiques attachées aux valeurs d'ordre et de liberté. ; Abstract : By manipulating concepts used to describe various matrimonial regimes such as « community property », « separation as to property », the writer examines the relationship between Law, Morality and Religion. He analyses the impact that religious or moral principles may have upon the law. He feels that the essence of the law is disturbed when religion is imposed upon it whereas a definitive separation between law and religion merely leads an uneasy coexistence. The establishment of more flexible boundaries based upon the resiliency of this relationship remains a major challenge for democratic societies committed to ideals of order and freedom.