Suchergebnisse

Trust is the basis for society's life quality and social wellbeing (Hosmer, 1995). High trust societies need less resources for bureaucratic and legal measures to protect their members from each other's' opportunistic behavior, their public institutions meet public interest with lower costs, their citizens are more actively engaged in democratic processes and crime prevention (Connell et al., 2003; Fukuyama, 1995; Putnam, 1993; Sztompka, 1999). Therefore, the crisis because of diminishing public trust in government and public institutions has been addressed by representatives from academia and (supra)national institutions, in particular in the context of public sector reforms (Berg, 2005). Prior research on public trust has been focused on government as the addressee of trust and, respectively, factors that influence this type of trust. In this respect, a study by Danaee Fard and Anvary Rostamy (2007) distinguishes performance results as factors of public trust. Moreover, it specifies that performance results integrate macro, e.g. unemployment rate, GDP growth, inflation etc. and micro performance results, e.g. citizens' satisfaction with public service quality. As civil service is an institution, which implements, manages and controls the realization of political decisions we argue that in order to understand the factors of public trust civil service as an addressee of trust should be explored. A representative opinion poll on public trust in Lithuanian civil service that was carried out in 2016 revealed that ethical values such as a civil servant's responsibility and respect to the client, impartiality of civil service organizations, their self-regulation and integrity are among the key factors of public trust in civil service (Novelskaitė and Pučėtaitė, 2018). In this article, we carry out deeper analysis of the factors determining public trust and explore the attitudes of politicians. Drawing on the concept of trust as an attitude, which integrates both cognitive/ rational and emotional components (Fishbein and Ajzen 1975; Taylor-Gooby, 2008; Tyler and Kramer, 1996), we assume that stakeholder groups such as politicians, media, businesspersons / associations have more opportunities to interact with civil service. Therefore, their experience may differ significantly from the one of citizens who are not exposed to active interaction with the respective institutions. As the representative opinion poll of 2016 indicated that politicians among other stakeholders have the highest trust in civil service, in this paper we focus on politicians' attitudes to the factors of public trust. In addition, as sociodemographic characteristics of respondents have influence on evaluations of trust (Beu et al., 2003; Hamm et al., 2016; Salminen and Ikola-Norrbacka, 2009; Tan and Tambyah, 2011), we take a gender-based perspective to the findings. The survey (n=142, 71% men and 29% women, 17% did not indicate their gender) findings indicate that politicians considered civil servants' qualification and professionalism in providing service as the main factors determining public trust. Differently from the representative opinion poll, their evaluations highlighted individual rather than institutional factors. Further analysis of the findings indicate that from the perspective of women politicians normative aspects of civil service institutions, their transparency and meeting public interest with the processes are important to trust development. From the perspective of male politicians, the internal aspects of performance of civil service institutions, pragmatic characteristics at individual level (e.g. provision of information to the politicians) count for developing trust. We conclude our paper by highlighting some aspects of improving management of civil service institutions and directions for further research.

Trust is the basis for society's life quality and social wellbeing (Hosmer, 1995). High trust societies need less resources for bureaucratic and legal measures to protect their members from each other's' opportunistic behavior, their public institutions meet public interest with lower costs, their citizens are more actively engaged in democratic processes and crime prevention (Connell et al., 2003; Fukuyama, 1995; Putnam, 1993; Sztompka, 1999). Therefore, the crisis because of diminishing public trust in government and public institutions has been addressed by representatives from academia and (supra)national institutions, in particular in the context of public sector reforms (Berg, 2005). Prior research on public trust has been focused on government as the addressee of trust and, respectively, factors that influence this type of trust. In this respect, a study by Danaee Fard and Anvary Rostamy (2007) distinguishes performance results as factors of public trust. Moreover, it specifies that performance results integrate macro, e.g. unemployment rate, GDP growth, inflation etc. and micro performance results, e.g. citizens' satisfaction with public service quality. As civil service is an institution, which implements, manages and controls the realization of political decisions we argue that in order to understand the factors of public trust civil service as an addressee of trust should be explored. A representative opinion poll on public trust in Lithuanian civil service that was carried out in 2016 revealed that ethical values such as a civil servant's responsibility and respect to the client, impartiality of civil service organizations, their self-regulation and integrity are among the key factors of public trust in civil service (Novelskaitė and Pučėtaitė, 2018). In this article, we carry out deeper analysis of the factors determining public trust and explore the attitudes of politicians. Drawing on the concept of trust as an attitude, which integrates both cognitive/ rational and emotional components (Fishbein and Ajzen 1975; Taylor-Gooby, 2008; Tyler and Kramer, 1996), we assume that stakeholder groups such as politicians, media, businesspersons / associations have more opportunities to interact with civil service. Therefore, their experience may differ significantly from the one of citizens who are not exposed to active interaction with the respective institutions. As the representative opinion poll of 2016 indicated that politicians among other stakeholders have the highest trust in civil service, in this paper we focus on politicians' attitudes to the factors of public trust. In addition, as sociodemographic characteristics of respondents have influence on evaluations of trust (Beu et al., 2003; Hamm et al., 2016; Salminen and Ikola-Norrbacka, 2009; Tan and Tambyah, 2011), we take a gender-based perspective to the findings. The survey (n=142, 71% men and 29% women, 17% did not indicate their gender) findings indicate that politicians considered civil servants' qualification and professionalism in providing service as the main factors determining public trust. Differently from the representative opinion poll, their evaluations highlighted individual rather than institutional factors. Further analysis of the findings indicate that from the perspective of women politicians normative aspects of civil service institutions, their transparency and meeting public interest with the processes are important to trust development. From the perspective of male politicians, the internal aspects of performance of civil service institutions, pragmatic characteristics at individual level (e.g. provision of information to the politicians) count for developing trust. We conclude our paper by highlighting some aspects of improving management of civil service institutions and directions for further research.

Innovation in the age of globalisation is one of the essential aspects in the context of public administration, and solves the problems of modernisation of public administration influenced by global processes. In order to achieve improvement in the social, economic and technological areas, the public management organisation has to seek the innovation implementation process, it is expedient for it to assimilate the importance of innovativeness in the organisation. The adaptation of innovations in public administration improves the performance of organisations and enables public structures to operate more efficiently. The new public governace is considered to be an essential paradigm of today's public administration, which is changing, open to innovations and improvement. Therefore, it is believed that the successful innovation of a public administration organization can be determined by human resources, information technology and networking factors. The Master's Thesis raises a problematic question: What impact do the factors of the new public governance (human resources, information technologies and networking) have on the innovation of Administration of Šilutė district municipality (hereinafter – Administration)? The aim is to determine the impact of the new public governance factors to the innovativeness of Administration. To achieve this goal, three tasks are set: to review innovativeness in the public sector, based on the legal regulation of the European Union and national level; to analyze the factors of the new public governance in the context of innovativeness, detailing the concept of the new public governance; to carry out a study in order to assess the impact of the new public governance factors on the innovativeness of the Administration. The object of research was the Administration of Šilutė district municipality. The Thesis shows that innovations are important components of the activities of organisations regulated at the European Union and national level, and the factors of the new public governance are significant factors in the field of innovativness of public organisation. The results of the research showed that in the Administration, the factors of human resources, information technologies and networking have a significant impact to the innovativeness of the organisation. The highest impact is lead by the information technologies factor, the minor – by the networking factor.

Innovation in the age of globalisation is one of the essential aspects in the context of public administration, and solves the problems of modernisation of public administration influenced by global processes. In order to achieve improvement in the social, economic and technological areas, the public management organisation has to seek the innovation implementation process, it is expedient for it to assimilate the importance of innovativeness in the organisation. The adaptation of innovations in public administration improves the performance of organisations and enables public structures to operate more efficiently. The new public governace is considered to be an essential paradigm of today's public administration, which is changing, open to innovations and improvement. Therefore, it is believed that the successful innovation of a public administration organization can be determined by human resources, information technology and networking factors. The Master's Thesis raises a problematic question: What impact do the factors of the new public governance (human resources, information technologies and networking) have on the innovation of Administration of Šilutė district municipality (hereinafter – Administration)? The aim is to determine the impact of the new public governance factors to the innovativeness of Administration. To achieve this goal, three tasks are set: to review innovativeness in the public sector, based on the legal regulation of the European Union and national level; to analyze the factors of the new public governance in the context of innovativeness, detailing the concept of the new public governance; to carry out a study in order to assess the impact of the new public governance factors on the innovativeness of the Administration. The object of research was the Administration of Šilutė district municipality. The Thesis shows that innovations are important components of the activities of organisations regulated at the European Union and national level, and the factors of the new public governance are significant factors in the field of innovativness of public organisation. The results of the research showed that in the Administration, the factors of human resources, information technologies and networking have a significant impact to the innovativeness of the organisation. The highest impact is lead by the information technologies factor, the minor – by the networking factor.

Innovation in the age of globalisation is one of the essential aspects in the context of public administration, and solves the problems of modernisation of public administration influenced by global processes. In order to achieve improvement in the social, economic and technological areas, the public management organisation has to seek the innovation implementation process, it is expedient for it to assimilate the importance of innovativeness in the organisation. The adaptation of innovations in public administration improves the performance of organisations and enables public structures to operate more efficiently. The new public governace is considered to be an essential paradigm of today's public administration, which is changing, open to innovations and improvement. Therefore, it is believed that the successful innovation of a public administration organization can be determined by human resources, information technology and networking factors. The Master's Thesis raises a problematic question: What impact do the factors of the new public governance (human resources, information technologies and networking) have on the innovation of Administration of Šilutė district municipality (hereinafter – Administration)? The aim is to determine the impact of the new public governance factors to the innovativeness of Administration. To achieve this goal, three tasks are set: to review innovativeness in the public sector, based on the legal regulation of the European Union and national level; to analyze the factors of the new public governance in the context of innovativeness, detailing the concept of the new public governance; to carry out a study in order to assess the impact of the new public governance factors on the innovativeness of the Administration. The object of research was the Administration of Šilutė district municipality. The Thesis shows that innovations are important components of the activities of organisations regulated at the European Union and national level, and the factors of the new public governance are significant factors in the field of innovativness of public organisation. The results of the research showed that in the Administration, the factors of human resources, information technologies and networking have a significant impact to the innovativeness of the organisation. The highest impact is lead by the information technologies factor, the minor – by the networking factor.

Innovation in the age of globalisation is one of the essential aspects in the context of public administration, and solves the problems of modernisation of public administration influenced by global processes. In order to achieve improvement in the social, economic and technological areas, the public management organisation has to seek the innovation implementation process, it is expedient for it to assimilate the importance of innovativeness in the organisation. The adaptation of innovations in public administration improves the performance of organisations and enables public structures to operate more efficiently. The new public governace is considered to be an essential paradigm of today's public administration, which is changing, open to innovations and improvement. Therefore, it is believed that the successful innovation of a public administration organization can be determined by human resources, information technology and networking factors. The Master's Thesis raises a problematic question: What impact do the factors of the new public governance (human resources, information technologies and networking) have on the innovation of Administration of Šilutė district municipality (hereinafter – Administration)? The aim is to determine the impact of the new public governance factors to the innovativeness of Administration. To achieve this goal, three tasks are set: to review innovativeness in the public sector, based on the legal regulation of the European Union and national level; to analyze the factors of the new public governance in the context of innovativeness, detailing the concept of the new public governance; to carry out a study in order to assess the impact of the new public governance factors on the innovativeness of the Administration. The object of research was the Administration of Šilutė district municipality. The Thesis shows that innovations are important components of the activities of organisations regulated at the European Union and national level, and the factors of the new public governance are significant factors in the field of innovativness of public organisation. The results of the research showed that in the Administration, the factors of human resources, information technologies and networking have a significant impact to the innovativeness of the organisation. The highest impact is lead by the information technologies factor, the minor – by the networking factor.

The compliance of local government personnel with strategic requirements in the development of tourism and recreation services is average in many cases based on four personnel success factors: establishment and expansion of entertainment centres; preparation of the recreational sport development programmes (and their implementation coordination); reconstruction, restoration, and adaptation for tourism of the local government cultural heritage objects; preparation and implementation coordination of touristic route programmes. Personnel apprehension, activities, and skills in the development of uniform tourism information system in the local governments are sufficient.

The compliance of local government personnel with strategic requirements in the development of tourism and recreation services is average in many cases based on four personnel success factors: establishment and expansion of entertainment centres; preparation of the recreational sport development programmes (and their implementation coordination); reconstruction, restoration, and adaptation for tourism of the local government cultural heritage objects; preparation and implementation coordination of touristic route programmes. Personnel apprehension, activities, and skills in the development of uniform tourism information system in the local governments are sufficient.

The object of this master thesis is public policy of the United Kingdom and Germany in domestic violence. The main goal of this research is to analyze the current situation of chosen countries and as well as to discover similarities and differences of methods for preventing violence in the United Kingdom and Germany and other EU states. The main task of my study is to identify how cultural factors impact the policy-making process in case of domestic violence. The usage of such methods as analysis of literature, legislation analysis, interview analysis, discourse analysis and comparative analysis led to a conclusion that domestic violence subject is a globally gender-based problem that touches each country. However, all states solve this problem in their own ways. Moreover, many countries don't even gather data regarding violent cases and don't take any legislation and methods for preventing domestic abuse. As well as many policies that were implemented in other countries, don't work due to many reasons. First, it happens because the governments don't take into consideration cultural factors that play a big role in the society, introducing a new legislation. As well as females keep silent about domestic violence in their families due to many reasons so that it`s impossible to gather accurate data that shows the size of the problem and it helps to take proper measures for combating domestic violence. The governments and authorities that are specialized on this subject should put this problem in the priority list and introduce a new legislation considering all factors that can hinder the policy`s success. For my thesis, I use resources and literature related to domestic violence problems on the territory of the United Kingdom and Germany that help me to identify similarities and differences that exist in methods for preventing domestic abuse. Moreover, I used official websites and studies related to domestic violence not only in the United Kingdom and Germany but also in other EU countries. I recommend my thesis for politicians and authorities that are specialized on domestic violence problem and for individuals who are interested in this subject.

The object of this master thesis is public policy of the United Kingdom and Germany in domestic violence. The main goal of this research is to analyze the current situation of chosen countries and as well as to discover similarities and differences of methods for preventing violence in the United Kingdom and Germany and other EU states. The main task of my study is to identify how cultural factors impact the policy-making process in case of domestic violence. The usage of such methods as analysis of literature, legislation analysis, interview analysis, discourse analysis and comparative analysis led to a conclusion that domestic violence subject is a globally gender-based problem that touches each country. However, all states solve this problem in their own ways. Moreover, many countries don't even gather data regarding violent cases and don't take any legislation and methods for preventing domestic abuse. As well as many policies that were implemented in other countries, don't work due to many reasons. First, it happens because the governments don't take into consideration cultural factors that play a big role in the society, introducing a new legislation. As well as females keep silent about domestic violence in their families due to many reasons so that it`s impossible to gather accurate data that shows the size of the problem and it helps to take proper measures for combating domestic violence. The governments and authorities that are specialized on this subject should put this problem in the priority list and introduce a new legislation considering all factors that can hinder the policy`s success. For my thesis, I use resources and literature related to domestic violence problems on the territory of the United Kingdom and Germany that help me to identify similarities and differences that exist in methods for preventing domestic abuse. Moreover, I used official websites and studies related to domestic violence not only in the United Kingdom and Germany but also in other EU countries. I recommend my thesis for politicians and authorities that are specialized on domestic violence problem and for individuals who are interested in this subject.

Theme of the work is "The realization of social responsibility in organizations of different format: the sociological analysis". The purpose of the work is to disclose the social responsibility that is realised in different type organizations in directors' opinion Conception of investigation: The sociology of organizations is a special sociological theory that explains the creation of organizations as human communities', their working and expanding when these communities realize some program of purpose and acting with mentioning particular procedures and rules. In this work there is invoked and as the main model chosen the SOA model. The social responsibility that is realized in organizations can involve such spheres: 1) human capital: the encouragement of personnel's learning and organising; 2) the perfection of the psychological climate at work; 3) ethics of organization; 4) the expansion of equal opportunities by sex and age. Hypotheses: 1. All the organizations take care of qualification of workers because they understand that they are the most important resources of the organization; 2. Ethics factors shows themselves mostly in public offices, but their realization require major control; 3. Nongovernmental organizations more than other organizations pay attention to strong social cohesion's activity's sphere; 4. In private, governmental and nongovernmental office (organization) the former of the microclimate and the further undertaker is director. 5. Philanthropic and ethic responsibility is more typical to nongovernmental organizations. Governmental organizations distinguish the juridical responsibility and private organizations – economical and juridical. During the investigation it was determined that: 1. All the organizations take care of qualification of workers because they understand that they are the most important resources of the organization; 2. Ethics factors shows themselves mostly in public offices, but their realization require major control; 3. Nongovernmental organizations more than other organizations pay attention to strong social cohesion's activity's sphere; 4. The type of organizations' directors and managing discloses the interaction between the director of organization and inferiors and managing models disclose the character of this interaction and the character of implementing SOA strategies' character, a role in the society and existing microclimate. In private, governmental and nongovernmental office (organization) the former of the microclimate and the further undertaker is director. But it is impossible to uphold the microclimate of all office without all the personnel's endeavour. 5. Philanthropic and ethic responsibility is more typical to nongovernmental organizations. Governmental organizations distinguish the juridical responsibility and private organizations – economical and juridical.

Theme of the work is "The realization of social responsibility in organizations of different format: the sociological analysis". The purpose of the work is to disclose the social responsibility that is realised in different type organizations in directors' opinion Conception of investigation: The sociology of organizations is a special sociological theory that explains the creation of organizations as human communities', their working and expanding when these communities realize some program of purpose and acting with mentioning particular procedures and rules. In this work there is invoked and as the main model chosen the SOA model. The social responsibility that is realized in organizations can involve such spheres: 1) human capital: the encouragement of personnel's learning and organising; 2) the perfection of the psychological climate at work; 3) ethics of organization; 4) the expansion of equal opportunities by sex and age. Hypotheses: 1. All the organizations take care of qualification of workers because they understand that they are the most important resources of the organization; 2. Ethics factors shows themselves mostly in public offices, but their realization require major control; 3. Nongovernmental organizations more than other organizations pay attention to strong social cohesion's activity's sphere; 4. In private, governmental and nongovernmental office (organization) the former of the microclimate and the further undertaker is director. 5. Philanthropic and ethic responsibility is more typical to nongovernmental organizations. Governmental organizations distinguish the juridical responsibility and private organizations – economical and juridical. During the investigation it was determined that: 1. All the organizations take care of qualification of workers because they understand that they are the most important resources of the organization; 2. Ethics factors shows themselves mostly in public offices, but their realization require major control; 3. Nongovernmental organizations more than other organizations pay attention to strong social cohesion's activity's sphere; 4. The type of organizations' directors and managing discloses the interaction between the director of organization and inferiors and managing models disclose the character of this interaction and the character of implementing SOA strategies' character, a role in the society and existing microclimate. In private, governmental and nongovernmental office (organization) the former of the microclimate and the further undertaker is director. But it is impossible to uphold the microclimate of all office without all the personnel's endeavour. 5. Philanthropic and ethic responsibility is more typical to nongovernmental organizations. Governmental organizations distinguish the juridical responsibility and private organizations – economical and juridical.

The financial auditors are required to provide the assurance for the public whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. The International Federation of Accountants, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board formulated general guidelines and principles of audit materiality assessments and provided that in auditing standards (IAA 320 and IAA 450). Financial auditors have independently to determine the materiality threshold and make professional decision about information significance according to International Auditing Standards. The aim of the article is to analyze tools of the proper consideration of the concept of materiality in financial statement auditing and provide interpretations of the materiality concept formation in the scientific resources and determine the factors of materiality. Based on the methods of information systematization and comparison paper analyzes the evolution of the materiality concept in scientific resources, discloses the role of Lithuanian scientists developing the conception of materiality and describes the matter of the materiality process. The conception of materiality includes quantitative and qualitative factors. Materiality, in general, can be understood as highly important information. The auditors evaluate significance and importance of the information making assumptions about the financial interests of consumer's needs and attitudes. The article indicates the sequence of the materiality determination activities, identifies quantitative and qualitative materiality factors, provides the working materiality threshold.

The financial auditors are required to provide the assurance for the public whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. The International Federation of Accountants, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board formulated general guidelines and principles of audit materiality assessments and provided that in auditing standards (IAA 320 and IAA 450). Financial auditors have independently to determine the materiality threshold and make professional decision about information significance according to International Auditing Standards. The aim of the article is to analyze tools of the proper consideration of the concept of materiality in financial statement auditing and provide interpretations of the materiality concept formation in the scientific resources and determine the factors of materiality. Based on the methods of information systematization and comparison paper analyzes the evolution of the materiality concept in scientific resources, discloses the role of Lithuanian scientists developing the conception of materiality and describes the matter of the materiality process. The conception of materiality includes quantitative and qualitative factors. Materiality, in general, can be understood as highly important information. The auditors evaluate significance and importance of the information making assumptions about the financial interests of consumer's needs and attitudes. The article indicates the sequence of the materiality determination activities, identifies quantitative and qualitative materiality factors, provides the working materiality threshold.

The financial auditors are required to provide the assurance for the public whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. The International Federation of Accountants, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board formulated general guidelines and principles of audit materiality assessments and provided that in auditing standards (IAA 320 and IAA 450). Financial auditors have independently to determine the materiality threshold and make professional decision about information significance according to International Auditing Standards. The aim of the article is to analyze tools of the proper consideration of the concept of materiality in financial statement auditing and provide interpretations of the materiality concept formation in the scientific resources and determine the factors of materiality. Based on the methods of information systematization and comparison paper analyzes the evolution of the materiality concept in scientific resources, discloses the role of Lithuanian scientists developing the conception of materiality and describes the matter of the materiality process. The conception of materiality includes quantitative and qualitative factors. Materiality, in general, can be understood as highly important information. The auditors evaluate significance and importance of the information making assumptions about the financial interests of consumer's needs and attitudes. The article indicates the sequence of the materiality determination activities, identifies quantitative and qualitative materiality factors, provides the working materiality threshold.