Suchergebnisse

The thesis that culture is rightfully an integral part of politics is described as a major theoretical insight of nationalism that is embodied in the concept of the nation-state. The focus is on the implications of this thesis for dealing with the claims of aboriginal peoples in multinational states. Consideration is given to ways to conceptualize the loss experienced by indigenous peoples of Canada, the US, Australia, & other "post-colonial" states. It is contended that justice requires non-indigenous people to acknowledge past wrongs; gain understanding of indigenous cultures; & provide legal, political, & social space for indigenous people to reproduce their culture. Indigenous people must be willing to adapt their lives to the new environment & work with non-indigenous people to construct an understanding of their shared land & history that does justice to the presence of each. It is noted that the commitment required demands a strong sense of national identity even though the "very problem that needs to be addressed is one that erodes the legitimacy of that identity.". 33 References. J. Lindroth

The issue of whether groups possess moral, legal, & political rights to secede is addressed; in addition, the prospects of reconciliation between self-determining nations & the countries from which they seceded are considered. Whereas an analysis of positive law failed to provide support for a group's right to secession or independence, a review of moral arguments for self-determination provided ambiguous support for a moral right to secession. Questions regarding a seceding nation's capacity to produce justice & realize sustainability are cited to challenge the existence of a political right to secession. It is argued that reconciliation between self-determining nations & countries from which such nations seceded is generally difficult since countries in the latter group experience problems in dealing with losses of authority & property. Consequently, it is concluded that secession cannot create stability without exerting significant moral, legal, & political costs. J. W. Parker

Applies critical normative debates on secession to the "Cyprus question." The choice & remedial theories of secession are the two main schools of thought in this regard; here, focus is on Allen Buchanan's (1998) remedial theory of seccession. Its utility is explored for the early period of the Cyprus case, 1963, the outbreak of intercommunal violence, to 1974, Turkish military intervention & island partition. At issue is whether, in the case of Cyprus, with its de facto secession by way of war, territorial occupation, & human rights violations, remedial rights arguments have any traction. For this decade, it appears that the Turkish Cypriot community had a remedial right to secession. However, events of 1974 are examined in terms of Buchanan's theory & just war theory, casting doubt on this conclusion. Looking at contemporary circumstances, a different set of normative principles are employed in pursuit of possible resolution. Factors sustaining the intercommunal factor include separate systems of governance; lack of social, cultural, or economic relations; intercommunal socioeconomic disparities, & the Greek-Turkish rivalry. The potential for radical pluralism theories to offer more appropriate justification for Turkish Cypriot demands for separate sovereignties in Cyprus is considered. It is then suggested that EU membership might provide the basis for settling the conflict; issues to be settled for this to bear fruit are discussed. J. Zendejas

Examines the antideterministic philosophy of English apologist & Puritan Ralph Cudworth. While his epistemological & ontological rejection of atheism incorporates paradoxically deterministic terminology, his principle of self-determination focuses on the microcosmic, supporting religious tolerance & freedom of conscience. Drawing on the philosophy of Plotinus & influenced by Platonism & Stoicism, Cudworth equates liberty with the power to act, a notion that can inform current political thought. After presenting a biographical sketch, & a brief review of his works, his reworking of the Stoic term, hegemonikon, is discussed. A unifying & empowering principle, the hegemonikon enables the individual to act, combines the will & the intellect, & directs the soul toward the good. Cudworth's impact on contemporary liberal political philosophy & the similarities to John Locke's politics are also presented. J. Sadler

This chapter draws on self-determination theory to explain the mix of pecuniary and non-pecuniary motivational drivers underlying academic scientists' commercial pursuits. It examines the diversity of their personal motivations for knowledge commercialization and how this is influenced by their values and beliefs about the science-business relationship. It argues that scientists can be extrinsically or intrinsically motivated to different f in their pursuit of knowledge commercialization, depending how far they have internalized the values associated with it. Beyond reputational and financial rewards, intrinsic motivations (e.g., pro-social norms and hedonic motivation) are also powerful drivers of commercial engagement. The conventional assumption that scientists are motivated by reputational rewards and the intrinsic satisfaction of puzzle-solving in academic research while commercial engagement is driven primarily by the pursuit of the financial rewards builds on a false dichotomy and polarized view of human motivation. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).

Examines problems connected to the implementation of the rights of self-determination & to secession in Yugoslavia, particularly the issue of whether these rights should be exercised by ethnocultural nations or territorial entities. A historical analysis focusing on how Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, Albanians, Macedonians, & Montenegrins perceived their own national rights within the Yugoslav framework & how they reacted to the international community's approach is employed to explore the extent to which the international community succeeded or failed in finding a consistent approach to these problems, & how its attitudes might be explained. J. Zendejas

"The author analyses higher education policies targeted at equal (or rather not so equal) opportunities for access into higher education for indigenous people in Australia, Canada, and Mexico. He discusses concepts of equity and social responsiveness and works out very wen that many measures undertaken to ensure equal access for indigenous people require them to adopt the norms and values of the majority culture. This, of course, is in stark contrast to an approach of self-determination. He finds an example of this in Canada where indigenous people have successfully fought to start their own universities and have them recognized as equal to the universities of the majority culture. This means that they control their own educational processes. Despite the fact that developments in Canada are not ideal and go all the way in shifting control and administration to the indigenous boards, such an approach acknowledges the difference without seeing it as inferior. The author also works out in a convincing manner that in countries where the higher education system serves purposes of nation-building, a 'different but equal' policy is perceived as separatist and threatening to the state. In his conclusions, the author proposes to develop the concept of an ethnically sensitive university that includes cultural diversity as a matter of content and collaborates with indigenous people in their struggle for justice and recognition." (excerpt)

"The author analyses higher education policies targeted at equal (or rather not so equal) opportunities for access into higher education for indigenous people in Australia, Canada, and Mexico. He discusses concepts of equity and social responsiveness and works out very wen that many measures undertaken to ensure equal access for indigenous people require them to adopt the norms and values of the majority culture. This, of course, is in stark contrast to an approach of self-determination. He finds an example of this in Canada where indigenous people have successfully fought to start their own universities and have them recognized as equal to the universities of the majority culture. This means that they control their own educational processes. Despite the fact that developments in Canada are not ideal and go all the way in shifting control and administration to the indigenous boards, such an approach acknowledges the difference without seeing it as inferior. The author also works out in a convincing manner that in countries where the higher education system serves purposes of nation-building, a 'different but equal' policy is perceived as separatist and threatening to the state. In his conclusions, the author proposes to develop the concept of an ethnically sensitive university that includes cultural diversity as a matter of content and collaborates with indigenous people in their struggle for justice and recognition." (excerpt).

Opens with a review of national & international legal debates on the rights & status of the Aotearoa/New Zealand Maori, focusing on the emerging politics of indigenous self-determination. At issue is the Maori adoption of a postcolonial politics of self-determination in their sociopolitical relations with the dominant whites. Trends in national & supranational developments relative to indigenous rights provide a context for understanding the circumstances in Aotearoa/New Zealand. It is concluded that the Maori are making some limited & tenuous progress in the pursuit of justice & restitution for their colonization while exposing the limits of democracy & the colonial underpinnings of nation-state formation. 90 References. J. Zendejas

Opens with a review of national & international legal debates on the rights & status of the Aotearoa/New Zealand Maori, focusing on the emerging politics of indigenous self-determination. At issue is the Maori adoption of a postcolonial politics of self-determination in their sociopolitical relations with the dominant whites. Trends in national & supranational developments relative to indigenous rights provide a context for understanding the circumstances in Aotearoa/New Zealand. It is concluded that the Maori are making some limited & tenuous progress in the pursuit of justice & restitution for their colonization while exposing the limits of democracy & the colonial underpinnings of nation-state formation. 90 References. J. Zendejas

"In this paper, subjecitve well-being, as measured by survey questions on life satisfaction and happiness, is investigated from a sociological-comparative point of view. The central thesis is that happiness will be greater the more freedom a person has in her/his life decisions. It is hypothesized,therefore, that happiness will be higher in all those social contexts (micro and macro) which provide a person with greater freedom. Hence, happiness should be higher among the employed, among the persons in higher positions and with higher incomes, and happiness should also be higher in free market and democratic, and in less stratified societies. A comparative emperical analysis (multilevel regression) is carried out, using survey data on 41 nations from the World Value Survey 1995-97. The finding that happiness is related significantly to the degree of individual freedom is fully confirmed. It also has been proven that people who live in circumstances providng providing more freedom of personal choice are happier; this happens only through their perception and trough their expected change (improvement or stagnation) in the future" (author's abstract)

Der Beitrag diskutiert zunächst die theoretischen Konzepte "Motivation" und "Partizipation" hinsichtlich des Zusammenspiels von Sozialstrukturen und individuellem intentionalen Handeln bei Jugendlichen in der Phase des Übergangs von der Familie und der Schule in die "Welt der Erwachsenen", die "harte Arbeitswelt". Diese Erörterung wird dann auf die YOYO-Studie der EU bezogen, die mit verschiedenen methodischen Ansätzen und Untersuchungsdesigns die Karrieren und Lebenspläne von Jugendlichen in neun EU-Ländern verfolgen. Anhand fünf exemplarischer Fallstudien werden die Determinanten der Teilnahmebereitschaft, der Leistungsmotivation und - als Schlüsselvariable - das Selbstvertrauen in die eigenen Fähigkeiten durch qualitative Interviews erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Glaube und das Gefühl, den "Lauf der Dinge" beeinflussen zu können bzw. das eigene Leben mehr oder weniger "im Griff zu haben", von konstitutiver Bedeutung für die Transitionsphase und den beruflichen Werdegang ist. (ICA). Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 2001 bis 2004.