Suchergebnisse

Strategies for reducing emissions and depositions in European countries experiences from the elaboration of the Second Sulphur Protocol. / M. Wietschel ... (Prep.). - (EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.8). Flue gas cleaning at German power station: precaution by state of art. / Manfred Hildebrand (Prep.). - (EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.9) Impact of energy conservation, fuel and technology switch on national emission reduction potentials and emission reduction costs. / A. Jattke ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.10) Natural gas processing and operating in Germany. / T. Luebcke (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/11) Reductions of VOC emissions from painting of car bodies. / P. Adler (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/12) Recent developments in emission control technologies and application in the energy sector. / R. Dorn ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/13) Use of selective catalytic reduction process for removal of NOX from the FCCU regenerator flue gas at Scanraff Refinery, Sweden. / Norman Burcher (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/14) Flue gas cleaning at German power station. / Manfred Hildebrand (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/15) Cost-effectiveness of environmental measures in industry. / J. Oonk ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/16) Assessment of the VOC emission generated through the application of organic solvent-based coatings and identification of progressive emission reduction measures for non-regulated coatings plants. / E. Mink ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/17) VOC control technology. / H. Krill (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.18) A review of the options to reduce VOC emissions due to the use of organic solvents. / C. Kippelen-Mollenkopf ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.19 By-product management in the iron and steel industry. / T. Penkuhn ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.20 Absorptive solvent recovery in foil processing. - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.21 Utilization of by-products from coal-fired power plants in the Federal Republic of Germany. / W. vom Berg ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.22 Organizational and technical measures to be taken prior to incineration, to influence the quality and quantity of incineration residues. / P. G. Mast ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.23 The economics of residue management. - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.24 Residues from advanced combustion systems and from non-coal fuels. - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R. 25 Legal instruments for the prevention and recovery of waste. / S. Krieger (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.26 Strategies for reducing emissions of air pollutants in Austria. / K. Radunsky (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.27 Primary reduction of emissions mainly of Nitrogen oxides of stoker grate equipment using the Syncom process. / E. Peppler ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.28 Advanced gas engine cogeneration technology for special applications measures for reducing pollutants. / M. Wagner (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.29 Combined firing of biomass and coal at the power plant St. Andrä. / G. Zellinger (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.30 The new development of new legislation on air pollution abatement in Croatia. / J. Necak ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.31 Experiences with NOx reduction techniques in a natural gas/oil fired power plant. / M. Novak ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.32 Elimination of dioxins by activated carbon flue gas scrubbing. / H. Hofstetter (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.33 The flue gas desulfurisation plant in the Schwechat refinery. / M. Jüttner (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.34 Three effective methods to remove polluting trace elements as dioxins and furans. - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.35 Biological gas desulphurization. / H. Dijkman (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.36 Exhaust emission control concepts for stationary gas engines in Hungary. / Attila Meggyes (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.37 NOx reduction in flue gas from large-size boilers. / K. Remenyi (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.38 VEAG utilisation of power plant materials. / M. Recker ... (Prep.). - EB.AIR/SEM.3/R.39 Primary and secondary measures to reduce emissions from existing VEAG lignite-fired power plants

"The end of the Cold War refocused the European Union's (EU) attention both on its 'near neighbourhood' and on the needs of the world's poorest people. In view of the growing trend towards inclusion of 'first-world' security criteria in development policies, a discussion paper Whose security?, summarised here, was commissioned by Association of World Council of Churches related Development Organisations in Europe (APRODEV) to identify priority issues for advocacy on EU policies towards development and security. There are signs that donors want to change the conditions of aid to respond to the threat of global terrorism, but poor people suffer disproportionately from insecurity and development policy needs to be clear about whose security is the priority. The absence of global justice is a fundamental challenge. The paper explores the relationship between human development, human security and human rights as well as the need for improved women's participation in peacebuilding and security. The European Security Strategy, seen as a response to the unilateralist character of US strategy, takes a comprehensive, multilateralist approach, recognising that threats cannot be tackled by purely military means. Development assistance is seen as one of the instruments at the EU's disposal. This approach is supported by a 'human security doctrine for Europe', under which 'human security response forces', paid from the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) budget, would operate. The EU's development policy statement of 2000 is being revised with a view to including the complementarity of security and development. APRODEV believes that development and human rights should be seen as end goals and not simply as instruments to the achievement of other aims of EU external relations policy. The European Commission aims to rationalise the profusion of aid budgets, reducing them from 90 to just six new instruments. The parameters of some of these instruments would make it more difficult to monitor EU spending on poverty reduction. In the draft Financial Perspectives for 2007-2013, the largest instrument, meant to deliver the Union's contribution to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), is set to take a falling share of spending, relative to more security-focused instruments. The share allocated to the Development Cooperation and Economic Cooperation instrument (DCECI) should increase at least proportionately with the overall increase in external relations funding. The EU needs an instrument dedicated to the pursuit of poverty eradication in developing countries. The proposed Stability instrument, smaller in size than DCECI, was planned to support post-conflict reconstruction, including peacekeeping operations of third countries. APRODEV agencies feel that short-term military stabilisation may be necessary, perhaps with a stronger mandate from the United Nations (UN) or the African Union (AU), but that it should be financed by the CFSP, separately from development expenditure. A ring-fenced Stability instrument might produce greater clarity in protecting development expenditure through the DCECI. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) recently classified six new areas of quasi-military aid as official development assistance (ODA). APRODEV members may want to ensure that there is 'no further erosion' and explore the 'roll-back' of eligibility in the case of some existing items. While subscribing to policy coherence, APRODEV agencies believe in a division of labour and mandates. Integrity (of tasks, of budgets) is a value that APRODEV agencies would apply to the EU's work for poverty reduction. EU citizens are entitled to a clear picture of how much the Union is spending on poor people and the MDGs. The distinct contribution of development assistance is to improve the livelihoods of poor people with the ultimate objective of eradicating poverty." (author's abstract)

The integration of any society partly depends upon its manner of selecting its elites (E) & upon their behavior. The pol'al E of the Jewish people of Palestine, the Yishuv, consisted in the leaders & officials of the various national institutions such as the Jewish Congress, the Zionest Congress, heads of the main Jewish municipalities, etc. All these were elective positions. It was assumed that those who were most active in the pursuit of the major goals of Zionism were most deserving of holding positions of responsibility & power. Only a minimal diff in living standards existed between members of the E & other groups. Authority was exercised largely in an informal manner. Though some tendency toward centralization of power existed internally with certain org's, power & prestige were widely dispersed throughout the Yishuv. Almost no specific leadership developed nor was there much soc distinction relative to the degree of recency of immigration. Hence, no deviant leadership was evolved. The establishment of the Israeli State brought new power frameworks & positions. The resulting competition & pressuregroup activity tended to weaken the cohesiveness of the groups within the Yishuv. Formalization & bureaucratization emerged on all levels of organized pol & soc activity. Some opposition to this arose. These changes had the greatest repercussions in the absorption of new immigrants. The new immigrants remained in their old groups & the absorption process was one of group-transformation. Immigrant leadership arose either through automatic selection processes operating within the society or through a formal type of selection operating through special agencies. So far, very few immigrant leaders have penetrated to any of the higher strata of the E. Out of a sample of 400 cases, the main types of leaders have been classified into the following categories: (1) the leader of purely ethnic association (usually most distinct in the Landsmannschaften organizations which provide practical help of various kinds to their countrymen); (2) the professional type (found largely in European communities & made up of lawyers, physicians, & individuals who had held positions of leadership abroad); (3) the econ leader (community & soc leaders, many from Central & E. Europe, who achieved their positions through econ success); (4) the pol'al leader (usually active within a pol'al organ or the General Federation of Labour); & (5) the bureaucrat (similar in many respects to the pol'al leader but holding an official position in one of the bureaucratic frameworks: gov, Jewish agency, etc). Factors which seem to influence the activities of leaders & of mobile persons were found to include: (1) the comparability between a mobile individual's evaluation of his mobility aspirations & that of his group of origin; (2) the extent of maintenance of solidarity relations between the mobile individual & his group of origin; (3) the extent to which mobility aspirations are recognized as legitimate by the new groups; & (4) the type of mutual evaluations made by the two groups (of origin & destination). More specific variables decisive in the case of leaders include: (1) the nature (democratic or authoritarian) of the power relations between the leader & the group, & (2) the potential power-relations of the leader with other E groups within the society. Immigrant adaptibility to the new society was found to be higher when there is a high degree of internal cohesion (as in Yemenite & Yugoslav Bulgarian groups compared to N. African & E. & Central Europeans & Iraquis). It was also learned that there is a +p between the size of a community & its degree of heterogeneity & that there is no special relation between the use of the Hebrew language & either heterogeneity or soc participation. Thus, the soc adjustment or development of immigrants is not primarily determined by the degree of ethnic heterogeneity but by the general characters of the immigrants & the conditions of absorption. B. J. Keeley.

The protests at the 1999 World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle marked a turning point in trade politics. The size and depth of the international coalition that came together to protest the WTO was striking. And then there were the television images and the stunning denouement: Teamsters marching with 'turtles,' tear gas and police charges in the darkness, the collapse of the negotiations. The author of one of the books reviewed here, Jagdish Bhagwati, was in Seattle as an adviser to the WTO's director. While trying to get to the meeting, he found himself 'confronting a tough Chinese Red Guards-style female demonstrator who was blocking my way illegally.' A colleague then 'drew me away from a confrontation that would surely have left me bloodied, saying, `You are the foremost free trader today; we cannot afford to lose you!" Bhagwati's story speaks to several things, including his considerable ego. Most important, though, it captures the embattled state in which mainstream trade economists loyal to free trade doctrines now believe they exist: 'there are not too many out there, fighting the fight for free trade,' Bhagwati worries, 'We need to change that.' Do Irwin and Bhagwati understand that this is what most of the critics believe? I'm afraid not. Both authors characterize the critics as 'anti-globalization.' Although this accurately describes some, it is not true for the majority. Both authors seem to think that the main reason critics are against globalization is that they are anticapitalist and antimarket. Irwin, for example, tells us that for many of these groups, 'Free markets and capitalism are seen as embodying and furthering environmental destruction, male dominance, class oppression, racial intolerance and colonial exploitation.' To characterize most environmental organizations, or most contemporary trade unions, as 'anticapitalist' is absurd, if that means that they are committed to the abolition of capitalism. If the term means that they are critical of the way that capitalism currently operates, the characterization is accurate, but then the authors' summary dismissal of that position becomes puzzling. The critics insist that there are better and worse forms of market economy, that the neoliberal model of regulation toward which we are currently moving (one that expands property rights while ignoring human rights) is worse than feasible alternatives, and therefore, that the current model of global economic regulation can and ought to be changed. Unfortunately, Irwin and Bhagwati, by tilting at anticapitalist windmills, fail to join the real argument. IN THEIR EFFORT to extract free trade from the wider matrix of economic globalization, the authors downplay the degree to which trade deals such as NAFTA and the WTO shape the character of the larger economic system. For example, some of the most novel and important provisions in NAFTA and the WTO--pertaining to investor property rights and the deregulation of financial services--undoubtedly increase international capital mobility. Dani Rodrik has argued that increased international capital mobility could significantly increase the 'price elasticity of the demand for labor.' That is, firms will shift production to other countries in response to smaller and smaller differences in labor costs, other things being equal. This could dampen wage growth not only in the North, but in the South as well. Bhagwati and Irwin both devote considerable effort to exploring how free trade affects wages, yet neither so much as mentions Rodrik's well-known argument. Why not? Free capital mobility is one thing, Bhagwati says, free trade is another. He favors considerably less of the former than we have today, and much more of the latter. But while conceptually distinct, the fact is that both principles are promoted in NAFTA and the WTO. If we want to assess the impacts of these international agreements, we must consider how they affect capital mobility, and how it in turn affects workers, the environment, and so on. Slippage in the way the concept of 'free trade' is employed permits Bhagwati and Irwin to evade this challenge.

Five jobs and three cities later, Ehrenreich concludes that many of today's jobs don't pay enough to support one person--much less a whole family. She works two jobs at a time and eats 'chopped meat, beans, cheese and noodles.' But in all three cities, rent gets the better of her economy. 'You don't need a degree in economics,' she writes, 'to see that wages are too low and rents too high.' But this is a mathematical conclusion, which could have been made with the aid of a calculator. By taking these jobs herself, Ehrenreich is able to capture the material details of workplace indignity--from the obstacle course she is forced to run at the restaurant ('Employees are barred from using the front door, so I enter the first day through the kitchen, where a red-faced man with shoulder length blond hair is throwing frozen steaks against the wall and yelling, `Fuck this shit!") to the 'unwanted intimacy' she acquires as a maid cleaning the bathrooms of the privileged. Whether rehearsing the taxonomy of dirty toilets ('there are three kinds of shit-stains') or the grueling routine of washing windows in an un-air-conditioned house ('Outside, I can see the construction guys knocking back Gatorade, but the rule is that no fluid or food item can touch a maid's lips when she's inside a house'), Ehrenreich shows how work's various postures of submission recreate the upstairs-downstairs world of old Europe. As the brochure of a Maine cleaning service brags, 'We clean floors the old-fashioned way--on our hands and knees.' Some corporate chieftains inspire fear the old-fashioned way. Grove, for example, ran Intel the way Al Capone ran Chicago. When an aide is late for a meeting, Grove waits, 'holding a stave of wood the size of a baseball bat.' Finally, he slams 'the wood onto the surface of the meeting-room table,' and shouts, 'I don't ever, ever, want to be in a meeting with this group that doesn't start and end when it's scheduled.' Other bosses go high tech, relying on computer technology to monitor an employee's every move. The Investigator software program--used by Exxon, Mobil, and Delta--keeps track not only of workplace performance measures (like the number of an employee's key strokes and mouse clicks per day) but also of troublemakers. Should an employee type an 'alert' word like boss or union, Investigator automatically forwards her document to her supervisor. 'Back in the fifteenth century,' a PR executive tells Fraser, 'they used to use a ball and chain, and now they use technology.' Finally, Ehrenreich and Fraser force us to rethink the politics of poverty. Several reviewers have hailed Nickel and Dimed as a worthy successor to Michael Harrington's The Other America. The comparison is apt, but not for the reason these reviewers think. For Harrington discovered the poor, as he put it, 'off the beaten track,' rotting in the inner cities or along the rural peripheries. Though he discussed poverty's many guises and causes, he left the impression that people were poor because they did not fully participate in the economy. They were 'the rejects of the affluent society' who 'never had the right skills in the first place' or 'lost them when the rest of the economy advanced.' (In recent decades, William Julius Wilson has advanced a similar argument.) To understand the alien world of the poor required the talents of a modern-day Dickens, for only an artist could capture the 'smell and texture' of people who 'talk and think differently.' Harrington's audience was the affluent society, the millions who had suddenly joined the middle class and forgotten that poverty existed. The only way to widen the circle of 'the friends of the poor,' he thought, was to describe and decry, in elegant and haunting prose, the poor's isolation, to remind everyone that though the poor were 'other,' they were still America.

Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Introduction -- Private label management : insights and research directions / Sebastián Molinillo, University of Málaga, Spain, Yuksel Ekinci, University of Reading, United Kingdom, Georgina Wyatt, Oxford Brooks, United Kingdom, Nicoletta Occhiocupo, Oxford Brooks, United Kingdom, Merlin Stone, Oxford Brooks, United Kingdom -- Investigating the role of store brands in the global retail industry / Kijpokin Kasemsap, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand -- Attitude towards private labels : a model for consumer packed goods in Spanish market / Mónica Gómez-Suárez, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain, Pilar Martínez-Ruíz, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain -- Store brands in Chile : factors influencing purchase intention / Mónica Gómez-Suárez, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain, Galo Paiva, University of La Frontera, Chile, Berta Schlettner, University of La Frontera, Chile -- Private labels strategies -- Private labels at the service of retailerś image and competitive positioning : the case of TESCO / Pilar Martínez-Ruíz, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, Ines Gonzalez, Public University of Navarra, Spain, Ana Isabel Jiménez-Zarco, Open University of Catalonia, Spain, Alicia Izquierdo-Yusta, University of Burgos, Spain -- Spanish food private labels : in search of a differential positioning / Maria Puelles, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, Rafael Marañón, Complutense University of Madrid,, Spain -- Brand equity of store brands and its effect on customer value : Spanish consumer goods retail sector / Natalia Rubio-Benito, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain, Nieves Villaseñor, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain, María Jesús Yagüe, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain -- Choice of national brand versus private label "me-too" new products in a multicultural context : understanding consumer innovativeness / Mónica Gómez-Suárez, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain, Carmen Abril-Barrie, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain -- Does packaging matter? : private label's dress codes and consumer choice / Rita Coelho do Vale, Catolica-Lisbon School of Business & Economics, Portugal, Pedro Verga, ISEG- Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Portugal -- Managing in-store stimuli for different private label tiers author name, affiliation, country / Alvaro Garrido-Morgado, University of Salamanca, Spain, Oscar González-Benito, University of Salamanca, Spain, Mercedes Martos-Partal, University of Salamanca, Spain -- Assortment size and pl penetration in grocery retailers' portfolios during economic crisis : empirical evidence from Spain author name, affiliation, country / José Luis Ruiz-Leal, University of Almería, Spain, Juan Carlos Gázquez Abad, University of Almería, Spain, Francisco J. Martínez-López, University of Granada, Spain -- Private label sales through catalogs with augmented reality author name, affiliation, country / Gerardo Reyes-Ruiz, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico, Samuel Olmos-Peña, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico, Marisol Hernández-Hernández, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico -- Ethics & food developments in private labels -- Premium and value-added private labels : the case of private labels in sustainable FMCG markets / Victoria Labajo, Pontificial Comillas University, Spain -- The impact of consumer values and perceived corporate social responsibility on the attitude towards genetically modified food : implications for private branding strategies / Giovanni Pino, University of Salento, Italy, Juan José Blázquez-Resino, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain -- The role of private labels in the organic food market / Miguel Llorens, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, Sonia Carcelén, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain -- Private labels in specific markets -- Fair trade and innovation in the shopping channel : NGOs'marketing strategies as retailers of fair trade products / Ana Isabel Jiménez-Zarco, Open University of Catalonia, Spain, Carme Moreno-Gavara, Open University of Catalonia, Spain -- Importance and role of retail brands in a non-food market : a case study of DIY retailing in Spain / Gonzalo Moreno Warleta, Saint Louis University, Spain, Mónica Díaz-Bustamante, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, Maria Puelles, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain -- Generic drugs in the pharmaceutical market: a European perspective / Mercedes Rozano, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain -- Selling OTC medicaments on the supermarkets : a challenge for the European market / María Luisa Fauvel-Zamora, Université de Rennes 1, France, Maria Puelles, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, Gérard Cliquét, Université de Rennes 1, France -- Online distribution strategies : a mix of globalization and diversification in the fashion market / Alicia Izquierdo-Yusta, University of Burgos, Spain, Victoria Labajo, Pontificial Comillas University, Spain, Pilar Martínez-Ruíz, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, Ana Isabel Jiménez-Zarco, Open University of Catalonia, Spain -- Private label branding in the tourism industry / Juan José Blázquez-Resino, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, Giovanni Pino, University of Salento, Italy -- Compilation of references -- About the contributors -- Index

Laying a foundation for studying race, gender, class, and the media / Rebecca Ann Lind -- The social psychology of stereotypes and bias : implications for media audiences / Bradley W. Gorham -- Black criminality 2.0 : the persistence of stereotypes in the 21st century / Travis L. Dixon -- There is hope : race, gender and the uses and gratifications of social media / Kelly Quinn & Dmitry Epstein -- Body image and adolescent girls' selfie posting, editing, and investment / Jennifer Stevens Aubrey & Larissa Terán -- Exploring relationships between gender, social media use, and young adults' well-being / Marina Krcmar & Drew P. Cingel -- The income gap in online news : analyzing the prevalence and influence of partisan slant / Alina Renee Oxendine -- The relationship between court shows and public opinion about state courts / Taneisha N. Means & Katha Sikka -- Re-meme-bering, romanticizing and reframing the Obamas online / Francesca Sobande -- Fashioning the ummah : a thoroughly modern Muslim movement / Sabah Firoz Uddin -- Challenging the invisibility of women¿s postpartum scars / Scarlett Cunningham -- I comment, Usted comenta : reader comments on diversity in English- and Spanish-language newspapers / Danny Paskin -- "Somebody is bound to call you out" : young Latinos' digital media use and political participation / Vanessa de Macedo Higgins Joyce, Issa Galvan & Jené Shepherd -- Arguing over images : Native American mascots and race / C. Richard King -- How TV news makes Arabs and Muslims feel about themselves / Dina Ibrahim & Aymen Abdel Halim -- "Not country" : the CMAS and the Beyoncé backlash / Tejan Green Waszak & Jason Takayuki Ueda -- A case study of race and Twitter activism : #bamasits in response to Colin Kaepernick / George L. Daniels -- I am not your negro : James Baldwin's challenge to whiteness and media / Dwight E. Brooks -- Framing the immigration story / Patti Brown -- Framing feminism / Rebecca Ann Lind & Colleen Salo Aravena -- Boyfriends and Romeo pimps : narratives of romance in news coverage of sex trafficking / Anne Johnston & Barbara Friedman -- Hispanic cultural identity in US Spanish-language newspapers / María José Coperías-Aguilar & Josep Lluís Gómez-Mompart -- Disrupting the thin, sexy stretch of whiteness : representations of yoga practices / Judy L. Isaksen -- Political cartoons and the Black lives matter movement / Anish Vanaik, Dwaine Jengelley & Rolfe Peterson -- She's a 10, he's a 2 : Playboy cartoons and a culture of male entitlement / Pamela Hill Nettleton -- Mediating indigenous identity : exploring cultural persistence and revival in moonshot / Andrew Dietzel -- "The more you subtract, the more you add" : cutting girls down to size in advertising / Jean Kilbourne -- Sex sells, but gender brands / Greg Niedt & Julia C. Richmond -- Race, hierarchy, and hyenaphobia in the Lion king / Naomi Rockler-Gladen -- Lifetime's unreal unmakes the rural south / Christina R. Belcher -- Pretty, big violence in Big little lies / Robert Alan Brookey & Spencer Coile -- Transing Sin-Dee Rella : representations of trans women of color in Sean Baker's Tangerine / Gust A. Yep, Fatima Zahrae Chrifi Alaoui & Ryan M. Lescure -- "People tell me I'm white" : Stephen Colbert and comic deconstruction of colorblindness / Jonathan P. Rossing -- The chiaroscuros of white postfeminist empowerment in the fall / Rebeca Maseda García & María José Gámez Fuentes -- It's okay that we back-stab each other : cultural myths that fuel the battling female in the Bachelor / Jennifer S. Kramer -- Wicked stepmothers wear Dior : Hollywood's modern fairy tales / Lea M. Popielinski -- Honing hegemonic masculinity : a look at I love you, man and get hard / Sarah E. Fryett -- Bella's choice : deconstructing ideology and power in the Twilight saga / Leslie A. Grinner -- Mixed romance at the movies : toward a respectful representation / Marga Altena -- We need to talk... about relational conflict in scripted television / Cassandra Alexopoulos, Amelia Couture & Grace Hope Wolff -- "Trust me. I am not a racist" : whiteness, media and millennials / Christopher P. Campbell -- Knocked up knockouts : pregnancy, media, and the sexy bump / Natalie Jolly -- Special rights for queers? : content, patterns, and context of anti-LGBTQ internet hate speech / Cynthia A. Cooper -- Not just Jezebel : Black women, Nicki Minaj, and sexualized imagery in rap music / Kiana Cox -- Eminem's love the way you lie and the normalization of men's violence against women / Rachel Alicia Griffin & Joshua D. Phillips -- Music video images of ballet / Tessa Nunn -- "Never about my work, never about my motivations" : exploring online experiences of women journalists of color / Gina M. Chen & Paromita Pain -- And then there were two : telling the coming out stories of Jason Collins and Michael Sam in sports media / Andrew C. Billings, Leigh M. Moscowitz, & Qingru Xu -- Exploring gay/straight relationships on local television news / Mark Saxenmeyer -- Target vs. total marketing : the paradox of producing diverse mainstream content / Charisse L'Pree Corsbie-Massay -- Eddie huang : fresh off the boat / Dear Aunaetitrakul -- Is siri a little bit racist? : recognizing and confronting algorithmic bias in emerging media / Michael L. Austin -- The historical contexts of women's and minorities' access to broadcasting / Rebecca Ann Lind -- Encouraging diverse women's success in information communication technologies and media spaces / Paula Gardner & Suzanne Stein.

The cost of K-72 public schooling in the United States comes to well over $500 billion per year. So, how much influence could anyone in the private sector exert by controlling just a few billion dollars of that immense sum? Decisive influence, it turns out. A few billion dollars in private foundation money, strategically invested every year for a decade, has sufficed to define the national debate on education; sustain a crusade for a set of mostly ill-conceived reforms; and determine public policy at the local, state, and national levels. In the domain of venture philanthropy -- where donors decide what social transformation they want to engineer and then design and fund projects to implement their vision -- investing in education yields great bang for the buck. Hundreds of private philanthropies together spend almost $4 billion annually to support or transform K-12 education, most of it directed to schools that serve low-income children (only religious organizations receive more money). But three funders -- the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Eli and Edythe Broad (rhymes with road) Foundation, and the Walton Family Foundation -- working in sync, command the field. Whatever nuances differentiate the motivations of the Big Three, their market-based goals for overhauling public education coincide: choice, competition, deregulation, accountability, and databased decision-making. And they fund the same vehicles to achieve their goals: charter schools, high-stakes standardized testing for students, merit pay for teachers whose students improve their test scores, firing teachers and closing schools when scores don't rise adequately, and longitudinal data collection on the performance of every student and teacher. Other foundations -- Ford, Hewlett, Annenberg, Milken, to name just a few -- often join in funding one project or another, but the education reform movement's success so far has depended on the size and clout of the Gates-Broad-Walton triumvirate. Every day, dozens of reporters and bloggers cover the Big Three's reform campaign, but critical in-depth investigations have been scarce (for reasons I'll explain further on). Meanwhile, evidence is mounting that the reforms are not working. Stanford University's 2009 study of charter schools -- the most comprehensive ever done -- concluded that 83 percent of them perform either worse or no better than traditional public schools; a 2010 Vanderbilt University study showed definitively that merit pay for teachers does not produce higher test scores for students; a National Research Council report confirmed multiple studies that show standardized test scores do not measure student learning adequately. Gates and Broad helped to shape and fund two of the nation's most extensive and aggressive school reform programs -- in Chicago and New York City -- but neither has produced credible improvement in student performance after years of experimentation. To justify their campaign, ed reformers repeat, mantra-like, that U.S. students are trailing far behind their peers in other nations, that U.S. public schools are failing. The claims are specious. Two of the three major international tests -- the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study and the Trends in international Math and Science Study -- break down student scores according to the poverty rate in each school. The tests are given every five years. The most recent results (2006) showed the following: students in U.S. schools where the poverty rate was less than 10 percent ranked first in reading, first in science, and third in math. When the poverty rate was 10 percent to 25 percent, U.S. students still ranked first in reading and science. But as the poverty rate rose still higher, students ranked lower and lower. Twenty percent of all U.S. schools have poverty rates over 75 percent. The average ranking of American students reflects this. The problem is not public schools; it is poverty. And as dozens of studies have shown, the gap in cognitive, physical, and social development between children in poverty and middle-class children is set by age three. Drilling students on sample questions for weeks before a state test will not improve their education. The truly excellent charter schools depend on foundation money and their prerogative to send low-performing students back to traditional public schools. They cannot be replicated to serve millions of low-income children. Yet the reform movement, led by Gates, Broad, and Walton, has convinced most Americans who have an opinion about education (including most liberals) that their agenda deserves support. Given all this, I want to explore three questions: How do these foundations operate on the ground? How do they leverage their money into control over public policy? And how do they construct consensus? We know the array of tools used by the foundations for education reform: they fund programs to close down schools, set up charters, and experiment with data-collection software, testing regimes, and teacher evaluation plans; they give grants to research groups and think tanks to study all the programs, to evaluate all the studies, and to conduct surveys; they give grants to TV networks for programming and to news organizations for reporting; they spend hundreds of millions on advocacy outreach to the media, to government at every level, and to voters. Yet we don't know much at all until we get down to specifics. Adapted from the source document.

Machine generated contents note: Preface: Systematizing Success Lessons from the world's fastest growing companies PART 1: NAIL A NICHE Chapter 1: "NICHE" DOESN'T MEAN SMALL ARE YOU SURE YOU'RE READY TO GROW FASTER? HOW TO KNOW IF YOU'VE NAILED A NICHE ACHIEVE WORLD DOMINATION ONE NICHE AT A TIME THE ARC OF ATTENTION Chapter 2: SIGNS OF SLOGGING ARE YOU A NICE-TO-HAVE? BIG COMPANIES SUFFER TOO WHERE AARON WENT WRONG YOUR CURRENT STRENGTH CAN BE A FUTURE WEAKNESS Chapter 3: HOW TO NAIL IT WHERE CAN YOU BE A BIG FISH IN A SMALL POND? WORK THROUGH THE NICHE MATRIX HOW AVANOO NAILED IT JASON'S 20-INTERVIEW RULE Chapter 4: YOUR PITCH IF YOU WERE A RADIO STATION, WOULD ANYONE TUNE IN? ELEVATOR PITCHES ARE ALWAYS FRUSTRATING THEY DON'T CARE ABOUT "YOU": 3 SIMPLE QUESTIONS PART TWO: CREATE PREDICTABLE PIPELINE INTRODUCTION: LEAD GENERATION ABSOLVES MANY SINS Chapter 5: SEEDS - CUSTOMER SUCCESS HOW TO GROW SEEDS PREDICTABLY CASE STUDY: HOW GILD DROPPED MONTHLY CHURN FROM 4% TO 1% CASE STUDY: CUSTOMER SERVICE EXCELLENCE AT TOPCON Chapter 6: NETS - INBOUND MARKETING THE FORCING FUNCTION YOUR MARKETING LEADER NEEDS: A "LEAD COMMIT" CORPORATE MARKETING VS. DEMAND GENERATION CASE STUDY: ZENEFITS FROM $1 MILLION TO $100 MILLION IN TWO YEARS INBOUND MARKETING: A 4-POINT PRIMER HEROIC MARKETING: WHEN YOU HAVE NO MONEY AND LITTLE TIME Chapter 7: SPEARS - OUTBOUND PROSPECTING WHERE OUTBOUND WORKS BEST - AND WHERE IT FAILS OUTBOUND LESSONS LEARNED SINCE PREDICTABLE REVENUE WAS PUBLISHED CASE STUDY: ZENEFITS' OUTBOUND LESSONS ACQUIA: OUTBOUND'S ROLE IN A $100 MILLION TRAJECTORY GUIDESPARK: FROM ZERO TO $10 MILLION WITH OUTBOUND TAPSTREAM: STARTING FROM SCRATCH CHAPTER X: WHAT EXECUTIVES MISS PIPELINE CREATION RATE: YOUR #1 LEADING METRIC THE 15/85 RULE: EARLY ADOPTERS AND MAINSTREAM BUYERS WHY YOU'RE UNDERESTIMATING CUSTOMER LIFETIME VALUE CHAPTER 8: WHAT EXECUTIVES MISS PIPELINE CREATION RATE: YOUR #1 LEADING METRIC THE 15/85 RULE: EARLY ADOPTERS AND MAINSTREAM BUYERS WHY YOU'RE UNDERESTIMATING CUSTOMER LIFETIME VALUE PART 3: MAKE SALES SCALABLE Chapter 9: LEARN FROM OUR MISTAKES GROWTH CREATES MORE PROBLEMS THAN IT SOLVES -BUT THEY ARE BETTER PROBLEMS JASON'S TOP 12 MISTAKES IN BUILDING SALES TEAMS ADVICE FROM THE VP SALES BEHIND LINKEDIN AND ECHOSIGN Chapter 10: SPECIALIZATION: YOUR #1 SALES MULTIPLIER WHY SALESPEOPLE SHOULDN'T PROSPECT CASE STUDY: HOW CLIO RESTRUCTURED SALES IN 3 MONTHS CAN YOU BE TOO SMALL, OR TOO BIG, TO SPECIALIZE? SPECIALIZATION: TWO COMMON OBJECTIONS SPECIALIZATION SNAPSHOT AT ACQUIA CHAPTER 11: HIRING BEST PRACTICES FOR SALES SIMPLE HIRING TRICKS WHEN DOING SOMETHING NEW, START WITH TWO CHAPTER 12: HIRING BEST PRACTICES FOR SALES SIMPLE HIRING TRICKS WHEN DOING SOMETHING NEW, START WITH TWO THE $100M HUBSPOT SALES MACHINE: RECRUITING AND COACHING ESSENTIALS CASE STUDY: HOW TO CUT DOWN ON WASTED INTERVIEWING TIME CHAPTER 13: SCALING THE SALES TEAM IF YOU'RE CHURNING MORE THAN 10% OF YOUR SALESPEOPLE, THEY AREN'T THE PROBLEM ZENEFITS CASE STUDY: SCALING SALES FROM 2 TO 350 REPS PUT NON-SALES LEADERS ON VARIABLE COMP PLANS, TOO TRUTH = MONEY PIPELINE DEFICIT DISORDER ARE YOUR ENTERPRISE DEALS TAKING FOREVER? FIVE KEY SALES METRICS (WITH A TWIST) Chapter 14: FOR STARTUPS ONLY EVERY TECH PRODUCT SHOULD HAVE A SERVICE OPTION WHAT JASON INVESTS IN + DO YOU NEED TO RAISE MONEY TO SCALE? WHAT THE HEADCOUNT OF A 100-PERSON SAAS COMPANY LOOKS LIKE PART 4: DOUBLE YOUR DEALSIZE Painful Truth: It's hard to build a big business out of small deals. Chapter 15: DEALSIZE MATH WHAT JASON LEARNED: YOU NEED 50 MILLION USERS TO MAKE FREEMIUM WORK SMALL DEALS GET YOU STARTED, BIG DEALS DRIVE GROWTH CHAPTER 16: NOT TOO BIG, NOT TOO SMALL When you can't turn small deals into big ones IF YOU HAVE CUSTOMERS OF ALL SIZES Chapter 17: GOING UPMARKET IF YOU DON'T WANT SALESPEOPLE ADD ANOTHER TOP PRICING TIER PRICING IS ALWAYS A PAIN GOING FORTUNE 1000: BY MARK CRANNEY PART 5: Do The Time Chapter 18: EMBRACE FRUSTRATION ARE YOU SURE YOU'RE READY FOR THIS? EVERYONE HAS A YEAR OF HELL COMFORT IS THE ENEMY OF GROWTH REACHING ESCAPE VELOCITY Chapter 19: SUCCESS ISN'T A STRAIGHT LINE THE ANXIETY ECONOMY & ENTREPRENEUR DEPRESSION MARK SUSTER'S QUESTION: "SHOULD YOU LEARN OR EARN?" WHEN A STRAIGHT LINE ISN'T THE SHORTEST PATH TO SUCCESS CHANGE YOUR WORLD, NOT THE WORLD PART 6: EMBRACE EMPLOYEE OWNERSHIP Chapter 20: A REALITY CHECK DEAR EXECUTIVES (FROM EMPLOYEE) DEAR EMPLOYEE (FROM EXECUTIVES) PS: "DEAR SENIOR EXECUTIVES, DON'T GET LEFT BEHIND" (FROM CEO AND BOARD) ARE YOUR PEOPLE RENTING, OR OWNING? Chapter 21: FOR EXECUTIVES: CREATE FUNCTIONAL OWNERSHIP A SIMPLE SURVEY "NO SURPRISES" FUNCTIONAL OWNERSHIP CASE STUDY: HOW STRUGGLING TEAM TURNED INTO A SELF-MANAGING SUCCESS To Turn Things Around Chapter 22: TAKING OWNERSHIP TO THE NEXT LEVEL FINANCIAL OWNERSHIP MOVE PEOPLE AROUND THE 4 TYPES OF EMPLOYEES PART 7: DEFINE YOUR DESTINY Chapter 23: ARE YOU ABDICATING YOUR OPPORTUNITY? YOUR OPPORTUNITY IS BIGGER THAN YOU REALIZE HOW TO EXPAND YOUR OPPORTUNITY AT WORK YOU NEED SOME HUMDRUM PASSIONS YOUR COMPANY ISN'T YOUR MOMMY OR DADDY BACK TO FORCING FUNCTIONS: HOW TO MOTIVATE YOURSELF TO DO THINGS YOU DON'T FEEL LIKE DOING SALES IS A LIFE SKILL SALES IS A MULTI-STEP PROCESS Chapter 24: COMBINING MONEY AND MEANING MEANING GONE WRONG WHAT'S YOUR UNIQUE GENIUS? IGNORING REAL LIFE DOESN'T MAKE IT GO AWAY AARON: HOW THE HELL DO YOU JUGGLE 9+ KIDS AND WORK?