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The majority of research on the outcomes of education has focused on the effect of educational attainment on individuals' wages and on the level of skill in the economy as a whole. In this article, however, Nevzer Stacey argues that examining the social benefits of education beyond its economic impact would provide a more comprehensive informational basis for developing national educational policies. She reviews the literature that examines the impact of educational attainment on four areas of potential intervention: health; family structure, fertility, and child care; the environment; and crime. Although these studies report some statistics on education, virtually none uses measures of learning or inputs related to the learning process to estimate the effect of education. Stacey concludes that a more systematic analysis is needed to improve our under-standing of the full effect of education on society in order to determine appropriate public policy.

Arguing that examining the social benefits of education beyond its economic impact would provide a more comprehensive informational basis for developing national educational policies, results are presented of a review of the literature investigating the impact of educational attainment on four areas of potential intervention: health; family structure, fertility, & child care; the environment; & crime. Although these studies report some statistics on education, virtually none uses measures of learning or inputs related to the learning process to estimate the effect of education. It is concluded that a more systematic analysis is needed to enhance understanding of the full effect of education on society &, thus, determine appropriate public policy. 35 References. Adapted from the source document.

For decades, the primary argument in justifying education has been based on its direct economic effects. Yet education also provides "social benefits" for individuals and society at large, including a better way of taking care of ourselves and consequently creating a better society to live in. Though difficult to quantify these social benefits, a more systematic analysis would improve our understanding of the full effects of education and provide a basis for considering related policies. To promote better understanding, the Office of Research of the United States Department of Education commissioned a series of papers on measuring these effects of education

AbstractSoviet era firms provided generous social benefits, including health and child care. Despite recent cuts, firm survey data show that benefits have remained a major component of total compensation. With benefits largely firm‐specific and firms dominated by insiders, continuing attachment of workers as well as widespread informal sector participation has resulted. This has impeded restructuring, in part by generating significant set‐up costs for new private firms. We simulate the effects of a cut in subsidies to benefits provision. We show that while this leads to falls in benefits and employment and an increase in wages, the outcome critically depends on the availability of alternative providers. The key to cushioning these adverse consequences is the stimulation of a market in benefits provision. Given initial conditions, rapid removal of benefits supports will require transitional income support scheme of transitional support and show that it can be financed from the savings from removal of current subsidies to benefits.

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Implikationen der gegenwärtigen Steuer- und Sozialversicherungssysteme für die Binnenwanderung und die Migration von Arbeitnehmern innerhalb der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten. Dabei geht es zunächst um die ökonomische Debatte, welchen Einfluss die Immigration auf den Arbeitsmarkt des Gastlandes ausübt, welche Determinanten für Wanderarbeitnehmer entscheidungsleitend sind und wie hoch die finanziellen Belastungen für die betroffenen Migranten sind. Darüber hinaus werden Aussagen über die Relevanz der Steuergesetze bzw. die Notwendigkeit von Steuerreformen für die positiven Aspekte der Arbeitsmigration innerhalb der EU, z.B. bei der Sorge um die Überalterung der Gesellschaft mit ihren Auswirkungen auf die Sozialversicherungssysteme, gemacht. Gefordert wird eine Vereinheitlichung der Steuersysteme innerhalb der EU. Statistische Daten aus verschiedenen EU-Ländern verdeutlichen trotz der Diskussion der EU um Steuervereinheitlichung seit rund 30 Jahren die hohen Diskrepanzen der verschiedenen Steuerabgaben. Auf dem Hintergrund der EU-Erweiterung und der Bemühungen um eine einheitliche Migrationspolitik erscheint eine bessere Koordinierung der Steuerpolitik zwischen den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten für die Umsetzung einer kohärenten Immigrationspolitik unerlässlich. (ICH)

chapter 1 The New Zealand Model: Targeting in an Income-Tested System -- chapter 2 Targeting Strategies in the Netherlands: Demand Management and Cost Constraint -- chapter 3 Targeting Social Provisions in Britain: Who Benefits from Allocation Formulae? -- chapter 4 Retrenchment and Progressive Targeting: The Israeli Experience -- chapter 5 Targeting Social Welfare in the United States: Personal Responsibility, Private Behavior, and Public Benefits -- chapter 6 Targeting Welfare in a -- chapter 7 From a Generous to a Stingy Welfare State? Sweden's Approach to Targeting -- chapter 8 Renegotiating Social Allocations: Choices and Issues.

The aim of this research is to investigate the social benefits generated by heritage conservation in the Eastern country – China. With economic booming in the urban area, the cultural built heritage is hardly got properly conservation resulting from primarily considering economic benefits other than environmental or social benefits. Nowadays, the social benefits have been recognized by experts and governments; however few studies were conducted in developing or Eastern countries. Thus, this research is appealing a completed picture of heritage conservation in China. This research was based on a review of relevant literature, in which heritage conservation, social benefits of heritage conservation and conservation in China are discussed. Case study is adopted in this research and Gulou area, since it is one of representative heritage conservation in China whose renew project draws much focus. Questionnaires are delivered to local residents in the site of case study –Gulou area in Beijing, China, together with several interviews. The findings underline that the social benefits mentioned in the contemporary literature are partly achieve in practice. Education about the heritage and public participation are particularly lacking. The main conclusion to be drawn from this work is that heritage-related celebrations and completed exhibition should get more consideration in heritage conservation, while there are constrains to conduct. ; published_or_final_version ; Housing Management ; Master ; Master of Housing Management

In Auton v. British Columbia, our courts faced a perfect storm created by colliding social, political, and legal forces. The end result of the litigation in Canada was a case described by the Supreme Court as "the first case of this type to reach this court." in the view of the Supreme Court, the unanimous findings in the lower court had been built upon an incorrect premise that the provincial medicare scheme conferred a statutory right to public funding for all medically necessary services. The Court concluded that outside these core medical services, the statute had granted administrative discretion as to whether to extend public funding for treatments, such as intensive behavioural the rapy or other professional disciplines, such as behavioural the rapy. The Court went on to consider whether the petitioners were wrongly excluded from funding under the statute as properly construed. The perfect storm underlying Auton raises the more general question of the intersection of equality rights and the development and administration of social programs. In this paper, Geoffrey Cowper addresses some of the criticisms made of the result and reasoning in Auton. He the n addresses briefly the results and reasoning in other social benefit cases. That analysis suggests that the Court does not have a fixed approach to equality claims which arise in the context of social benefit programs. Rather, as in Auton, the Court appears consistently to prefer a more narrowly legal means of resolving the disputes rather than employing general questions of social policy and considering how equality analysis may facilitate or interfere with identified social objectives. To the extent that the decided cases indicate a trend, the Court appears to have little hesitation when it is convinced that the use of the distinction in its context is arbitrary and unfair.