Suchergebnisse

In the article it is realized the analysis of the system on counteraction to ideology ofterrorism; there are distinguished its basic subjects: political, social-economic, legal, information-propaganda, cultural-educational, organizational. There are offered basic directionsof work on counteraction to ideology of terrorism on the basis of higher educationestablishments. ; В статье проводится анализ системы по противодействию идеологии терроризма,выделяются основные её субъекты: политические, социально-экономические, правовые, информационно-пропагандистские, культурно-образовательные, организационные.Предлагаются основные направления работы по противодействию идеологии терроризма на базе учреждений высшего образования.

The work is devoted to the development of a device for counteracting laser means of location and destruction. The analysis of data from open literature on similar systems and technologies have been performed. Theoretical calculations of the effectiveness of protecting the human eye or optical device from laser damage with various types of protection have been carried out.Laser technology has been used by the military since the mid-1950s. The military uses lasers in systems of direct thermal destruction of the object, pointers, detection systems of snipers, systems of interference with snipers, rangefinders, etc. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, military-experimental blinding self-propelled complexes were created in the USSR. The development of laser and computer technology has significantly reduced the dimensions of the devices, as well as their cost. Now such systems are widely used in combat operations.On the other hand, there is a challenge to counteract such complexes. Systems are needed that can hide optical systems from detection, as well as prevent them from being destroyed by blinding complexes.The purpose of the work is to develop a system to counteract the laser complexes of location and damage. Its task is to hide the optical device from laser scanning systems and prevent the damage of the optical device or the human eye by blinding laser radiation.The relevance of this article is due to the need to create new and improve existing electronic systems to counteract the laser means of location and destruction. Despite the fact that studies in this area are conducted for more than one year, the choice of such systems is very small.To minimize the probability of detecting an optical device, mechanical means of narrowing the beam glare angle are commonly used. One example is cellular blinds. The length of one cell must be much higher than its diameter. The surface of the cell tubes should be blackened to reduce the reflection of light rays. For more accurate narrowing of the flare angle, it possible to set several cellular blends in a row - the number depends on their optical qualities.Optical means include optical filters that absorb, block, or scatter the infrared spectrum, because laser detectors of optical devices are in it. Such a filter should be placed on the optical sight between the lens and the lens hood. After all, it reflects the infrared rays, working as a mirror. Therefore, this angle of reflection should be reduced by all means, in particular tubular blinds, as described above.However, these methods cannot fully protect the operator of the optical observation device from the powerful laser radiation directed to the device. To solve this problem, you can use technology that completely blocks the optical channel when you receive high-power laser radiation on an optical device. The radiation sensors respond to the high-power laser radiation of the destruction and transmit the signal to an electronic circuit, which turn on a liquid crystal filter that covers the optical channel. Under the influence of electric current, liquid crystals become a special structure in such a way that infrared radiation does not pass through the filter. When the radiation is lost, the electronic system returns the liquid crystal filter to a transparent state.The power impulse of laser means of location and destruction can significantly damage a person's vision, and at large lens diameters or at short distances between a these means and an observer, a person may lose it completely. The same applies to light-sensitive arrays of optoelectronic devices. As shown in the calculations, the maximum permissible level of radiation energy density in unprotected optics is much lower than the radiation energy density provided by laser means of location and destruction.The opto-electronic protection system reduces the time of laser radiation to the human eye or the light-sensitive matrix of the optoelectronic device to safe limits. As shown by the calculations, this increased the maximum allowable level of radiation energy density above the level provided by power lasers for their entire range of use and lenses with diameters from 24 mm to 100 mm, which will protect them from the blinding effect of laser means of location and destruction. ; Робота присвячена розробці пристрою для протидії лазерним засобам локації та ураження. Проведено аналіз даних з відкритих літературних джерел про аналогічні системи та технології. Проведено теоретичні розрахунки ефективності захисту людського ока або оптичного приладу від лазерного ураження при різних типах захисту.

The work is devoted to the development of a device for counteracting laser means of location and destruction. The analysis of data from open literature on similar systems and technologies have been performed. Theoretical calculations of the effectiveness of protecting the human eye or optical device from laser damage with various types of protection have been carried out.Laser technology has been used by the military since the mid-1950s. The military uses lasers in systems of direct thermal destruction of the object, pointers, detection systems of snipers, systems of interference with snipers, rangefinders, etc. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, military-experimental blinding self-propelled complexes were created in the USSR. The development of laser and computer technology has significantly reduced the dimensions of the devices, as well as their cost. Now such systems are widely used in combat operations.On the other hand, there is a challenge to counteract such complexes. Systems are needed that can hide optical systems from detection, as well as prevent them from being destroyed by blinding complexes.The purpose of the work is to develop a system to counteract the laser complexes of location and damage. Its task is to hide the optical device from laser scanning systems and prevent the damage of the optical device or the human eye by blinding laser radiation.The relevance of this article is due to the need to create new and improve existing electronic systems to counteract the laser means of location and destruction. Despite the fact that studies in this area are conducted for more than one year, the choice of such systems is very small.To minimize the probability of detecting an optical device, mechanical means of narrowing the beam glare angle are commonly used. One example is cellular blinds. The length of one cell must be much higher than its diameter. The surface of the cell tubes should be blackened to reduce the reflection of light rays. For more accurate narrowing of the flare angle, it possible to set several cellular blends in a row - the number depends on their optical qualities.Optical means include optical filters that absorb, block, or scatter the infrared spectrum, because laser detectors of optical devices are in it. Such a filter should be placed on the optical sight between the lens and the lens hood. After all, it reflects the infrared rays, working as a mirror. Therefore, this angle of reflection should be reduced by all means, in particular tubular blinds, as described above.However, these methods cannot fully protect the operator of the optical observation device from the powerful laser radiation directed to the device. To solve this problem, you can use technology that completely blocks the optical channel when you receive high-power laser radiation on an optical device. The radiation sensors respond to the high-power laser radiation of the destruction and transmit the signal to an electronic circuit, which turn on a liquid crystal filter that covers the optical channel. Under the influence of electric current, liquid crystals become a special structure in such a way that infrared radiation does not pass through the filter. When the radiation is lost, the electronic system returns the liquid crystal filter to a transparent state.The power impulse of laser means of location and destruction can significantly damage a person's vision, and at large lens diameters or at short distances between a these means and an observer, a person may lose it completely. The same applies to light-sensitive arrays of optoelectronic devices. As shown in the calculations, the maximum permissible level of radiation energy density in unprotected optics is much lower than the radiation energy density provided by laser means of location and destruction.The opto-electronic protection system reduces the time of laser radiation to the human eye or the light-sensitive matrix of the optoelectronic device to safe limits. As shown by the calculations, this increased the maximum allowable level of radiation energy density above the level provided by power lasers for their entire range of use and lenses with diameters from 24 mm to 100 mm, which will protect them from the blinding effect of laser means of location and destruction. ; Робота присвячена розробці пристрою для протидії лазерним засобам локації та ураження. Проведено аналіз даних з відкритих літературних джерел про аналогічні системи та технології. Проведено теоретичні розрахунки ефективності захисту людського ока або оптичного приладу від лазерного ураження при різних типах захисту.

The work is devoted to the development of a device for counteracting laser means of location and destruction. The analysis of data from open literature on similar systems and technologies have been performed. Theoretical calculations of the effectiveness of protecting the human eye or optical device from laser damage with various types of protection have been carried out.Laser technology has been used by the military since the mid-1950s. The military uses lasers in systems of direct thermal destruction of the object, pointers, detection systems of snipers, systems of interference with snipers, rangefinders, etc. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, military-experimental blinding self-propelled complexes were created in the USSR. The development of laser and computer technology has significantly reduced the dimensions of the devices, as well as their cost. Now such systems are widely used in combat operations.On the other hand, there is a challenge to counteract such complexes. Systems are needed that can hide optical systems from detection, as well as prevent them from being destroyed by blinding complexes.The purpose of the work is to develop a system to counteract the laser complexes of location and damage. Its task is to hide the optical device from laser scanning systems and prevent the damage of the optical device or the human eye by blinding laser radiation.The relevance of this article is due to the need to create new and improve existing electronic systems to counteract the laser means of location and destruction. Despite the fact that studies in this area are conducted for more than one year, the choice of such systems is very small.To minimize the probability of detecting an optical device, mechanical means of narrowing the beam glare angle are commonly used. One example is cellular blinds. The length of one cell must be much higher than its diameter. The surface of the cell tubes should be blackened to reduce the reflection of light rays. For more accurate narrowing of the flare angle, it possible to ...

Introduction. The article discusses the features of the regulation of counteraction measures in the initial period of the pandemic. When choosing the object of the study, the authors proceeded from the assumption that the effectiveness of responding to COVID-19 threats is related to the capabilities of public administration systems to be adaptive and respond promptly to changes in the situation. The authors focused on studying the process of adaptation of management systems to a new type of threat, for this purpose the situation in countries with maximum and minimum mortality rates was studied. Methods and materials. The methodology is based on the use of the Evidence-based policy principle, implemented through desk research and event analysis. The chosen methodology made it possible to identify a number of typical response strategies based on attempts of "suppression and deterrence", "mitigation and struggle", "support and assistance", expressed in lockdowns of varying degrees of severity. Analysis. Typical measures in the political sphere include the creation of government crisis response headquarters and the development of national plans to combat the epidemic. Most of the damage received by States during the COVID-19 pandemic is due to underestimation of the situation and risks of biological safety, lack of experience in responding. Results. Conclusions were drawn about the economic and political consequences of the implementation of state strategies, their impact on national security. In particular, it was noted that administrative measures (China) give a quick effect with great complexity of implementation, but most states prefer to balance between the necessary restrictions and maintaining the viability of economies. As a result, the final conclusion was made that the practice of crisis management should become an integral part of government responses to shocks in the future.

The subject of the research is the processes of combating corruption in the penitentiary system of Russia. The purpose of the research is to analyze the legal prerequisites for the emergence of corruption manifestations in the penitentiary system and search for promising areas of legislation improvement in this area. The work is based on the complex application of a number of general and special research methods (structural and functional analysis, comparative-legal, formal-logical, system-structural methods). Domestic and foreign regulations, official data of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the results of the Russian and foreign scholars' research serve the information base of the research. The main result of the research is in substantiation of the essential conclusions about the need for a clearer definition of the penitentiary system officials' powers in order to reduce the risks of committing acts with the signs of corruption. The most significant, regarding the risks of corruption manifestations, spheres of penitentiary system employees' activity are defined. The directions of law enforcement practice improvement in the sphere under the research are substantiated. The materials of the research can be useful for both scientists-penitentiaries, practitioners and for students, undergraduates and graduate students of the relevant areas of training and specialties in the course of mastering special disciplines

The article analyzes the concept of "counteraction to budget legislation violations" and identifies the subjects of such counteraction. It is noted that counteraction to violations of budget legislation involves the activities of authorized entities to formulate public policy in this area (with the definition of coordination mechanism), prevention (detection and neutralization of causes and conditions), detection and termination of budget torts, liability and elimination of negative consequences from their commission. It is proposed to consider the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, budget control bodies (Accounting Chamber, Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, local financial bodies, bodies of the State Treasury Service of Ukraine, bodies of the State Audit Service of Ukraine), law enforcement bodies(National Police, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, State Bureau of Investigation, Security Service of Ukraine, Tax Police, Prosecutor's Office) and courts as subjects of counteraction to budget legislation violations. The legislative, control and constituent functions of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine as a subject of counteraction to budget legislation violations have been revealed. It is noted that the President of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine are entities that determine strategic and tactical measures to combat budget violations on the basis of laws adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and make efforts to coordinate the activities of direct executors of these measures. Examples of prompt response to problems of proper budget funds use by the Government of Ukraine and its implementation of the constituent function by creating and reorganizing certain entities to combat violations of budget legislation are given. It is noted that the courts as subjects of counteraction to budget legislation violations exercise their powers through the administration of justice in criminal proceedings under Art. 210 "Improper use of budget funds, ...

Розкрито сутність, передумови виникнення, сучасні особливості, наслідки і масштаби поширення корупції в судовій системі України. Розглянуто актуальні проблеми протидії корупції у судах із урахуванням законодавства, європейського досвіду та громадської думки. Проаналізовано досягнення у цьому напрямку та передумови відновлення довіри громадськості до судової системи, забезпечення реалізації конституційних прав громадян. Викладено пропозиції щодо покращення діяльності судової системи держави та позитивного впливу на боротьбу із корупцією. ; The article reveals the essence, preconditions for occurrence, current features, effects and the extent of corruption in the judicial system of Ukraine. The actual problems in combating corruption in courts considering the legislation, European experience and public opinion are examined. The achievements in this area as well as prerequisites for the restoration of public confidence in the judiciary, ensuring the implementation of citizens' constitutional rights are analyzed. The suggestions for improving the judicial system of the country and having a positive impact on the fight against corruption are given.

Розкрито сутність, передумови виникнення, сучасні особливості, наслідки і масштаби поширення корупції в судовій системі України. Розглянуто актуальні проблеми протидії корупції у судах із урахуванням законодавства, європейського досвіду та громадської думки. Проаналізовано досягнення у цьому напрямку та передумови відновлення довіри громадськості до судової системи, забезпечення реалізації конституційних прав громадян. Викладено пропозиції щодо покращення діяльності судової системи держави та позитивного впливу на боротьбу із корупцією. ; The article reveals the essence, preconditions for occurrence, current features, effects and the extent of corruption in the judicial system of Ukraine. The actual problems in combating corruption in courts considering the legislation, European experience and public opinion are examined. The achievements in this area as well as prerequisites for the restoration of public confidence in the judiciary, ensuring the implementation of citizens' constitutional rights are analyzed. The suggestions for improving the judicial system of the country and having a positive impact on the fight against corruption are given.

The article describes the experience of Latvia in programming the counteraction of crime in modern conditions. It is established that Latvia among the countries of the European Union in most can be attributed to a country with a stable criminogenic situation. However, recently the share of especially grave crimes (homicide in particular) and juvenile delinquency is increasing, influences the formation of state policy in the sphere of counteraction crime. It was found that there is no unified comprehensive state crime prevention program. However, there are other strategic and program documents defining a modern crime prevention policy in Latvia, namely: the Strategy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Latvia for 2017-2019 and the Concept of the International Police Cooperation and Fight against Crime program for 2014-2021. These two documents are interrelated and complement each other, as well as based on other government strategies for the country's socio-economic development. The Strategy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Latvia for 2017-2019 determines the relevant priorities and activities in the sphere of counteraction crime that are necessary for the implementation of the police as a whole and the public security police. The concept of the "International police cooperation and fight against crime" program for 2014–2021, by its content, is mostly aimed at counteracting economic crimes, corruption, as well as domestic and gender-based violence. A distinctive feature of the Concept of the "International Police Cooperation and the Fight against Crime" program for 2014–2021 is that this program document represents a certain symbiosis of individual elements of strategic documents: Concept - Program - Plan - Basic Software Projects. It also clearly establishes a differentiated approach to determining the relationship between "soft" and "hard" measures, which are used in two program areas PJ20 (International police cooperation and the fight against crime) and PJ22 (Domestic and Gender Violence). The ...