Suchergebnisse

RésuméLa thèse de cet article est que les principes des ordres juridiques autochtones, prévalant avant le contact avec les Européens, concernant les droits individuels et collectifs peuvent être articulés de manière à s'appliquer aux questions contemporaines d'orientation sexuelle et de transgenre dans les communautés autochtones. Selon le cadre d'analyse proposé (1) les sociétés autochtones avant contact acceptaient en général une diversité d'orientations sexuelles ainsi que les phénomènes de transgenre; (2) l'intolérance envers la diversité sexuelle est une conséquence du colonialisme; (3) des contestations récentes et l'action politique ont initié un débat sur ces enjeux dans les sociétés autochtones; et (4) les Autochtones peuvent s'appuyer sur des ordres juridiques avant contact et une approche pragmatique et critique pour construire des nations autonomes non oppressives. Le conflit entre droits collectifs et individuels est au fond une fausse dichotomie, selon l'auteur. Le défi posé est d'imaginer comment des systèmes juridiques autochtones et occidental peuvent coexister tout en maintenant l'intégrité de chaque culture et en protégeant les droits de gays, de lesbiennes et de transgenre autochtones.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether anti-transgender rights legislation among state legislators is associated with increased suicide- and depression-related Internet searches. Employing a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design, we focused on bills that were introduced to state legislatures from July 2019 to July 2020. As our panel is constructed of 51 states/territories over a 52-week time frame, our final dataset is composed of 2,652 observations. Results showed that states' passing of anti-transgender rights bills were linked with suicide- and depression-related Internet searches. Second, introducing or debating the bills did not have an association with Internet searches. Third, the defeat of anti-transgender bills was linked with fewer depression-related searches. Finally, the LGBT context in the state affected the results: anti-transgender legislation had a particularly strong association with suicide-related Internet searches when the state had a high LGBT population density.

AbstractIntroductionBecause transgender individuals experience disproportionately high rates of HIV infection, this population is an increasing focus of epidemiological and implementation science research to combat the epidemic. However, study participants, providers and other advocates have become increasingly concerned about research practices that may alienate, objectify, exploit or even re‐traumatize the communities they are designed to benefit. This commentary explores the common pitfalls of HIV research with transgender communities and provides a potential framework for ethical, community‐engaged research practice.DiscussionWe review some of the critical challenges to HIV research with transgender and non‐binary communities that limit the potential for such studies to improve practice. For example, scales that measure stigma perceptions/experiences often include activating language, while the consistent focus in research on risk and trauma can often feel judgemental and redundant. Because of limited employment opportunities, some participants may feel undue influence by research stipends; others may perceive their participation as fuelling the larger research economy without providing research jobs to community members. Questions remain regarding optimal strategies for authentic research partnership beyond community advisory boards or focus groups. Transgender and non‐binary researchers are under‐represented and may be tokenized. Many demonstration projects provide much‐needed services that disappear when the research funding is over, and community‐based dissemination efforts are often perceived as "too little, too late" to effect change.ConclusionsBased on this review and input from study participants across the United States, we detail six recommendations for ethical HIV research with transgender and non‐binary communities, including (1) equitable budgeting with community‐based programme partners; (2) representation in the development of both research agenda and methods; (3) integration of research activities into the ongoing work of any clinical or service site, so that individuals' needs as "clients" can continue to be prioritized over their role as "participants;" (4) mindfully considered compensation that values the contributions of community members, but avoids undue influence; (5) transparent, community‐focused and timely communication at every stage of the study, including research purpose, data usage, preliminary findings and full‐scale results; and (6) planning for sustainability of any programme or services beyond the life of the research project.