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Tables. ; Dated: Montreal, December 1844. ; Caption title. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

Students are not used as raters to evaluate or judge faculty members' academic performance in some universities because of the lack of trust. This study examined the extent to which students can give consistent and reliable ratings. Nineteen graduate students were asked to give
ratings to the academic performance of a faculty member on two occasions with two weeks in between. Results showed evidence of interrater agreement and rater consistency. With appropriate training, students can be a reliable source of information about faculty members' academic performance.

This article outlines the negative impact of California's anti-affirmative action initiative, Proposition 209, on the hiring of women faculty members throughout the University of California (UC) system. Martha West viewed with alarm the widening discrepancy between the increasing percentage of women Ph.D.s in the United States and the declining percentage of women faculty hires in the UC system after Prop 209 passed in 1996. The UC data indicated that serious discrimination against women was occurring in the faculty hiring process. Perceiving the urgency of the situation, she and other faculty advocates approached a state legislator for assistance in putting pressure on the UC administration. The legislator initiated a state audit of UC's faculty hiring process and held three hearings in 2001, 2002, and 2003, inviting testimony from faculty and administrators at all nine campuses and the UC's central administration. The proceedings of the hearings, the obstacles faced by faculty women, and recommendations for change are highlighted in this article.

Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes involved in degradation of extracellular colagen matrix during periodontal disease progression. The aim of our work was to study the levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and MMP-10 in saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: The study included 22 patients with chronic periodontal disease and 15 controls. We collect unstimulated whole saliva from all volunteers included in the study. Salivary levels of mentioned MMPs were analyzed using magnetic bead-based multiplex assays and Luminex technology. Results: MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9 and MMP-10 present statistically increased salivary levels at patients with periodontal disease versus the control group (p<0.05). Salivary level of MMP-2 at patients with chronic periodontitis was increased but statistically insignificant compared with healthy subjects (p=0.1). Conclusions. The increased level of these enzymes in patients diagnosed with periodontal disease reflects their implication in periodontal tissue degradation. Saliva is an excellent fluid useful in monitoring the severity of this oral disease that affects about half of the adult population around the world.

AbstractThis article profiles the historical twin databases of the secondary education school attached to the Faculty of Education at the University of Tokyo. The school was established in 1948. Every year, about 50 pairs of twins of all sex and zygosity combinations, aged 11–12 years, take an examination, and about 10–20 pairs are admitted based on the results. Three datasets exist: one for applicants (11–12 years old), one for junior and senior high school students (12–18 years old) and one for graduates (18–85 years old). Linking the records from these three databases should facilitate several important research projects, for example, life course genetic epidemiologic studies and the verification of the so-called developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis.