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Clearly, a new agenda is emerging for private international banks. Political issues such as human rights seem to be a current concern. But what about democracy? What about political regimes? Are they taken into account by private banks when they decide whether to invest in a country? Put another way, do private banks have democratic political preferences? In this article, we focus on cross-border lending from international bank(er)s. The questions asked are as follows. Do bank(er)s react positively (that is by increasing their lending) when an emerging democracy appears? Do we witness increased bank lending after democratic transitions? Lastly, is there any relation between democratic consolidation and bank lending? [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright 2008 International Political Science Association.]

"The regulation of greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation and maritime transport has proved to be a difficult task for international climate negotiations such as the Paris Agreement in 2015. Almost two decades prior, Article 2.2 of the Kyoto Protocol excluded emissions from international aviation and maritime transport from its targets, delegating the negotiation of sector-specific regulations to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), respectively. However, progress at these venues has also been limited. Regime Interaction and Climate Change maps out the legal frameworks in the Climate, ICAO and IMO regimes, and explores the law-making process for the regulation of international aviation and maritime transport through the lenses of fragmentation of international law and regime interaction. The book sheds light on how interaction between these three regimes occurs, what the consequences of such interaction are and how they can be managed to resolve conflicts and promote synergies. This book will be of great interest to scholars of international environmental law and governance, climate change policy and climate change law."--Provided by publisher.

Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Where i come from : emotions, race and the border -- Becoming "illegal" : compassion, multicultural love and resentment -- Failing to be(come) "ideal" : multiculturalism, whiteness and the politics of resentment -- Think before you travel : urban violence, risk management and the territorialisation of the australian public space -- "Is australia racist?" : interpretive denial and the politics of anger -- Feeling like an international student : racial grief, compassion and national sentimentality -- Conclusion -- Fantasies of multiculturalism : whiteness, emotions and the border -- Index

Following the 'aesthetic turn' in International Relations (IR) the discipline has witnessed an upsurge of interest in new types of research material. Products of popular culture are one among these. Although works that articulate international relations with popular culture have yielded interesting research results, there is a need for sustained methodological and metatheoretical reflection. The article suggests that pragmatism would provide an untapped yet fruitful resource for this task. The unique value of pragmatism lies in the fact that it offers a solid metatheoretical basis for inquiries as well as a methodological solution. Metatheoretically, pragmatism has a specific contribution to make as it begins with practice, with the need to come to terms with the concrete facts of worldly existence. Instead of conceptualising international relations and popular culture as separate categories which form 'interfaces' with one another, pragmatism views them as dialectically related moments of semeiosis. Methodologically, this thought can be operationalised by way of analysing products of popular culture as a set of 'interpretants' — a term which designates one side of Charles S. Peirce's sign theory's triangular conception of the sign. The theory contains a set of distinctions which can be turned into a fruitful interrogative framework with the help of which it is possible to avoid forms of reductionism and to generate multidimensional explanations of international political phenomena.

The present paper consists of an extensive description of recent migration in the 8 new European Union member countries which accessed the EU on May 1st, 2004. Since 1989 all of these countries experience an unique shift from socialist to market economy. The paper attempts to capture an interplay or correlation of pre- and post-enlargement developments with the phenomena of political and socio-economic transition on migration from and into this region.

Abstract
Die Geschichte des Islam – seine Rolle als Faktor internationaler Politik und transnationaler Verflechtung – spielt in der deutschen und europäischen Zeitgeschichtsforschung bislang nur eine marginale Rolle. Das Podium Zeitgeschichte unternimmt den Versuch einer "De-Provinzialisierung" des Islam und bringt ihn mit ideengeschichtlichen Universalismen und Traditionen ins Gespräch, die von der bisherigen Forschung überwiegend westlich-europäisch konnotiert werden. Dazu zählen Debatten um Islam und Nation im Dekolonialisierungsprozess (Matthieu Rey) ebenso wie konkurrierende Vorstellungen der Vereinbarkeit von Islam und säkularem Sozialismus (Manfred Sing). Hatem Elliesie befasst sich mit islamischen Menschenrechtsverständnissen und ihrem Verhältnis zu westlichen Deutungskonzepten. Den Abschluss bildet Esther Möllers Beitrag zu Konzepten und Praktiken humanitärer Hilfe islamisch geprägter Organisationen im Spannungsfeld von arabischem Nationalismus, Dekolonisation und Kaltem Krieg.

One of the most impressive, lasting and least known features of the International Brigades was the contribution of their medical services. Impressive, because not all health professionals take their Hippocratic oath seriously, and the doctors and nurses of the International Brigades
not only made the same gestures of courage and solidarity as the other volunteers but also left behind them professional careers that were unforgiving of long absences. Lasting, because the contributions of the various Spanish and foreign doctors, from the Catalans Josep Trueta and Moiss Broggi,
the famous Canadian Norman Bethune, the New Zealander Douglas Jolly and the Englishmen Len Crome and Reggie Saxton, were of a colossal importance in the later development of traumatalogical medicine in both war and peacetime. Unknown, for the obvious reason that the tireless abnegation, behind
the lines, of ambulance drivers, nurses and doctors have attracted far less attention from journalists, writers and historians than the struggle of front-line combatants. In recent times, there has been a growth of interest in this aspect of the history of the International Brigades, and what
follows a study of two doctors whose work in Spain had a later impact during the Second World War aims to make a small contribution to that history. Although of widely differing origins, Crome from Russia, Saxton from imperial Britain, they were both typical of volunteers within the Brigades
medical services. Their similarities were even more typical their selfless dedication to the struggle against fascism and their later service in the Second World War. Like other doctors in the Spanish Civil War, Broggi, Trueta, Bethune, Jolly, both made medical advances that would be of considerable
use thereafter. This could have been the story of other doctors who were equally courageous, idealistic and professional in their service with the International Brigades. Nonetheless, these two men were both exemplary and representative of so many others. Their stories go some way to giving
some notion of the dedication and sacrifice that characterized the men and women of the International Brigades medical services.