Suchergebnisse

New technologies have allowed traditional map production criteria to be modified or even subverted. Starting from the communication sciences—journalism in particular—and digital humanities via the history of communication, we show how to use interactive digital maps for the production and publication of knowledge through and/or for participation. Firstly, we establish the theoretical-conceptual framework necessary to base the practices, dividing the elements into three areas: interactive maps and knowledge production (decentralization, pluralization, reticularization, and humanization), maps as instruments to promote political and social participation (egalitarianism, horizontality, and criticism), and maps as instruments for the visualization of data that favors the user experience (interactivity, multimediality, reticularity of reading, and participation). Next, we present two cases that we developed to put into practice the theoretical concepts that we established: the Mapa Infoparticipa (Infoparticipa Map), which shows the results of the evaluation of the transparency of public administrations, and the Ciutadania Plural (Plural Citizenship) web platform for the production of social knowledge about the past and the present. This theoretical and practical model shows the possibilities of interactive maps as tools to promote political participation and as instruments for the construction of social knowledge in a collaborative, participatory, networked way.

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M ; Background: cross-border research is a novel and important tool for detecting variability of ecological knowledge. This is especially evident in regions recently divided and annexed to different political regimes. Therefore, we conducted a study among Hutsuls, a cultural and linguistic minority group living in Northern and Southern Bukovina (Ukraine and Romania, respectively). Indeed, in the 1940s, a border was created: Northern Bukovina was annexed by the USSR while Southern Bukovina remained part of the Kingdom of Romania. Methods: in this research, we aim to document uses of plants for food and medicinal preparations, discussing the different dynamics of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) transmission among Hutsuls living in Ukraine and Romania. Field research was conducted using convenience and snowball sampling techniques to recruit 31 Hutsuls in Ukraine and 30 in Romania for participation in semi-structured interviews regarding the use of plants for medicinal and food preparation purposes and the sources of such knowledge. Results: the interviews revealed that, despite a common cultural and linguistic background, ethnobotanical knowledge transmission occurs in different ways on each side of the border. Family is a primary source of ethnobotanical knowledge transmission on both sides of the border; however, in Romania, knowledge from other sources is very limited, whereas in Ukraine interviewees reported several other sources including books, magazines, newspapers, the Internet and television. This is especially evident when analysing the wild plants used for medicinal purposes as we found 53 taxa that were common to both, 47 used only in Ukraine and 11 used only in Romania. While Romanian Hutsuls used almost exclusively locally available plants, Ukrainian Hutsuls often reported novel plants such as Aloe vera, Aronia melanocarpa and Elaeagnus rhamnoides. Knowledge related to these plants was transferred by sources of knowledge other than oral transmission among members of the same family. Therefore, this may imply hybridization of the local body of knowledge with foreign elements originating in the Soviet context which has enriched the corpus of ethnobotanical knowledge held by Ukrainian Hutsuls. Conclusion: while ethnobotanical knowledge among Romanian Hutsuls is mainly traditional and vertically transmitted, among Ukrainian Hutsuls there is a considerable proportion of LEK that is transmitted from other (written and visual) sources of knowledge. This cross-border research reveals that despite a common cultural background, socio-political scenarios have impacted Hutsul ethnobotanical knowledge and its transmission patterns.

Knowledge of the climate is essential to manage climate-related risks. Underpinning this knowledge is a huge range of climate research and climate service activities. There has been a marked expansion of such activities and while the numerous and diverse funding streams, activities and organizations involved means that climate service development is relatively well resourced in places, there is a risk that the landscape becomes fragmented, duplicative, confusing, and inefficient. To mitigate this, the European Commission established the Climateurope project to bring coordination to Europe's climate-related knowledge base. Climateurope created a managed network to share knowledge, improve synergies and reduce fragmentation among the stakeholders. As the network evolved, we proactively strove for equality, diversity and inclusion, for example for gender, under-represented regions, and under-represented stakeholder groups. Climateurope explored and adopted innovative approaches to engaging the network members, including face-to-face networking events (Festivals), virtual networking events (Webstivals and webinars), use of arts, social media, expert groups, publications, and an active website. The mix and integration of the traditional communications, such as website, publications and expert groups, with more innovative and varied approaches, such as the Festivals, Webstivals, social media and arts, proved popular and successful in making the network active and attractive. We describe how the network and collaboration was established and managed, and we offer some recommendations for others based on our experiences, including consideration of equality, diversity and inclusion, consider strategies for growing, managing and sustaining the network, and consider a mix of virtual and physical networking events. ; This work was funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union: Climateurope - Linking science and society, Project ref. 689029. The views expressed are purely those of the authors who were all involved in the project and may not under any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission. Thank you to Rob Groenland and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the paper ; Peer Reviewed ; "Article signat per 18 autors/es: Chris Hewitt, Janette Bessembinder, Mauro Buonocore, Tyrone Dunbar, Natalie Garrett, Lola Kotova, Stacey New, Paula Newton, Rebecca Parfitt, Carlo Buontempo, Francisco Doblas-Reyes, Francesca Guglielmo, Daniela Jacob, Erik Kjellström, Aleksandra Krzic, Helena Martins, Alessia Pietrosanti, Marta Terrado" ; Postprint (published version)

We thank the many knowledge holders that took part in this collaborative research and teaching initiative; William Atlas, Susan Anderson-Bean, Jonaki Bhattacharyya, Frank Brown, Kathy Brown, Jennifer Carpenter, Daryl Fedje, William Gladstone, Keith Gladstone, Lance Gunderson, Duncan McLaren, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Buzz Holling, Gary Housty, William Housty, Harvey Humchitt, Quentin Mackie, Reg Moody, Allyson Quinlan, Mike Reid, Ron Trosper, Nancy Turner, Andrea Vickers, Josh Vickers, Jennifer Walkus, Marty Weinstein, Gitla Elroy White, Laurie Whitehead, Evelyn Windsor, and our diverse and dedicated students. We thank Maria Tengo for providing valuable references, Alejandro Frid for his thoughtful contributions, Hannah Kobluk for preparing the map, and Dana Lepofsky for her insights and thorough review of an earlier version of this manuscript. We are indebted to Eric Peterson and Christina Munck for enabling this and other research and teaching initiatives on BC's coast. The Resilience graduate class was conducted in collaboration with the Heiltsuk Integrated Resource Management Department, Wuikinuxv Stewardship Office, Central Coast Indigenous Resource Alliance, and the Hakai Institute. Funding supporting this course, and the Hakai Network for Coastal Peoples, Ecosystems and Management, in which it was embedded, was provided by the Tula Foundation and collaborative teaching grants from Simon Fraser University to AKS. ; Faculty ; Reviewed

This review identifies understudied areas of emerging contaminant (EC) research in wastewaters and the environment, and recommends direction for future monitoring. Non-regulated trace organic ECs including pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and personal care products are focused on due to ongoing policy initiatives and the expectant broadening of environmental legislation. These ECs are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, mainly derived from the discharge of municipal wastewater effluents. Their presence is of concern due to the possible ecological impact (e.g., endocrine disruption) to biota within the environment. To better understand their fate in wastewaters and in the environment, a standardised approach to sampling is needed. This ensures representative data is attained and facilitates a better understanding of spatial and temporal trends of EC occurrence. During wastewater treatment, there is a lack of suspended particulate matter analysis due to further preparation requirements and a lack of good analytical approaches. This results in the under-reporting of several ECs entering wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) and the aquatic environment. Also, sludge can act as a concentrating medium for some chemicals during wastewater treatment. The majority of treated sludge is applied directly to agricultural land without analysis for ECs. As a result there is a paucity of information on the fate of ECs in soils and consequently, there has been no driver to investigate the toxicity to exposed terrestrial organisms. Therefore a more holistic approach to environmental monitoring is required, such that the fate and impact of ECs in all exposed environmental compartments are studied. The traditional analytical approach of applying targeted screening with low resolution mass spectrometry (e.g., triple quadrupoles) results in numerous chemicals such as transformation products going undetected. These can exhibit similar toxicity to the parent EC, demonstrating the necessity of using an integrated analytical approach which ...

New technologies have allowed traditional map production criteria to be modified or even subverted. Starting from the communication sciences-journalism in particular-and digital humanities via the history of communication, we show how to use interactive digital maps for the production and publication of knowledge through and/or for participation. Firstly, we establish the theoretical-conceptual framework necessary to base the practices, dividing the elements into three areas: interactive maps and knowledge production (decentralization, pluralization, reticularization, and humanization), maps as instruments to promote political and social participation (egalitarianism, horizontality, and criticism), and maps as instruments for the visualization of data that favors the user experience (interactivity, multimediality, reticularity of reading, and participation). Next, we present two cases that we developed to put into practice the theoretical concepts that we established: the Mapa Infoparticipa (Infoparticipa Map), which shows the results of the evaluation of the transparency of public administrations, and the Ciutadania Plural (Plural Citizenship) web platform for the production of social knowledge about the past and the present. This theoretical and practical model shows the possibilities of interactive maps as tools to promote political participation and as instruments for the construction of social knowledge in a collaborative, participatory, networked way.

This introduction to the thematic section indicates the diversity of ways different peasant, quilombola, and traditional peoples regulate and negotiate use and access to land and "natural resources." We explore how the knowledge, logics, politics, and ethics related to sharing land, forests, water, and beings (which all may or may not be considered to be for "common use") are intertwined with the actual construction of these communities, to varying degrees of satisfaction and continuity. The "common assets" of these peoples include "arts" and "knowledge," subtle, inventive, and everyday ways of producing relationality. We focus on situations of conflict and expropriation, as well as government policies on economic development or environmental conservation, to reflect on the responses and strategies used by these peoples to stop predatory practices that target their spaces and ways of life.elocation-id: e2230109Recebido: 04.15.2022 • Aceito: 05.06.2022 • Publicado: 05.20.2022Original article / Open access

In accounting, financial reporting dominantly focus on profits. There is growing pressure on social sensitivity of accounting. Sustainable Development Goals advocate for concern to the environment. Some researchers have endeavored to demonstrate how accountancy need to respond to the social concerns beyond traditional goal of profit maximization that singles out shareholders from the many stakeholders. However, these studies have been deficient in addressing the moderating influence of stakeholder knowledge on the relationship between social reporting and sustainability accounting which this study explores. The study adopted Mixed Methods Research of survey design. The target population comprised of the factory unit managers and accountants as the key informants, drawn from tea factories of Mount Kenya region. The sample was obtained by simple random and stratified sampling techniques. Questionnaire was the main data collection instrument. Data analysis entailed simple binary and hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis using SPSS. Study results was presented in frequencies, percentages and skewness for descriptive and binomial regression output for inferential statistic. The study found out that tea factories practice social activities that they incur costs which were treated as overhead costs and benefits were derived by tea factories. There was a statistically significant influence of social reporting on sustainability accounting; which was insignificantly moderated by stakeholder knowledge. The study findings were of significant to organizations' strategies to respond to social externalities which in accounting terms affect the organizations profits in the long run. The study recommends tea factories adopt an integration of social reporting and financial reporting without much focus on stakeholder knowledge. ; peer-reviewed

Australia's rangeland communities, industries, and environment are under increasing pressures from anthropogenic activities and global changes more broadly. We conducted a horizon scan to identify and prioritise key challenges facing Australian rangelands and their communities, and outline possible avenues to address these challenges, with a particular focus on research priorities. We surveyed participants of the Australian Rangeland Society 20th Biennial Conference, held in Canberra in September 2019, before the conference and in interactive workshops during the conference, in order to identify key challenges, potential solutions, and research priorities. The feedback was broadly grouped into six themes associated with supporting local communities, managing natural capital, climate variability and change, traditional knowledge, governance, and research and development. Each theme had several sub-themes and potential solutions to ensure positive, long-term outcomes for the rangelands. The survey responses made it clear that supporting 'resilient and sustainable rangelands that provide cultural, societal, environmental and economic outcomes simultaneously' is of great value to stakeholders. The synthesis of survey responses combined with expert knowledge highlighted that sustaining local communities in the long term will require that the inherent social, cultural and natural capital of rangelands are managed sustainably, particularly in light of current and projected variability in climate. Establishment of guidelines and approaches to address these challenges will benefit from: (i) an increased recognition of the value and contributions of traditional knowledge and practices; (ii) development of better governance that is guided by and benefits local stakeholders; and (iii) more funding to conduct and implement strong research and development activities, with research focused on addressing critical knowledge gaps as identified by the local stakeholders. This requires strong governance with legislation and policies that work for the rangelands. We provide a framework that indicates the key knowledge gaps and how innovations may be implemented and scaled out, up and deep to achieve the resilience of Australia's rangelands. The same principles could be adapted to address challenges in rangelands on other continents, with similar beneficial outcomes.

Food as part of a society's culture constitutes a cultural aspect that is quite capable of representing the customs of society as well as the dynamics of social and economic changes that occur in society. With this general background, this paper aims to examine the basis of image selection of food signs in Kata Kolok sign language. The qualitative method of analysis is used with a focus on the linguistic phenomenon that exist in the deaf community of Bengkala village, northern part of Bali Island. The data used in this study were collected from Kata Kolok corpus data available at www.signbank.ru.nl. From the available sign data, this study focuses on food signs data, which is then classified into traditional food and non-traditional food. From the results, it can be claimed that the deaf community of Bengkala village chose how to make food as an image that was selected to be a sign for traditional food because people in the village have good traditional knowledge about processing those foods. Meanwhile, the image chosen as a representation of non-traditional food is the appearance of the food.

This theoretical and empirical study examines the influence of global institutions on the generation of scientific knowledge. Virginia Walsh's approach reverses the traditional focus of international relations literature--which most often deals with how scientific knowledge influences institutions--and offers an original way to look at international environmental governance. After proposing a theory of institutional mechanisms by which global institutions shape the generation of knowledge, the book turns to detailed case studies of two institutions in the under- studied but vital area of marine science, the Scripps Institute of Oceanography and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, to illustrate these mechanisms.In part 1, "Theory," the book identifies three specific mechanisms or "fixes" that provide the means by which institutions shape the generation and use of knowledge. With the positional fix, key individuals use their social roles or positions in an institution to influence the beliefs of members or fix the direction of research. The statutory fix occurs when beliefs gain acceptance as a consequence of being embedded in rules or treaties. The committee fix is illustrated in the regularized practices through which social groups accept statements as group beliefs. Part 2, "Evidence," shows these mechanisms at work in the two case studies. The Scripps Institution, for example, illustrates the positional fix, as successive directors used their position to frame research. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, on the other hand, exemplifies both the statutory fix and the committee fix in its regulatory actions.

Until now, social science research has focused mainly on Western medical doctors with few attention to physicians in other parts of the world. This research intends to contribute to the anthropological knowledge of the medical profession, by describing the specific case of Cambodia, which is a traditional society undergoing drastic social changes. This work includes three parts. The first one gives an historical perspective of the various Cambodian regimes, their ideologies and policies/implementations related to public health since the French protectorate (1863) until the United Nations Transitional Authority (1993). Under each regime, the Cambodian doctors have adapted themselves to specific social and political situations generated by the historical turmoils, including the Khmer Rouge regime. In the second part, the Cambodian medical profession is analyzed in the present days with special interest in their social position and general characteristics in the years following the Pol Pot regime. The whole medical and therapeutic field is also described, including modern as well as traditional and "neo-traditional" practitioners who offer various medical services to Cambodian people beside the modern physicians. It appears that "neo-traditional" healers have benefitted the most from the recent social changes (liberalization, state-sponsored "legitimate tradition" in the 1980s). The last part provides a view of the field work material gathered in various hospitals of Cambodia. Medical activity carried out in those hospitals are analyzed as negociations between the Cambodian staff and their Western counterparts from NGOs (nurses and doctors) who provide hospital with a medical support. The daily interactions between all individuals involved in medical work (including patients) show confrontations and potential conflicts between Western and Cambodian values (professional as well as cultural ones). The main features of the present Cambodian medical profession is finaly analyzed (e.g. medical authority and ethics, ...

Background: Angola suffered a long-lasting military conflict. Therefore, traditional knowledge of plant usage is still an important part of cultural heritage, especially concerning the still very poor health care system in the country. Our study documents for the first time traditional knowledge of plant use of local Bakongo communities in the northern province of Uíge on a large scale with a focus on medicinal plants and puts data in context to different parameters of age, gender and distance to the provincial capital. Methods: Field work was carried out during nine field trips in 13 municipalities between October 2013 and October 2016. In 62 groups, 162 informants were interviewed. Herbarium specimens were taken for later identification. Database was analysed using Relative Frequency of Citations, Cultural Importance Index, and Informant Consensus Factor. Furthermore, significances of influence of age, gender and distance were calculated. Results: Our study presents 2390 use-reports, listing 358 species in 96 plant families, while just three out of 358 mentioned species are endemic to Angola about one-fifth are neophytes. The larger the distance, the higher the number of use citations of medical plants. Although women represent just a fifth of all citations (22%), their contribution to medicinal plants was proportionally even higher (83%) than those of men (74%). Fifty percent of all plants mentioned in the study were just listed by men, 12% just by women. We made some new discoveries, for example. Gardenia ternifolia seems to be promising for treatment of measles, and Annona stenophylla subsp. cuneata has never been ethnobotanically nor phytochemically investigated. Conclusions: While the study area is large, no significant influence of the distance in regard to species composition in traditional healer's concepts of the respective village was pointed out. Although several plants were just mentioned by women or men, respectively, no significant restriction to gender-specific illnesses in medical plant use could be found. Merely concerning the age of informants, a slight shift could be detected.

The post-COVID economic crisis has led to a mass unemployment and migration of workers to their hometown. These returning underprivileged workers can use their traditional knowledge to support their families and create employment opportunities locally. Indian laws relating to Geographical Indications will be useful in protecting and promoting such traditional products. The same can be further complemented by India ratifying the Geneva Act to the Lisbon Agreement, enforced from February 2020, which has provision for a single-window registration of Geographical Indications in multiple countries.Further this article highlights the loopholes in Indian GI laws which need to be addressed to realize the object behind law.Finally, it is argued that during the on-going difficult times government shouldtake adequate measures to promote geographical indications as a policy instrument to help the rural economy.