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PurposeThis paper aims to present the findings of an empirical study that examines and compares the competitive impact of intellectual capital on enterprise performance in small innovative enterprises (SIEs) situated in four geographical regions: St Petersburg in the Russian Federation, the Black Forest region of Germany, the "Medicon Valley", situated between Copenhagen in Denmark and Malmo in Sweden, and Silicon Valley in the USA.Design/methodology/approachThe research seeks to investigate potential differences in intellectual capital practices across the four regions while comparing the impact of these relative to the firm's external factors (socio‐political, technological, and economic) for enterprise performance. To that end, the research reported builds on and extends earlier research focused on Russian SIEs.FindingsThe research findings suggest that intellectual capital practices and their impact on enterprise performance are more similar than different across the regions studied, and that the firms' intellectual capital constitutes the more important determinant of enterprise performance relative to external factors. This does not preclude differences in intellectual capital practices between the regions studied. These differences are marginal, however, and reflect socio‐economic and national cultural factors unique to those regions investigated.Research limitations/implicationsThe key questions of the research address the relative impact of intellectual capital practices (internal factors) and prevailing socio‐political, economic, and technological factors on the performance of small innovative enterprises. The work presents an extended sample size of Russian companies (also from St Petersburg) and an extension of the earlier study to include the three additional geographic regions. The notion of the knowledge‐based theory of the firm forms the conceptual basis of the framework that is developed to relate intellectual capital (human capital and structural capital) and key external factors (socio‐political, economic and technological) to enterprise performance in SIEs.Practical implicationsThe study compares the perceived importance of intellectual capital and external environmental factors for enterprise competitiveness of companies in the four regions – Russia, Germany, Denmark, and the USA. The research provides evidence that intellectual capital is perceived to be the most important factor driving competitive performance in all the regions.Originality/valueSimilar to the research reported in an earlier paper by the same authors, the paper represents work in progress. As such, the outcomes and conclusions reported should be viewed as preliminary findings.

The analysis of nutritional status is anthropologically important to address the complex interaction of biological, social, political, economic and cultural factors. To deepen the knowledge about contexts of occurrence of child malnutrition, we analyzed nutritional status in relation to socio-environmental conditions of residence in children between three and six years from Villaguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,435 school children of both sexes. Body weight and height were measured and prevalence of low height/age (LH/A), low weight/age (LW/A), low BMI/age (LBMI/A), overweight (Ow) and obesity (Ob) was calculated using World Health Organization reference charts. Socio-environmental information was obtained through a semi-structured survey and processed by Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CatPCA). Anthropometric data showed 1.5% LW/A, 5.2% LH/A; 0.6% LBMI/A, 20.9% Ow and 10.9% Ob. CatPCA allowed us to define four groups (G1-G4) with better (G2), middle (G1) and worst (G4) urban socio-environmental conditions and one with rural characteristics (G3). G4 presented the highest LH/A prevalence and G2 the highest Ow and Ob prevalence (P<0.05). It is concluded that since the distribution of malnutrition was not even it may dependent on the context in which children grow up. Thus, the higher the socio-economic level, the higher the incidence of overweight and obesity. Conversely, at the other end of the social scale, undernutrition and increasing weight excess remained major health problems. ; Fil: Bergel Sanchís, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; Argentina ; Fil: Cesani Rossi, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; Argentina ; Fil: Oyhenart, Evelia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; Argentina

The scientific topicality. If the industry has low entry barriers, rapidly changing demand for goods/services, and there is a significant creative component, then there are great difficulties in quantifying the capacity of the labor market and clearly understanding the demand for workers. We observe such a situation in the field of cultural industries.
Modern societies are experiencing drastic changes, peopleare immersed in the process of searching for identity, which can also contribute to the relevance of acquiring education in the field of socio-cultural activities.
The purpose.To outline of the sectors of professional activity of the manager of culture within the field of cultural industries.
The methodology. During the research, the analytical method, methods of description, comparison and generalization were applied.
The results. Clarification of the boundaries of the field of cultural industries, classification of activities, clarification of the names and professional tasks of specialties is an urgent need for further institutionalization of the field.
The scientific novelty. It is proposed to consider the specialty "Management of culture" as having a generalizing nature and covering all types of activities in the field of cultural industries. The division of the functional tasks of the profession in the form of specializations is defined. As a part of the specialty, the specializations "art management", "production", "cross-cultural management" are provided for some of the tasks for the production of cultural/artistic products. According to the functions in the field of culture, the division of tasks into sectors in the field of professional employment is proposed.
The practical significance. Elaboration of the structure of employment in the field of culture. Understanding the prospects and forecasting the further development of various sectors. The options were added for the development of cultural industries in a separate area of the territory of the community and/or industry (companies, organizations, institutions) and the ability to determine the degree of demand for specialists, prospects for their employment.
The conclusions. Thanks to the general picture of the industry and the detailing of the types of activities, it is possible to assess the shortage/surplus of economic entities in sectoral and territorial section, analyze the dynamics of business activity and, accordingly, further prospects for the demand for specialists and employment opportunities.
Determining the applied and comprehensive nature of culture management activities, the proposed criteria for dividing specialized activities into art management, production, and leisure management are a subjective assumption and a reason for professional discussion.

Background: Smoking prevalence remains high in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Indigenous peoples in countries colonised by Western nations prefer culturally-targeted anti-tobacco messages, yet only recently have messages been tailored for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. We conducted a national survey to determine how messages are being developed for Indigenous tobacco control. Method: Forty-seven telephone interviews were conducted with 44 of 53 eligible organisations. Twenty-two Aboriginal Medical Services (AMSs), 13 Government Organisations (GOs), four Universities and eight non-government organisations (NGOs) participated. Questions included targeting and theoretical approaches, community consultation, messages types and design, campaign types, cultural challenges, recommended actions, resources developed, pre-tests and evaluation. Findings: Responses were scored according to core components, and message features. Total scores (mean 10.9 ±SD 2.7) were not associated with organisation type. A community-orientated, bottom-up approach was popular (47%), 55% used a theoretical framework, 87% used a positive benefit appeal; 38% used threat messages, 72% conducted a pre-test and 53% evaluated programs. Cultural sensitivity for message development was divided into superficial (images, language, demographics) and deep structure (socio-cultural). AMSs were significantly more likely to report using more deep structures in message tailoring than NGOs (p<.05) and GOs (p<0.05). A non-linear principal component analysis revealed two dimensions accounting for 53% of the variation in findings. These dimensions were called "cultural understanding" and "rigour". Over 50% of the organisations had experienced cultural challenges in message development included issues raised due to the diversity of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander cultures for example with the use of Indigenous artwork, language, and stereotypes. Conflicts and delays caused some issues with program management; and the choice and use of role models was sometimes problematic. Conclusion: Features associated with successful anti-tobacco campaigns are reported by organisations Australia-wide for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This study has provided new insight into the current development of anti-tobacco messages in Australia by coupling the use of both cultural understanding and rigour to enable the growth of evidence based practice. Ideally tailoring should include theoretical, behavioural and cultural aspects with Indigenous advisors, to effect cessation. Superficial structures assist message 'fit'. Deep structures, significantly used by AMSs, are centrally processed and influence message salience. We recommend refinement of evaluation, pre-empting cultural challenges, and synergy by partnerships to achieve the goal of closing the gap on Indigenous health caused by tobacco smoking.

This introduction scans the effects of mobile-phone communication, particularly in South Asia. It focuses on three important areas: political economy, politics and social practices. By 2012 India had more than 900 million telephone subscribers, 96 per cent of them on cell phones, and the majority of users were the poor. At the other end of the social scale, the mobile phone provoked bitter struggles among some of India's biggest business houses and branches of government, and was responsible for criminal cases against politicians at the highest level. The essays in this volume are a reminder that technology is anything but neutral. The essays examine the many facets of mobile phone communication and the institutions, agents, mechanisms and networks such communication relies on. The essays contribute to efforts to interpret the effects of this technology and to gain insight into the most important aspect of the mobile phone: the sheer variety of activity (political, social and cultural) on which it impinges. (Pac Aff/GIGA)

Criticizing the notion of "cultural diplomacy" spread by the Foreign Affairs Departments of European countries and of the United States, this thesis focuses on the unknown history of the French "academic diplomacy". This international and transnational action was built by the universities of the French Third Republic in order to attract foreign students and academics, and to export the French knowledges abroad. It was born between the late l 870s and the mid l 900s, at the intersection of social and economical dynamics, that the dissertation analyses at different scales (local, national, global) with the tools of history and sociology. In the l 900s and 1910s, under the influence of some members of Parliament and some academic networks like the Office national des universités et écoles françaises, ONUEF), this sector was gradually invested by State and placed under the control of the French Ministry of Education and its new international academic policy. The Great War reinforced the weight of the interstate et political logics. In the 1920s and 1930s, actors of academic diplomacy were increasingly in competition with the new actors of cultural diplomacy, related to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Without success, they tried to preserve their autonomy, but the international academic policy of France was gradually integrated into the cultural diplomacy area. The loss of academic autonomy is the central question of the thesis. ; Contre une historiographie de la diplomatie culturelle, qui tend à épouser les cadres conceptuels du Quai d'Orsay en utilisant le motif englobant du «culturel» pour désigner des actions de politique étrangère distinctes du militaire, du politique et de l'économique, le propos de la thèse est de montrer qu'il a existé en France, entre la fin du XIXe et le premier XXe siècle, une forme d'action, cohérente et autonome, à caractère international et transnational : la «diplomatie universitaire». Né autour des années 1870-1900, à la confluence de dynamiques socio-économiques ...

Between 2014 and 2017, the artistic research project "TransCoding - From 'Highbrow Art' to Participatory Culture" encouraged creative participation in multimedia art via social media. Based on the artworks that emerged from the project, Barbara Lüneburg investigates authorship, authority, motivational factors, and aesthetics in participatory art created with the help of web 2.0 technology. The interdisciplinary approach includes perspectives from sociology, cultural and media studies, and offers an exclusive view and analysis from the inside through the method of artistic research. In addition, the study documents selected community projects and the creation processes of the artworks Slices of Life and Read me.

"Anhand einiger ausgewählter Phänomene (Krankheitsvorstellungen, Seelenvorstellungen, Ethnotherapie, Ethnoästhetik der Federkunst, Traum) werden verschiedene indigene Psychologien in dem multiethnischen Brasilien vorgestellt. Dabei wird ihre große Bedeutung für das Gesundheits-, Sozial- und Kultur-System hervorgehoben. Der Autor plädiert für eine zukünftige 'Weltpsychologie', in der die indigenen Psychologien, die 'westliche' Psychologie und die Psychologie in der sog. Dritten Welt in einen fruchtbaren Dialog eintreten können." (Autorenreferat)