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AbstractContemporary science is marked by expanding and diverse forms of teamwork. Collaboration across organizational and cultural boundaries extends the possibilities of discovery. International collaborative research projects often provide findings beyond what one team could achieve alone. Motivated to maintain existing relationships and grow their scientific network, researchers increasingly collaborate, despite often unrecognized or underappreciated costs, since such projects are challenging to manage and carry out. Rarely studied in-depth and longitudinally, the perspectives of scientific team members are crucial to better understand the dynamics of durable collaboration networks. Thus, this retrospective case study of a sociology of science project applies the novel method of autoethnography to examine teamwork benefits, motivations, and challenges. Key challenges found include spatial distance and differences of culture, language, and career stage. This study, spanning North America, Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia, focused on collaborators' characteristics and evolving perceptions of team dynamics over a decade.

Being able to transcend disciplinarity in the development of effective strategies for the communication of insights in business is pivotal to progressive development and dynamic processes of change management. The unique cultural and situational specificity of military life has a long recognised and multifactorial impact on lives lived in active service, and veteran retirement is the focus of this chapter. This is highlighted via a consideration of how understanding the nature of 'self' is epistemologically determined by human capacity to make meaning of experience, to reflect on the pre-existing of historical memories, and perhaps, most significantly of all, to formulate a reflexive and proactive response to the future. The situated nature of military service provides the chapter with a means of examining the fundamental nature of knowledge and ways of knowing, interpretation, and processes of meaning making transcend several fields of individual knowledge, such as philosophy, social science, medical science, psychology, and faith.

The paper underscores the value and continuing relevance of indigenous and local knowledge for environmental protection and climate change adaptation in Africa. It argues that while Africa stands to gain from global science and international best practices, the continent should search within its own knowledge systems for appropriate ideas and approaches to many of its development challenges, and that indigenous knowledge may provide a model for rethinking and decolonizing climate science. Researchers and the development community should, therefore, try to tap into the vital resource of indigenous knowledge for locally appropriate and culture-sensitive ways to engage with the environment, and adapt to the negative impacts of climate change. The paper concludes with some general reflections on the indigenous knowledge movement as an appropriate local response to globalization and Western knowledge dominance, and as a way to underscore the fact of epistemic diversity and the need for inter-cultural dialogue.

The New Silk Road initiative offers unique opportunities for setting up Sino–European collaborations in higher education and research. Academic cooperation between countries that are rooted in different legal, cultural, and academic backgrounds might, however, also create challenges. Although the European Union is strongly promoting Open Science and—within that framework—open and fair data, it is clear that Open Science is only possible in an open society, in which fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals are protected. In this light, the chapter investigates the implications of the European personal data protection rules (GDPR) for Sino–European collaborations. To what extent are free flows of personal data possible on the New Silk Road? It concludes that the current differences between both regimes create considerable obstacles on the Road. The chapter explores the necessary restrictions, technological solutions, and legal arrangements that might be helpful in facilitating collaborations that comply with the European rules.

Abstract In this article I have the following goals: to enter the debate on what defines social psychology as a social science, arguing that it is the prominence conceded to a focus on agreed ‐ not natural ‐ limits to human action; to add to this debate a further
distinction ‐ that between social facts and cultural/institutional facts ‐ together with a theorization of the later highlighting the relevance of attending to the (de)legitimization of institutions; to extract consequences of this position for social psychology; finally, to
offer two cases illustrating and hopefully clarifying the set of theoretical arguments and concepts I used before: Sophocles' Antigone, and the EU debate on Natura 2000, both evidencing a tension between the legal and the legitimate. I conclude by suggesting that such a social psychology
can work together with the social sciences to ask questions productive for extending our knowledge of the ecological and the political.

Summary
The article explores the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) of 1975, the first joint US–USSR space flight, which was embedded in the wider political, ideological and cultural contexts of the Cold War. The ASTP can be viewed through the lens of science diplomacy (SD). The data, drawn from available sources and memoirs, highlights the phenomenological approach in people-to-people interaction to analyse paths, processes and timeline dependence in such cooperation. The Weberian model of generalization and the path dependency theory of constructing an ideal type were used as the study's theoretical frameworks. An ideal type of SD is viewed not as universal, but as a heuristic device that can be contrasted and compared with other recognized cases of SD. The significance of utilizing an ideal type of SD is to maintain mechanisms and networks effectively between countries through science and technology-related joint projects when political relations are strained or limited.

This introduction outlines Ivan Jablonka's theory and practice of
writing the social sciences as foregrounded in three of his most noted, recent
books, A History of the Grandparents I Never Had, History is a Contemorary Literature,
and Laëtitia. As he outlines in his own contribution here, Jablonka
advances rigorous, methodical research that nevertheless details the subjective
investment of the researcher while at the same time utilizing creative
"literary" techniques to engage a wide spectrum of readers well beyond the
habitual circles of academic specialists. The essays contributed by Julie Fette,
Sarah Fishman, Melanie Hawthorne, Don Reid, and Nathan Bracher explore
various facets of Jablonka's approach, including, respectively: writing history
with family stories, resisting the erosion of factual reasoning in the Trump
years, pursuing biographies of supposedly non-descript lives, appreciating
the importance of Communist cultural networks in postwar France, and
revisiting the role of the subject in the social sciences.

This chapter will discuss the formation and state of digital journalism studies as a field of research. Our point of departure is that journalism studies is an interdisciplinary field that draws inspiration and conceptual tools from many research traditions, most notably from those of political science, sociology, history, language studies as well as cultural analysis (Zelizer 2004); but increasingly also from fields like science and technology studies (STS) and economics. All these disciplinary traditions thus play a role in how journalism is being analyzed. With the increased need to understand the significance of "online, multimedia or cross-media, convergent, and otherwise distinctly digital journalism" (Deuze 2008: 199), the discrete field of digital journalism studies emerged at the start of the new millennium. The aim of this chapter is to offer an overview of the emergence of this field of research and discuss its interdisciplinarity as well as assess its current standing and possible blind spots. ; acceptedVersion

This article demonstrates how the evolution of US social sciences during the Cold War influenced French attempts to develop Algeria economically and socially. During a violent war of decolonization, French researchers drew from social psychology to inform development policies. Studying political trends through the lens of cultural and psychological factors transformed older understandings of social classification. Rather than being conceived in primarily biological terms, racial difference was increasingly defined in relationship to economic capacities. The Constantine Plan, introduced in 1958, exemplified the intimate link between social planning and the postwar social sciences. The article then studies attempts to develop the Sahara, where planners sought to determine which races would be able to work in the harsh conditions of the desert. Arguing that social planning in Algeria was not merely a 'colonial' phenomena, this article shows how development reflected the broader shifts in thinking about the economy and social organization that marked the 1950s and 1960s.

The concept of a socially extended mind suggests that our cognitive processes are extended not simply by the various tools and technologies we use, but by other minds in our intersubjective interactions and, more systematically, by institutions that, like tools and technologies, enable and sometimes constitute our cognitive processes. In this article we explore the potential of this concept to facilitate the development of a critical neuroscience. We explicate the concept of cognitive institution and suggest that science itself is a good example. Science, through various practices and rules, shapes our cognitive activity so as to constitute a certain type of knowledge, packaged with relevant skills and techniques. To develop this example, we focus on neuroscience, its cultural impact, and the various institutional entanglements that complicate its influence on reframing conceptions of self and subjectivity, and on defining what questions count as important and what kind of answers will be valued.

The exploration of public attitudes toward animal research is important given recent developments in animal research (e.g., increasing creation and use of genetically modified animals, and plans for progress in areas such as personalized medicine), and the shifting relationship between science and society (i.e., a move toward the democratization of science). As such, public engagement on issues related to animal research, including exploration of public attitudes, provides a means of achieving socially acceptable scientific practice and oversight through an understanding of societal values and concerns. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore public attitudes toward animal use, and more specifically the use of animals in research. This paper reviews relevant literature using three categories of influential factors: personal and cultural characteristics, animal characteristics, and research characteristics. A critique is given of survey style methods used to collect data on public attitudes, and recommendations are given on how best to address current gaps in public attitudes literature.

The exploration of public attitudes toward animal research is important given recent developments in animal research (e.g., increasing creation and use of genetically modified animals, and plans for progress in areas such as personalized medicine), and the shifting relationship between science and society (i.e., a move toward the democratization of science). As such, public engagement on issues related to animal research, including exploration of public attitudes, provides a means of achieving socially acceptable scientific practice and oversight through an understanding of societal values and concerns. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore public attitudes toward animal use, and more specifically the use of animals in research. This paper reviews relevant literature using three categories of influential factors: personal and cultural characteristics, animal characteristics, and research characteristics. A critique is given of survey style methods used to collect data on public attitudes, and recommendations are given on how best to address current gaps in public attitudes literature.

В статье отражена практическая, научная и научно-организационная деятельность известного российского ученого, члена-корреспондента РАН А.И. Османова. Его интеллектуальная деятельность посвящена исследованию сложных экономических, социально-политических, культурных процессов, происходивших в советском Дагестане. Отмечена высокая оценка, данная его научным исследованиям Российской академией наук. Сочетание высокой нравственной культуры с научным творчеством снискали ему заслуженный авторитет среди ученых Северного Кавказа и в России в целом. ; The article reflects the practical, scientific and scientific-organizational activity of the famous Russian scientist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.I. Osmanova. His intellectual activity is devoted to the investigation of complex economic, social, political and cultural processes that took place in the Soviet Dagestan. The high rating given his research of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The combination of high moral culture with scientific work droops his authority among scholars of the North Caucasus and in Russia as a whole.

With Adam Smith, political economy emerged as part of moral philosophy. From the early 1800s, however, writers have considered whether economics as a science can be demarcated from morals and politics. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were strong movements toward demarcation and separation of economics from moral, cultural, and political judgment. Someone who moves in the world of academic economics now is likely to detect something of an official orthodoxy that economic science should be "positive" and not "normative." In this view, economists should be factual, analytical, and "objective," and they should keep their value judgments out of the research. In March 2010, the authors conducted a major survey of economics professors in the US. They asked the respondents whether, when reading or listening to an economist, they welcomed his disclosure of his ideological proclivities. They anticipated that most economists would say they do not like it. Adapted from the source document.

This study investigated gender differences in achievement in Lebanon. Data were obtained from the achievement results on the Monitoring Learning Achievement Project administered in Lebanon on 4th elementary and 4th intermediate students. Representative samples of students were tested
in five subjects: Arabic, Foreign Language (English or French), Mathematics, Science and Life Skills. Gender difference in achievement in different subjects, content areas and learning outcomes within subject were investigated using chi-square analysis. The results proved to be consistent
at both the elementary and intermediate levels. There were significant differences in the languages in favor of the girls. Performance in mathematics and sciences did not prove to be statistically different for boys and girls. However, there were some differences in performance in some content
areas and learning outcomes. Girls had an advantage in overall achievement, while performance in life skills was significantly different at the intermediate level only. Cross-cultural comparisons were done, and attempts were made to explain the Lebanese case.