Suchergebnisse

Nach bald acht Jahren als Chefanklägerin des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs steht Fatou Bensouda vor ihrer größten Bewährungsprobe: bei den Ermittlungen zum Krieg in Afghanistan rücken erstmals auch die USA ins Haager Visier. (IP)

This collection of essays by Professor Michael N. Schmitt of Durham University draws together those of his articles published over the past two decades that have explored particular fault lines in the law of armed conflict. As such, they examine the complex interplay between warfare and law, seeking to identify where the law and warfare appear to diverge, and where such apparent divergence can be accommodated through contextual interpretation of the law. Each essay examines a particular issue in either the jus ad bellum (the law governing resort to force) or jus in bello (international humanit.

Given that the field of international relations is an attempt to understand other social, political, & cultural contexts, it is surprising that there is such resistance to outside input & integration. The International Studies Assoc (ISA) has stressed the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, as witnessed in recent ISA presidential address topics, program themes, & the proliferation of ISA sections. Unfortunately, the latter has produced fragmentation rather than true diversity & multidisciplinarity. Ripe opportunities to integrate concepts & methods with other fields are suggested, eg, cross-pollination between constructionists & rational choice theorists & the use of qualitative, experimental, & historical analysis. 2 Tables, 4 References. M. Pflum

Aus Sicht der DDR

International governance is increasingly defined by multilevel governance; with short-term projects, transnational cooperation between different groups, and unclear institutional space. In this situation, a key issue is the resilience of governance arrangements or the ability of governance arrangements to respond to political and ecological shocks to the system. Using international biodiversity governance, this study explores the question: What social and political processes produce resilient governance? This study argues that the key to understanding resilient governance is the network structure within and outside of the governance arrangement. Modular network structures are able to generate ideas from multiple sources, able to solve political problems on small scales, and able to insulate institutions from political contagion. Centralized network structures, in contrast, often result in top-down learning, politicization of the entire governance arrangement, and inability to adapt in response to problems. Those governance arrangements with limited network structures are unlikely to learn at all. The network structure theory argues that network dynamics are shaped by the structure and result in different learning and different adaptive outcomes. This argument is made in the context of international biodiversity governance which presents has a number of cases of resilience in difficult to explain cases. Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 look at the network impacts in 10 different international biodiversity governance arrangements. Chapter 4, Chapter 5, and Chapter 6 explore these dynamics in the context of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC) and the Caribbean Challenge. These empirical cases present a complex and robust analysis showing that network structures, more than the governance institutions or national context, shape the resulting impact of governance arrangements. The implication of this finding is that effective institutions also need resilient modular networks in order to have lasting environmental impacts. Strong institutions can be constrained by centralized networks which limit learning opportunities following shocks. This study thus complements studies of effectiveness in international relations by providing a crucial dynamic piece of the overall situation. Response to shocks is shown to be shaped by network structure and importantly by early learning and network connections. Without these, effectiveness can be disrupted by political or environmental shocks.

Die wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit der Dritten Welt konzentriert sich auf die (vertikale) Nord-Süd-Achse und die (horizontale) Ost-West-Achse. Die vertikalen und horizontalen Erklärungsmuster - einschließlich der dependenz- oder interdependenztheoretischen Ansätze - reichen jedoch nicht aus, um die komplexen Strukturen analytisch zu erfassen. Mit der Einführung des Begriffs der Kardinalbeziehungen ("relations cardinales") soll dieses Defizit gefüllt werden. Dabei geht es im wesentlichen um eine Erklärung der Wechselbeziehungen zwischen nationalem und internationalem System und um die Problematik der Übertragbarkeit des im westlichen Kontext entwickelten Normen- und Wertegefüges auf periphere Systeme. (AuD-Fsk)

This volume is a collection of some of the key essays by Ramesh Thakur on the origins, implementation and future prospects of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) norm. The book offers a comprehensive yet accessible review of the origins, evolution, advances and shortcomings of the R2P principle. A literature review is followed by an overview of the background, meaning and development of R2P. With a focus on the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), Part I analyses the features of, and explains the factors that make for success and failure of commission diplomacy. Part II discusses the controversies surrounding efforts to implement R2P, including the role and importance of emerging powers. Part III describes the remaining protection gaps and explains why R2P will remain relevant because it is essentially demand driven. Finally, the book concludes with a look back at the origins of R2P and looks ahead to possible future directions. This book will be essential for students of the Responsibility to Protect, and of much interest to students of global governance, human rights, international law and international relations.