COVID-19 has impacted the world socio-economically. Unemployment, poverty, social stigma, social isolation, domestic violence and mental illnesses are the notable social issues related to COVID-19 pandemic. Framed under a review based approach, the current study searches for the link between COVID-19 pandemic and an increased vulnerability to suicide across the globe. Linking the current situation with researched determinants of suicide shows that COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating various socio-economic and psychological causes of suicide. In near future or even during the pandemic, suicide will be a key challenge for the public health sector across the globe. Besides, future research suggestions are given in light of the discussion in order to provide an impetus to researching the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide.
Employees' concern for striking a better balance between their work and non-working life has become a feature of the modern workplace in recent times because of significant shifts in both demographic and socio-cultural norms, and this has driven significant changes in the structure and requirements of the labour market. As a result organisations are developing work-life balance (WLB) strategies to enhance the autonomy of employees in the process of co-ordinating and integrating the work and non-work aspects of their lives. More specifically, organisations are increasingly using a co-ordinated communications strategy, referred to as a WLB employer branding strategy in this thesis, to promote the organisations' WLB credentials to prospective and existing employees. The aim of this research study was to examine the impact WLB policies and employer branding activities have on employee perceptions of expectations for WLB organisational support. Furthermore the study sought to identify and understand the factors that lead to employees perceiving that the organisation has fulfilled those expectations for support around their WLB needs and how employees respond in terms of trust, job satisfaction, affective commitment, intention to leave the organisation, in-role and contextual job performance. The study used the concept of a WLB psychological contract to examine these relationships. The WLB psychological contract in this study is defined as those expectations and beliefs an employee has of an organisation to provide a supportive work environment that enhances the employee's sense of balance between their work and non-working life. A cross-sectional research design was used to study the perceptions of employees in the Stage 1 survey and supervisor perceptions of their reports performance in the Stage 2 survey. The sample size for the Stage 1 survey was 627 and 167 supervisors responded to the Stage 2 survey. The sample was drawn from seven Australian organisations from the health, local government and fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sectors. The study demonstrates that employee perceptions of effective communication of WLB policies and programs and awareness of WLB policies form WLB psychological contracts. Furthermore, WLB supervisor support performed a role in forming WLB psychological contracts due to its moderating influence on WLB policy awareness. Consistent with previous literature demonstrating the positive role of WLB supervisor support and organisational culture, both variables performed an important antecedent role in fulfilling employees' WLB psychological contracts. As expected, a positive relationship between WLB psychological contract fulfilment and enhanced levels of employee trust, job satisfaction, affective commitment and contextual performance directed at both the organisation and colleagues were uncovered. The study also demonstrated that WLB psychological contract fulfilment reduces the employee's intention to leave the organisation. In addition to the main effects relationship trust had with WLB psychological contract fulfilment, trust also mediated the relationship between WLB psychological contract fulfilment and job satisfaction, affective commitment, intention to leave the organisation and contextual performance directed at colleagues (i.e., interpersonal facilitation) in the study. Finally, and counter to expectations, based on sensemaking theory, organisational justice dimensions failed to moderate the relationship between WLB psychological contract fulfilment and trust. The use of signalling theory to examine WLB psychological contract formation presents the most significant contribution of the study. The study also makes a valuable contribution to both the WLB and psychological contract literature by extending the work of other researchers that have focused on the more narrowly defined concept of a work-family psychological contract and employee responses to work-family psychological contract breach. By contrast, this study tests relationships that explain both the formation of the more expansive work-life balance psychological contract and responses to WLB psychological contract fulfilment from the employees' perspective. The study also makes several contributions to practice because the HR function and its managers tend to play an important role in shaping and implementing an organisation's WLB strategy. The study's findings demonstrate the importance for HR practitioners to take a considered approach to the development of WLB policies and communication of WLB programs because of the role they play in creating employee expectations around WLB support. Furthermore, HR practitioners have a key role to play in enhancing supervisor support and facilitating the organisational culture required to fulfill employees' WLB psychological contracts. Finally, influencing employee-related outcomes included in this study (e.g., trust, job satisfaction, affective commitment, intention to leave, performance) are an important part of the HR practitioner's role and the results provide important insights into how these outcomes can be enhanced.
Family medicine has matured as an academic and scientific discipline with its own core concepts, knowledge, skills, and research domains. It has acquired much expertise in studying common illnesses; the integration of medical, psychological, social, and behavioral sciences; patient-centered care; and health services delivery. Many health care challenges in the 21st century will place a great demand on primary care, which can serve its purpose only if it is of high quality and evidence based. Family medicine research can contribute to many areas of primary care, ranging from the early diagnosis to equitable health care. Stakeholders, such as the World Health Organization, governments, and funding agencies, are becoming more supportive to family medicine research because they recognize its key importance in improving the quality of primary care and bridging the gap between biomedical research and clinical practice. Family medicine can play a leading role in shifting the paradigm of medical research from the laboratory to the person. The 21st century should be a golden age of family medicine research because the time is right for the discipline, the health care environment is most suitable, and stakeholders are supportive. Family medicine must prepare for it by building up its research track record and capacity. ; published_or_final_version
Front Matter -- Contents -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- 1 Clearing the Conceptual Air -- 2 Origins and Contexts of Terrorism -- 3 Responses to Terrorism in the United States -- 4 Recommendations for Research -- References -- A Dimensions of Terrorism: Actors, Actions, Consequences -- B Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism.
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This research examined the impact of teacher support on students' psychological capital during the process of online learning, and investigated the mediating effect of the teacher–student relationship and the moderating role of family support. For this purpose, 577 junior high school students in China completed a survey. The findings revealed a positive relationship between teacher support and students' psychological capital. Moreover, teacher–student relationships mediated the influence of teacher support on students' psychological capital. Furthermore, family support moderated the link between teacher support and teacher–student relationships. These results have practical implications for guiding teachers' efforts in the online learning environment, facilitating teacher support, and providing more effective assistance to students who have little family support.
Researchers have made significant progress in the investigation of how physiological measures can inform the study of adolescent peer functioning, including peer processes involving antisocial behavior, victimization, and peer social status. This paper highlights how the inclusion of physiological processes in research studies can address several critical questions regarding adolescent peer relations, with a particular emphasis on (1) developmental processes; (2) subtypes of adolescent peer relations; (3) gender differences; (4) biosocial interactions; and (5) the role of within‐person variability. In addition, several important directions for future research, including longitudinal studies assessing bidirectional effects and the incorporation of additional indices of peer functioning and additional psychophysiological systems, are discussed.
A description of two cases from my time as a school psychologist in the middle of the 1950s forms the background to the following question: Has anything important happened since then in psychological research to help us to a better understanding of how and why individuals think, feel, act, and react as they do in real life and how they develop over time? The studies serve as a background for some general propositions about the nature of the phenomena that concerns us in developmental research, for a summary description of the developments in psychological research over the last 40 years as I see them, and for some suggestions about future directions.
I explored the impact of organizational justice on work engagement, which is a positive organizational behavior construct, and the underlying psychological mechanism. I hypothesized on the basis of a literature review that organizational justice would have a positive effect on work engagement and that psychological safety would act as a mediator. Participants comprised 254 teachers working in compulsory schools in eastern China. The survey was conducted using organizational justice, psychological safety, and work engagement scales. Data analysis showed that the 3 dimensions of organizational justice, namely, distributive, procedural, and interactional, had a positive effect on teachers' work engagement. In addition, psychological safety played a partial mediating role in the association between organizational justice and work engagement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
Bibliography: pages 209-218. ; The intention of this dissertation is to clarify the psychological processes and effects which operate in the political detention situation, and to outline effective treatment and coping strategies. An overview of research literature and theory is provided, and the importance of viewing detention within a broad socio-political context is emphasised. In the analysis of the detention situation a number of variables likely to be operative are considered. Solitary confinement, torture, interrogation, reactions to severe stress situations, and uncertainty, unpredictability and uncontrollability are given separate discussion, prior to an at tempt to con sider the interaction of these variables in the detention situation. This projected picture is compared with case material gathered in the area. It is noted that political detention is not a uniform experience with a uniform set of effects. Rather, the effects are seen to be dependent on the particular differences in response. Nevertheless, political detention is shown to be commonly both objectively and subjectively severely stressful, with a strong likelihood of the detainee developing debilitating psychological sequelae. Post-traumatic stress disorder appears to be commonly implicated, and symptoms may persist for many years. Family and community members and organisations to which the detainee belongs suffer not only the effects of the loss of that person, but also the problems of effectively helping him or her to reintegrate. It is shown that detainees have commonly drawn on a number of resources or strategies to counteract the potentially debilitating effects of detention. The importance of prior preparation for the detention experience to facilitate an accurate appraisal of the situation and better coping is emphasized. Useful strategies that may be learned or fostered are outlined. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment that acknowledges all of the difficulties and needs particular to any specific ex-detainee, and that draws on as broad a range of available supports as possible, is stressed. Physiotherapy, psychotherapy, medication where necessary and family involvement are recommended. It is shown that much may be learned from Canadian and European units that rehabilitate victims of torture - mainly from South American countries: but that strategies need to be adapted to South African conditions.
Funder: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONCYT); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007350 ; Funder: Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) postdoctoral fellowship ; Funder: The HSE University Basic Research Program ; Funder: JSPS KAKENHI Grant JP20K14222 ; Abstract: This N = 173,426 social science dataset was collected through the collaborative COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey – an open science effort to improve understanding of the human experiences of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic between 30th March and 30th May, 2020. The dataset allows a cross-cultural study of psychological and behavioural responses to the Coronavirus pandemic and associated government measures like cancellation of public functions and stay at home orders implemented in many countries. The dataset contains demographic background variables as well as measures of Asian Disease Problem, perceived stress (PSS-10), availability of social provisions (SPS-10), trust in various authorities, trust in governmental measures to contain the virus (OECD trust), personality traits (BFF-15), information behaviours, agreement with the level of government intervention, and compliance with preventive measures, along with a rich pool of exploratory variables and written experiences. A global consortium from 39 countries and regions worked together to build and translate a survey with variables of shared interests, and recruited participants in 47 languages and dialects. Raw plus cleaned data and dynamic visualizations are available.
Eine zentrale psychoanalytisch-sozialpsychologische Diagnose moderner Befindlichkeit ist das "Unbehagen in der Kultur". In der spätmodernen Gesellschaft hat sich dieser seelische Zustand nicht etwa gemildert, sondern verschärft. Dafür sorgt weiter anwachsende Destruktivität, auch und gerade gegenüber der äußeren Natur. Das gegenwärtige Bewusstsein verfügt aber über Mechanismen, durch die es diese Zusammenhänge ausblenden kann. Doch finden die gesellschaftlichen Belastungen gleichwohl seelische Ausdrucksformen. Die Erschöpfungssymptome des flexiblen Selbst zeugen davon. Das Subjekt bedarf einer Anstrengung der "Affektbildung", um zu neuen Bewusstseinsformen zu gelangen, die eine Praxis der Lebenspolitik und des postnationalen Verfassungspatriotismus ermöglichen.
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between psychological distress among social workers and their intention to leave the profession through the economic and social exchange perspective. The research sample was comprised of 380 Israeli social workers who manually filled in structured questionnaires regarding psychological distress, economic and social exchange between employees and employers in their workplace, self-defined burnout and demographic information. The data analysis showed that higher levels of psychological distress were associated with higher economic exchange and with lower social exchange, which resulted in increased intention to leave. These findings are important for understanding the process that social workers experience regarding the emergence of psychological distress and for clarifying that this process consists of two concurrent components: increasing preoccupation with economic aspects and increasing emotional distancing from the profession. On the basis of the transactional model of stress and coping and the social and economic exchange perspectives, it would be desirable to develop an organisational culture that promotes social exchange (trust, manager support, teamwork), which would allow social workers to cope with active emotional regulation and to strengthen their sense of belonging to the profession and thus reduce their intention to leave.
