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This article questions the prevailing view that there is a strong international norm against mercenary activity. We argue, instead, that international restrictions placed upon mercenaries are the tangential expressions of more basic and pervasive international norms, namely those of state neutrality, the right of peoples to self-determination, and freedom of movement. To buttress our claim, we draw upon documentary evidence specific to critical moments in the norms' expansion, including the Napoleonic Wars to 1840, the Crimean War, and conflicts of national liberation in the decolonization era. The evidence suggests a broad indifference to mercenaries among policymakers during such pivotal periods. We conclude that the antimercenary norm grounded in moral objections is not as strong as its supporters suggest and often becomes compromised when national interests dictate.

Increased international attention to water resource management & integration has resulted in the creation of new institutional arrangements & environmental funding mechanisms. The Global Environmental Facility's (GEF) International Waters Program is at the heart of such novel collaborative approaches to managing transboundary resources. This paper assesses GEF-led efforts in 23 projects across 10 geographic regions. It finds that the GEF has been successful in building scientific knowledge & creating linkages across social, economic, & environmental issues. However, challenges of enhancing the contractual environment & building national capacity remain. While GEF efforts thus far do indicate that institutions can affect the growth of knowledge & cooperation around transboundary waters, long-lasting achievements of the GEF's International Waters Program have yet to be realized. 5 Tables, 94 References. Adapted from the source document.

1 Introduction -- 2 International Atrocity Crimes Targeting Children and Lacunae in Charging Under International Criminal Law -- 3 Age-Based Persecution Targeting Children -- 4 The Persecution of Children in Connection with Genocide -- 5 The Persecution of Children 'In Connection With' Crimes Against Humanity -- 6 The Persecution of Children 'In Connection With' War Crimes: Selected Exemplars -- 7 Concluding Remarks: The Persecution of Children as a Rome Statute Prosecutable Crime Against Humanity. .