Suchergebnisse

International audience ; This review expands on a talk I gave during the "Biology of Anthrax" meeting held in Bari, Italy (September 3 rd-6 th , 2019). The talk was a synthesis of recent investigations taking advantage of the topology of the Bacillus anthracis phylogenetic tree to propose tentative dating points and scenarios. Currently available whole-genome sequence (WGS) data allowed identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among B. anthracis strains and drawing phylogenetic trees. The geographic origin of the strains and the topology of the tree were used to infer spreading events. Five star-like patterns in the tree (polytomies), each containing at least six branches, were detected. The analysis of the geographic distribution of the strains constituting one such polytomy suggests that it emerged not more than a few centuries ago. The key observation allowing this dating is the finding that the polytomy is anchored into Western Europe and that the main North-American lineage emerged from one of its branches, indicative of a post-Columbian export. From this point, I propose additional working hypotheses which may allow dating key nodes along the phylogeny of B. anthracis corresponding to four "Out-of-Africa" events. While trade of contaminated animal products seems to be the predominant driving force underlying modern long-distance spreading of B. anthracis , invasive military operations and more generally borders instabilities may have played an important role in earlier times. The testing of these hypotheses will require the sequencing of a significant number of additional strains from many countries. ; Cette revue découle d'une présentation faite lors du congrès "Biologie de la maladie du charbon" qui s'est tenu à Bari, Italie, du 3 au 6 septembre 2019. La présentation était une synthèse de travaux récents tirant parti de la topologie de l'arbre phylogénétique de Bacillus anthracis pour proposer une datation et un scenario d'évolution. Les analyses faites s'appuient sur les données de séquençage actuellement disponibles pour des centaines de souches d'origines géographiques diverses. L'étude bioinformatique de ces données permet d'identifier des mutations ponctuelles ou polymorphismes nucléotidiques. L'évolution clonale de B. anthracis autorise ensuite la construction d'un arbre phylogénétique sans ambiguïtés. Cet arbre comporte quelques structures en étoiles remarquables, nommées "polytomies". L'une de ces polytomies compte sept branches issues d'un ancêtre commun et est constituée principalement de souches isolées en France, Italie et Espagne. L'une de ces branches contient elle-même une division secondaire, conduisant à des souches trouvées soit dans l'Est de la France (Lorraine), soit en Espagne, soit en Afrique de l'Ouest, soit en Amérique du Nord. Le profil évolutif précis du lignage Nord-Américain permet de montrer en outre que l'introduction s'est faite par le Canada, puis que la contamination a progressé vers le sud à travers les Etats-Unis, jusqu'à atteindre Haïti. Le scénario proposé est une introduction au Canada au 17ième siècle. Cette datation très récente d'une polytomie qui représente une part significative de l'arbre phylogénétique ouvre la possibilité que B. anthracis , à l'instar d'autres pathogènes majeurs tels que Mycobacterium tuberculosis l'agent responsable de la tuberculose, soit un produit de l'émergence de l'agriculture il y a quelques milliers d'années. La revue se termine en proposant suivant cette logique que B. anthracis soit issu d'Afrique Centrale. Les lignages de Bacillus cereus porteurs de plasmides de virulence très proches de ceux de B. anthracis identifiés en Afrique Centrale pourraient en effet traduire la présence d'un "incubateur" de telles agents infectieux. L'arbre phylogénétique de B. anthracis porterait la trace de quatre évènements de sortie d'Afrique au cours des derniers millénaires.

The Agbiotech Bulletin Volume 4, Issue 9, September 1996. Code Number: NL96018 Sizes of Files: Text: 49.2K Graphics: no associated graphics files Saskatoon's Public Biotech Infrastructure Continues to Expand Saskatchewan is widely-recognized as a leading centre of Canada's agbiotech industry. The thirty firms which are located in the province 30 per cent of Canada's total had 400 employees, sales of $42.5 million, and R&D expenditures of $29.5 million in 1995. Sales are expected to surpass $300 million by the year 2000. Federal Government Agencies: National Research Council/Plant Biotechnology Institute The Plant Biotechnology Institute (PBI) produces new, exploitable biotechnologies for agriculture with the objective of diversifying crops and crop products. . Major research areas include: - Brassica biotechnology - Cereal biotechnology - Legume biotechnology - Seed oil modification - Growth regulation - Promoter technology - Gene expression - Business activities Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Saskatoon Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's (AAFC) Saskatoon Research Centre has been positioned as the department's centre for western oilseeds research and the headquarters of Plant Gene Resources of Canada (see sidebar). Forage crops are an additional research focus. Major research areas include: - Oilseeds - Weed biocontrol group - Biocontrol of Insect Pests The headquarters of the Plant Gene Resource Centre of Canada has been relocated to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Saskatoon Research Centre. University of Saskatchewan Departments and Agencies: - Applied Microbiology and Food Science - Bio Insecticide Research Laboratory - Horticultural Science Public Organizations: - Ag-West Biotech Inc. - Animal Biotechnology Centre - Bioproducts Centre - Canadian Value Added Cereals Consortium - Crop Development Centre - POS Pilot Plant Corporation - Saskatchewan Research Council - VIDO News AFIF - Agricultural Biotechnology Program Call for Proposals The Saskatchewan Agri-Food Innovation Fund has called for proposals under the Agricultural Biotechnology Program. AgrEvo Purchases PGS Hoechst Schering AgrEvo GmbH and PGS International N.V. (PGS) announced that they have signed a definitive acquisition agreement. AgrEvo, which is held 60% by Hoechst AG and 40% by Schering AG, will acquire more than 75% of PGS for an aggregate consideration of approximately U.S. $550 million on August 30, 1996. AgrEvo will tender for the remaining shares of PGS at an equivalent consideration pursuant to an offer to be made to the remaining shareholders. Beef Development Centre Established A Beef Development Centre (BDC) has been officially established by the University of Saskatchewan. The Centre, a strategic partnership involving the Canadian beef industry, government, and the University of Saskatchewan, will focus on enhanced profitability in the beef industry through the creation of new markets, new products, and improved performance. Activities will include innovative research, knowledge transfer, and building linkages for a sustainable industry. Plant Tissue Culture Conference in Saskatoon Researchers from university, industry, and government laboratories met in Saskatoon in June to discuss recent achievements in plant tissue culture and genetic engineering. Oat and Barley Conference Over 500 people attended the 5th International Oat Conference and the 7th International Barley Genetics Symposium, held concurrently in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in August. Root Maggots Eating Up Canola Yields Two species of crucifer root maggots are becoming significant pests in prairie canola crops. Biotech Centre for New Brunswick Monsanto Receives Sustainable Development Award New Patents for Canola Seed Gene Promoter, Colored Cotton Calgene Inc. has been granted a US patent for Bce4, a canola seed gene promoter. Regulatory Transgenic Crop Imports Approved by Japanese Panel Events Mucosal Immunization/Genetic Vaccines Genetic Analysis in Livestock Plant and Animal Genome V Trends Two Thousand Projects in Europe Two thousand projects related to the development of transgenic crops are underway in countries of the European Union, according to the report European Crop Biotechnology. Herbicide Resistance on the Prairies Researchers at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Saskatoon Research Centre are joining the effort to combat herbicide Alliances Monsanto Ups Stake in Calgene Monsanto will increase its ownership of Calgene, Inc. to 54.6 per cent. Groupe Limagrain/Calgene Mycogen/AC Humko TechTransfer Commercialization of Food Pathogen Detection Kit Finance Monsanto Builds New Posilac Plant Issues Biosafety Protocol Stalled Over Liability Issue Sexual Discrimination in Science Resources Biotechnology Industry In Saskatoon Profiled The Saskatoon Regional Economic Development Authority has published a 1996/97 directory of biotech companies and support agencies in Saskatoon. COST Agriculture and Biotechnology Programme Program for Agricultural Co-operative Education Biotech Opportunities in Upper Midwest/Mountain States Pest Management News People Watch Agriculture Canada Agriculture Hall of Fame Agricultural Institute of Canada Canadian Seed Trade Association Advisory Council on Science & Technology Canadian Research Management Association Association of Provincial Research Organizations Synsorb Biotech Bioresearch Ireland/GABA Credits: Published by AG-WEST BIOTECH INC

The article is devoted to the search for possible ways to overcome the transplantation crisis in Ukraine. The uncertainty of the legislative settlement of the issue of transplantation and the existing shortage of donor organs are shown. The role of xenotransplantation in solving this problem is economically justified. The introduction of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in Ukraine is perspective for simplification and cheaper editing of the genome of farm animals in order to xenotransplantation. Xenograft is a promising trend in modern transplantology, which is given attention by scientists from many countries of the world. The demand for donor organs is inelastic, so this problem is financially sound and needs to be resolved by introducing effective mechanisms of state regulation of this issue. Ukraine has the opportunity to implement the xenotransplantation method, taking into account recent discoveries in genetics, molecular biology and medicine that make genome editing cheaper and more affordable. We also consider it expedient to send Ukrainian students within the Bologna process of studying in foreign higher educational institutions and genetic centers to study the future developments of this area of research, further its improvement and implementation in Ukraine. ; Статья посвящена поиску возможных путей преодоления трансплантационного кризиса в Украине. Показана неопределённость законодательного урегулирования вопроса о трансплантации и существующий дефицит донорских органов. Экономически обоснована роль ксенотрансплантации в решении данной проблемы. Внедрение технологии CRISPR-Cas9 в условиях Украины является перспективным для решения вопросов упрощения и удешевления редактирования генома сельскохозяйственных животных с целью ксенотрансплантации. Ксенорансплантация - это перспективное направление в современной трансплантологии, которому уделяется внимание учеными многих стран мира. Спрос на донорские органы является неэластичным, поэтому данная проблема является финансово обоснованной и требует своего решения за счет введения действенных механизмов государственного регулирования этого вопроса. Украина имеет возможности для внедрения метода ксенотрансплантации учитывая последние открытия в генетике, молекулярной биологии и медицине, что делают редактирования генома более дешевым и доступным. Считаем также целесообразным направление украинских студентов в рамках Болонского процесса обучения в зарубежные высшие учебные заведения и генетические центры для изучения перспективных наработок данного направления исследований, дальнейшего его совершенствования и внедрения в условиях Украины. ; Стаття присвячена пошуку можливих шляхів подолання трансплантаційної кризи в Україні. Показана невизначеність законодавчого врегулювання щодо питання про трансплантацію і існуючий дефіцит донорських органів. Економічно обгрунтована роль ксенотрансплантації в вирішенні даної проблеми. Впровадження технології CRISPR-Cas9 в умовах України є перспективним для вирішення питань спрощення і здешевлення редагування генома сільськогосподарських тварин з метоюксенотрансплантації. Ксенорансплантація - це перспективний напрямок в сучасній трансплантології, якому приділяється увага вченими багатьох країн світу. Попит на донорські органи є нееластичним, тому дана проблема є фінансово обгрунтованою та потребує свого вирішення за рахунок запровадження дієвих механізмів державного регулювання цього питання. Україна має можливості для впровадження методу ксенотрансплантації зважаючи на останні відкриття в генетиці, молекулярній біології та медицині, що роблять редагування геному більш дешевим та доступним. Вважаємо також за доцільне направлення українських студентів в межах Болонського процесу навчання у закордонні вищі навчальні заклади та генетичні центри для вивчення перспективних напрацювань даного напрямку досліджень, подальшого його удосконалення та впровадження в умовах України.

Жертвой политических репрессий 1930-1950-х гг. XX в. в Советском Союзе стала и наука. Научную интеллигенцию подвергали гонениям, расстрелам, заключению в лагеря. Одним из главных мест концентрации научного потенциала стали лагеря Казахстана. Здесь находились многие известные учёные (физики, генетики, биологи, историки, медики) с мировыми именами. Несмотря на тяжёлые условия существования, они здесь занимались научными изысканиями, подтверждая этим свою преданность науке. Статья посвящена крупным советским ученым А.Л. Чижевскому, Н.В. Тимофееву-Ресовскому, ставшим жертвами тоталитарного режима. На основе архивных материалов освещается история и деятельность ученых в годы их пребывания в Карагандинском исправительно-трудовом лагере. ; One of the important, both scientifically and socially, problems of the modern history of the Soviet state is the study of the «repressed science» phenomenon. It is impossible to calculate how much talent was destroyed by totalitarian regime. Some were deported, shot, rotted in the camps, others harassed ideological inquisition, and others forced into «sharashka», fourth were without pupils belonging to a myriad of «enemies of the people», the fifth fled into exile. An important aspect of the «repressed science» phenomenon is the theme of «the intelligentsia and the camp». Created by the Soviet government system of concentration camps was aimed at the development of insufficiently studied and remote regions of the country with the servile slave power and exploitation of human intelligence. Karlag as one of the main locations of the scientific potential was created December 19, 1931. The contribution of prisoners, especially scientists and engineers in the development of the central region of Kazakhstan still is not fully disclosed, their last names in most cases are not named, the conditions under which research was accounted are presented for the current generation rather vague. Actuality of considered problem is also linked with the performance of civic duty in front of those who fell victim of repression and endured all the hardships and loss associated with camp life. Severe trials camp system were felt by many wonderful highly educated scientists who with the light of his mind and his soul dispersed the darkness of Gulag camps and communication with them left sweet memories of a lifetime. Unreasonably, without court was convicted one of the great scientists of the XX century Professor A.L. Chizhevsky. His research has covered a several scientific areas: biophysics and electrophysiology, medicine and life extension issues, respiratory physiology, animal husbandry, crop production, epidemiology, the study of mortality, the establishment of a new law on the autonomic functions of the Earth, the humanities (world history),etc. From camp system also suffered another great scientist, founder of Radiation Genetics and Radiation biogeocenology N.V TimofeeV-Resovskii. Despite all experienced, wonder their persistence, which did not break from the test of camp life. They kept their beliefs, and constantly concerned for scientific creativity. A number of scientists belonging to a relatively favorable conditions, managed to survive and return back to the creative work in science and teaching, but many of them, who was stuck to the overall work, died or permanently left the science.

The Physical Template of Landscapes -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Gradient Analysis -- 1.2.1. Gradient Complexes -- 1.3. The Water Balance -- 1.3.1. A Simple Model: PET = AET + Deficit -- 1.4. Estimating Elements of the Template -- 1.4.1. Temperature -- 1.4.2. Radiation -- 1.4.3. Precipitation -- 1.4.4. Soils -- 1.5. Case Study: the Sierra Nevada -- 1.5.1. The Physical Template of the Sierra Nevada -- 1.6. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Biotic Processes as Agents of Pattern -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. The "Pattern and Process" Paradigm -- 2.3. Coupling of Demographic Processes -- 2.4. Interaction with the Physical Template -- 2.4.1. Coupling Demography and the Physical Template -- 2.4.2. Competition along Environmental Gradients -- 2.4.3. Illustration: Gradient Response in the Sierra Nevada -- 2.4.4. The Unit Pattern Revisited -- 2.5. Dispersal as an Agent of Pattern -- 2.6. Animals, Pests, and Pathogens -- 2.6.1. Animals, Pests and Pathogens as Subtle Agents -- 2.6.2. Animals as Dramatic Agents -- 2.7. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Disturbances and Disturbance Regimes -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.1.1 Context and Definitions -- 3.2. Perspectives and Lessons -- 3.2.1. Are Disturbances "Part of the System"? -- 3.2.2. Interactions, Synergies, and Indirect Effects -- 3.2.3. Disturbances and Positive Feedbacks -- 3.2.4. Overlapping Disturbances and Legacies -- 3.2.5. Heterogeneity in Disturbance and Response -- 3.3. Disaggregating Disturbance toward Generality. 3.3.1 A Not-too-General Model -- 3.3.2. The Fire Regime in the Sierra Nevada -- 3.4. Characteristic Dynamics -- 3.5. Humans and Disturbance Regimes -- 3.5.1. Human Impacts on Natural Disturbances - 3.5.2. Novel Disturbance Regimes -- 3.5.3 Human Perception and Landscape Change -- 3.6. Agents of Pattern: Reprise -- 3.7. Summary and Conclusions -- References 78 -- 4. Scale and Scaling - 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The Importance of Scale in Ecology -- 4.2.1. Observational Scale as a Filter on Nature -- 4.2.2. Characteristic Scaling -- 4.2.3. Sampling Grain and Extent, and Statistical Behavior -- 4.3. Scaling Techniques -- 4.3.1. Scaling Techniques for Geostatistical Data -- 4.3.2. Illustration: Scaling of the Sierran Physical Template -- 4.4. Tactical Scaling -- 4.4.1. Tactical Targeting of Sampling Scale(s) -- 4.4.2. Avoid or Embrace Space? -- 4.5. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 5. Inferences on Landscape Pattern -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Patchiness and Patches -- 5.2.1. Patch Definition -- 5.3. Landscape Pattern Metrics -- 5.3.1. Levels of Analysis -- 5.3.2. Components of Pattern -- 5.3.2 Correlation and Redundancy -- 5.3.4. Alternative Framings for Landscape Pattern -- 5.4. Interpreting Landscape Metrics -- 5.4.1. Neutral Models and Neutral Landscapes -- 5.4.2. Neutral Templates for Landscape Processes -- 5.4.3. Extending Neutral Models: Agents of Pattern -- 5.5. Explanatory Models and Inferences -- 5.5.1. Approaches to Inferences on Pattern -- 5.5.2. Illustrations -- 5.5. Explanatory Models and Inferences -- -- 5.5.1. Approaches to Inferences on Pattern -- 5.5.2. Illustrations -- 5.5.3. Inferences on Pattern: Area versus Configuration -- 5.5.4 Inferences on Pattern: the State-of-the-Art -- 5.6. Summary and Conclusions. References -- Implications of Pattern: Metapopulations -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Metapopulations in Theory -- 6.2.1. The Levins Model -- 6.2.2. The Spreading-of-Risk Model -- 6.2.3. The Source-Sink Model -- 6.2.4. The Incidence Function Model -- 6.2.5. Commonalities among Metapopulation Models -- 6.2.6. Characteristic Behaviors of (Model) Metapopulations -- 6.3. Metapopulations in Practice -- 6.3.1. Are there Real Metapopulations in Nature? -- 6.3.2. Macroscopic Approaches to Metapopulations -- 6.4. Network Models of Metapopulations -- 6.4.1. Graphs and Metapopulations -- 6.5. Metapopulations and Connectivity Conservation -- 6.5.1. Structural and Functional Connectivity -- 6.5.2. Metapopulations and Landscape Genetics -- 6.6. A Model Template for Applications -- 6.7. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Supplement 6.1. Details on the Metapopulation Models -- S6.1.1. The Levins Model -- S6.1.2. The Spreading-of-Risk Model -- S6.2.3. The Source-Sink Model -- S6.2.4. The Incidence Function Model -- S6.2.5. Notes on the Individual-based Simulators Metapop1 -- Communities and Patterns of Biodiversity -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Island Biogeography and Landscapes -- 7.2.1. Area and Isolation Effects -- 7.2.2. Island Biogeographic Theory and the SLOSS Debate -- 7.2.3. A Diversity of Diversities -- 7.3. Perspectives on Metacommunities -- 7.3.1. A General Framing -- 7.3.2. Inferences and Limits to Inference -- 7.4. Approaches and Lines of Evidence -- 7.4.1. The Incidence Matrix and Community Assembly -- 7.4.2. Metacommunity Models: Variations on a Theme -- 7.4.3. Species Distribution Models -- 7.4.4. Multvariate Approaches to Partitioning Beta-diversity -- 7.4.5. Lines of Evidence and Complementary Analyses -- 7.5. Illustration: Sierran Forests -- 7.5.1. The Perspective of Ordination and Gradient Analysis -- 7.5.2. Partitioning Beta-diversity -- 7.6. Managing Metacommunities -- 7.7. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Supplement 7.1. Disciplinary Approaches (Details) -- S7.1.1. Incidence Matrices and Community Assembly -- S7.1.2. Metacommunity Models: Variations -- S7.1.3. Species Distribution Models -- S7.1.4. Ordination Techniques -- IImplications of Pattern for Ecosystems -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Spatial Heterogeneity and Ecosystems -- 8.2.1. Spatial Heterogeneity in the Physical Template -- 8.2.2. Lateral Fluxes on Landscapes -- 8.2.3. Landform and Landscape Processes -- 8.2.4. Ecosystem Processes and Positive Feedbacks -- 8.2.5. Ecosystems are both Fast and Slow -- 8.3. Ecosystems and Landscape Legacies -- 8.4. Patch Juxtaposition and Edge Effects -- 8.4.1. Edge Effects, Revisited -- 8.4.2. Edges and Ecosystem Processes: Forest Carbon -- 8.5. Ecosystems and Meta-ecosystems -- 8.5.1. Couplings between Systems -- 8.5.2. Meta-ecosystems, Revisited -- 8.5.3. Implications of Meta-ecosystem Structure -- 8.6. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Urban Landscapes -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Social-Environmental Systems -- 9.2.1. Approaches to Studying Cities -- 9.3. Agents and Implications of Pattern -- 9.3.1. Agents of Pattern -- 9.3.2. Scale and Pattern -- 9.3.3. Implications of Pattern -- 9.3.4. Revisiting the Agents-and-Implications Framing -- 9.4. Urban Landscapes as Laboratories -- 9.4.1. The Urban Stream Syndrome -- 9.4.2. Cities as Mesocosms for Global Change -- 9.5. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10. Climate Change: Adapting for Resilience -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2. Framing Adaptation -- 10.2.1. Components of Climate Change -- 10.2.2. The Perspective of Risk Management -- 10.2.3. Options for Response and Adaptation -- 10.2.4. Resilience Planning: the Tasks at Hand -- 10.3. Approaches to Adaptation Planning -- 10.3.1. Levels of Activity and Currency of Assessments -- 10.3.2. Elements of Adaptation -- 10.3.3. A Template for Applications -- 10.4. Illustrations of Approaches -- 10.4.1. NatureServe's HCCVI -- 10.4.2. Species Range Shifts implied by Climate Change -- 10.4.3. TNC's Resilient Landscapes Initiative -- 10.4.4. The ACT Framework -- 10.4.5. Complementarity of Approaches -- 10.5. Collateral Benefits and Leverage -- 10.5.1. Adaptation Planning and Conservation Practice -- 10.5.2. Collateral Benefits -- 10.5.3. Adaptation and Mitigation -- 10.6. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Index.. .

1. Conceptual issues in personality theory / Susan Cloninger -- 2. Personality psychology of situations / Seth A. Wagerman and David C. Funder -- 3. Personality : traits and situations / Jens B. Asendorpf -- 4. Personality and emotion / Rainer Reisenzein and Hannelore Weber -- 5. The characterization of persons : some fundamental conceptual issues / James T. Lamiell -- 6. The trait approach to personality / Ian J. Deary -- 7. Methods of personality assessment / Gregory J. Boyle and Edward Helmes -- 8. Structural models of personality / Boele de Raad -- 9. The five-factor model of personality traits : consensus and controversy / Robert R. McCrae -- 10. Personality and intelligence / Phillip L. Ackerman -- 11. Childhood temperament / Mary K. Rothbart, Brad E. Sheese and Elisabeth D. Conradt -- 12. The development of personality across the lifespan / M. Brent Donnellan and Richard W. Robins -- 13. Models of personality and health / Marko Elovainio and Mika Kivimäki -- 14. Attachment theory I : motivational, individual-differences and structural aspects / Phillip R. Shaver and Mario Mikulincer -- 15. Attachment theory II : developmental, psychodynamic and optimal-functioning aspects / Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver -- 16. Evolutionary theories of personality / Aurelio José Figueredo, Paul Gladden, Geneva Vásquez, Pedro Sofio Abril Wolf and Daniel Nelson Jones -- 17. Animal models of personality and cross-species comparisons / Samuel D. Gosling and B. Austin Harley -- 18. Behavioural genetics : from variance to DNA / Marcus R. Munafò -- 19. Neuroimaging of personality / Turhan Canli -- 20. Personality neuroscience : explaining individual differences in affect, behaviour and cognition / Colin G. Deyoung and Jeremy R. Gray -- 21. The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality / Philip J. Corr -- 22. Semantic and linguistic aspects of personality / Gerard Saucier -- 23. Personality and performance : cognitive processes and models / Gerald Matthews -- 24. Self-regulation and control in personality functioning / Charles S. Carver and Michael E. Scheier -- 25. Self-determination theory : a consideration of human motivational universals / Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan -- 26. Traits and the self : toward an integration / Michael D. Robinson and Constantine Sedikides -- 27. Personality as a cognitive-affective processing system / Ronald E. Smith and Yuichi Shoda -- 28. The storied construction of personality / Avril Thorne and Vickie Nam -- 29. Personality and social relations / Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell, Jennifer M. Knack and Madeline Rex-Lear -- 30. Personality and social support processes / Rhonda Swickert -- 31. Social pain and hurt feelings / Geoff MacDonald -- 32. Personality in cross-cultural perspective / Juris G. Draguns -- 33. Culture and personality / Robert Bogan and Michael Harris Bond -- 34. Personality and politics / Gianvittorio Caprara and Michele Vecchione -- 35. Mood and anxiety disorders : the hierarchical structure of personality and psychopathology / David D. Vachon and R. Michael Bagby -- 36. Personality and psychosis / Gordon Claridge -- 37. Diagnosis and assessment of disorders of personality / Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt and Thomas A. Widiger -- 38. Psychopathy and its measurement / Robert D. Hare and Craig S. Neumann -- 39. Personality and eating disorders / Natalie J. Loxton and Sharon Dawe -- 40. Personality and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / Rapson Gomez -- 41. Personality in school psychology / Moshe Zeidner -- 42. Personality in educational psychology / Moshe Zeidner -- 43. Personality at work / Giles St J. Burch and Neil Anderson -- 44. Workplace safety and personality / Alice F. Stuhlmacher, Andrea L. Briggs and Douglas F. Cellar -- 45. Personality and crime / David Canter and Donna Youngs -- 46. Treatment of personality disorders / Fiona Warren.

1 Alcohol Use and Abuse: Historical Perspective and Present Trends -- 1. Alcohol Use in Historical Perspective -- 2. Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Problems -- 3. Development of the Concept(s) of Alcoholism -- 4. References -- 2 The Genetics of Alcoholism -- 1. Types of Studies Supporting a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 2. Possible Biological Mechanisms for a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 3. A Prospective Search for the Biological Determinants of Alcoholism -- 4. Summary -- 5. References -- 3 The Absorption, Distribution, and Metabolism of Ethanol and Its Effects on Nutrition and Hepatic Function -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Absorption and Distribution -- 3. Pharmacokinetics and Alcohol Elimination Rates -- 4. Processes and Organs Responsible for Ethanol Elimination -- 5. Significant Pathways of Ethanol Metabolism -- 6. Enzymes That Oxidize Ethanol to Acetaldehyde -- 7. Enzymes That Oxidize Acetaldehyde to Acetate -- 8. Control of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Metabolism in Liver -- 9. Effect of Chronic Ethanol Ingestion on Alcohol Elimination Rate -- 10. Chronic Ethanol Ingestion and Nutrition -- 11. Ethanol Oxidation and Hepatic Metabolism -- 12. References -- 4 Effects of Ethanol upon Organ Systems Other than the Central Nervous System -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ethanol and the Gastrointestinal Tract -- 3. Muscle Systems -- 4. The Hematologic System -- 5. Kidney Disease and Alcoholism -- 6. Pulmonary Disease and Alcoholism -- 7. The Endocrine System and Alcoholism -- 8. Effects of Ethanol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis -- 9. Effects of Alcohol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroidal Axis -- 10. The Effects of Alcohol on Growth Hormone and Prolactin -- 11. Effects of Alcohol on Vasopressin and Oxytocin -- 12. Biological Markers of Alcoholism -- 13. References -- 5 Ethanol and the Central Nervous System -- 1. Ethanol and Behavior -- 2. Ethanol and Membrane Structure and Function -- 3. Ethanol and Electrical Cellular Activity -- 4. Ethanol and Synaptic Transmission -- 5. Ethanol and Metabolism -- 6. Consequences of Long-term Ethanol Consumption -- 7. Summary -- 8. References -- 6 Neurologic Diseases Associated with Chronic Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical Dependence -- 3. Chronic Diseases of the Central Nervous System -- 4. Peripheral Polyneuropathy -- 5. Nutritional Deficiencies -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. References -- 7 Biology of Tolerance and Dependence -- 1. Introduction to Tolerance and Dependence -- 2. Factors Contributing to Tolerance and Dependence -- 3. Classifications and Definitions of Tolerance -- 4. Biochemical Determinants of Ethanol Tolerance -- 5. Characteristics of Physical Dependence on Ethanol -- 6. Etiological Factors Contributing to the Development of Physical Dependence -- 7. Neurochemical Systems Determining Physical Dependence -- 8. Pharmacologic Management of the Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome -- 9. References -- 8 Alcohol Consumption and Prenatal Development -- 1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects -- 2. Alcohol as a Teratogen in Animals, 1973–1979 -- 3. Critical Discussion and General Conclusions -- 4. References -- 9 Interaction of Ethanol with Other Drugs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Centrally Acting Compounds -- 3. References -- 10 Psychological Correlates and Explantions of Alcohol Use and Abuse -- 1. Psychodynamic Models -- 2. The Disease Model -- 3. Behavioral and Social-Learning Approach -- 4. Future Directions -- 5. References -- 11 Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Patient Variables, Treatment Variables -- 1. Critical View of Treatment Outcome Evaluation -- 2. Treatment Variables -- 3. Patient Variables -- 4. Implications -- 5. References -- 12 Prevention of Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Approaches to Prevention -- 2. Alcohol Education -- 3. Mass Media -- 4. Alcohol Control Legislation -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. References.

U glavnom gradu EU-a, Bruxellesu, pridružili su se i naši proizvođači mlijeka na dan ukidanja kvota za proizvodnju mlijeka akciji proizvođača mlijeka. Zemlje razvijenog mljekarstva očekuju 20 % porasta proizvodnje bez ekonomskih posljedica, no Republika Hrvatska nema takav tržni alat zbog gubitka velikog broja proizvođača, odnosno isporučitelja mlijeka. Kvote ne ugrožavaju Hrvatsku jer odobrena kvota znatno je veća u odnosu na količinu ukupne proizvodnje mlijeka. Prema izvješću Europske komisije iz prosinca 2013., zbog loših klimatskih prilika i visokih troškova stočne hrane proizvodne kvote EU članica nisu ostvarene za oko 6 %. Dobar primjer su Austrija, Cipar, Poljska i Njemačka te Danska koje su proizvele više od svojih kvota. Zajednička agrarna politika daje praktičnu i organizacijsku potporu za Mliječni paket gdje su određena jasna pravila otkupa mlijeka i njegove cijene u pisanim ugovorima između proizvođača i mljekarske industrije. Tijekom djelovanja sustava kvota restrukturiran je mliječni sektor, odnosno godišnje je proizvodnju napuštalo oko 6 % proizvođača. Poboljšanjem u genetici i učinkovitošću hrane dovodi do povećanja prosječnog prinosa po kravi, iako situacija u tom pogledu znatno varira unutar članica EU-a. Specijalizirane farme u EU-15 članicama ostvaruju prosječan prinos mlijeka od 7300 kg/krava za prosječno stado od 54 krave, dok ostale članice EU-a ostvaruju prosječan prinos mlijeka 5700 kg/krava za prosječno stado 19 krava. Zbog strukture stada ne možemo biti konkurentni farmama u SAD-u sa 115 krava, Australiji sa 258 i Novom Zelandu sa 458 krava. ; In the capital city of EU, Bruxelles, there was a rally of milk producers on the day of abolition of milk quotas, which was joined by our own producers. Countries with developed dairy production expect 20% increase in production without economic consequences, however, Croatia has no such market tool because of the loss of a large number of manufacturers, specifically, suppliers of milk. Quotas are not threatening for Croatia because the approved quota is much higher than the amount of the total milk production. According to the European Commission report in December 2013, due to bad climate conditions and the high cost of animal feed, production quota of EU Member States has not been achieved by the lack of about 6%. Good examples are Austria, Cyprus, Poland, Germany, and Denmark which have produced more than their quota. The Common Agricultural Policy provides a practical and organizational support for the Dairy package where there are certain rules for the purchase of milk and its price in the written agreement between producers and dairy industry. During the period of the quota system dairy sector was restructured, that resulted in annual 6% of manufacturers leaving the production. Improving the genetics and efficiency of food leads to an increase in the average yield per cow, although the situation in this regard varies considerably across the EU Member States specialized farms in the EU-15 Member States achieved an average milk yield of 7300 kg/cow for the average herd of 54 cows, while other EU members are eligible for the average milk yield of 5700 kg/cow for the average herd of 19 cows. Due to the structure of the herd we cannot be competitive with farms in the United States which have 115 cows, Australia 258 and New Zealand with 458 cows.

Increasing imports of dairy products, milk powder price volatility, as well as a significant gap between the growth of supply and demand are all drivers that contribute to a renewed interest in local milk production in Senegal. This trend reinforces claims for an intensification of livestock production systems. Far from being neutral, the concept of intensification has a long and controversial history in the Sahel. Combining an ethnographical fieldwork of twelve months in Senegal with a historical study of pastoral development interventions in African and Senegalese semi-arid environments, this thesis critically analyses the centrality of the notion of intensification in pastoral development policy in Africa. This work provides an ethnography of the encounter between, on one side, the techno-scientific culture underlying this development model and, on the other side, herders' rationalities and actions, observed in three major dairy development interventions implemented in Senegal.The data analysis shows that by conceiving dairy development as a technical issue, the policy framework hides several key dimensions such as local production and commercialization constraints, unfair competition from subsided imported powdered milk and the lack of a sector policy for the production and processing of local milk. Research results also suggest that the technical development models at work contribute to legitimize and depoliticize the subtraction of pastoral resources induced by land use policies. In a context of irrigated agriculture expansion, the substitution of natural pastures by costly agricultural residues and industrial livestock feeds is often proposed without taking into account its economic sustainability. The study of livestock production systems, analysed through the prism of three socio-technical objects – cattle breeds, animal feed and milk – provides insights to renew the policy framework for pastoral and dairy development in Senegal as well as in other Sahelian countries. The central role of local cattle breeds, including herders' cross-breeding strategies, appeals to reconsider the public management of bovine genetics, by including herders' views, knowledge and practices. The close relationship between animal feed practices and natural resources management calls on national and international development institutions to set up policies that enhance complementarities between agricultural and pastoral activities in ecologically diverse areas.In conclusion, the commercial value of local milk is important and dynamic but non-exclusive. The plurality of milk uses and values reflects the multifunctionality of livestock production systems and contributes to their social and economic reproduction. Moreover, my results suggest that this multifunctional dimension is likely to improve the herders' participation to the milk collection process. This contradicts the prescriptions of political models that consider productive specialization as a prerequisite to any development of dairy production. ; Au Sénégal, la progression du déficit commercial creusé par les importations de produits laitiers, la volatilité des prix de la poudre de lait, ainsi qu'un décalage important entre croissance de l'offre et de la demande sont autant de facteurs à l'origine d'un regain d'intérêt pour une production locale de lait. Ce renouvellement des enjeux du développement laitier se traduit par une série d'injonctions à l'intensification des systèmes d'élevage ; or, loin d'être neutre, le concept d'intensification a une histoire longue et controversée au Sahel. Cette thèse, fondée sur un travail ethnographique de douze mois au Sénégal et sur l'étude historique des interventions de développement pastoral en milieu semi-aride africain et sénégalais, questionne la place centrale qu'y occupe le paradigme d'intensification. Ce travail propose une ethnographie de la rencontre entre la culture technoscientifique qui légitime l'équation classique entre intensification et développement, et les logiques, les pratiques et les modes d'action de certains éleveurs, à partir de trois interventions emblématiques du développement de la production laitière au Sénégal.L'analyse montre qu'en concevant l'intensification laitière comme un enjeu et une construction techniques, le cadre d'action publique occulte les contraintes locales de production et commercialisation, la concurrence de la poudre de lait importée et détaxée, et l'absence de politique sectorielle de production et de transformation du lait local. D'autre part, les résultats suggèrent que la centralité des modèles techniques conduit à légitimer et dépolitiser la soustraction de ressources pastorales induite par les modèles d'aménagement de l'espace à l'œuvre, alors même que de nouvelles dynamiques d'aménagement agricole se profilent. Dans ce contexte, la substitution d'intrants payants aux ressources naturelles est souvent proposée sans aucune considération quant à sa viabilité économique. La mise en perspective des enquêtes sur les systèmes d'élevage, par le biais de trois objets socio-techniques – les races bovines, les aliments du bétail et le lait – dessine des pistes de renouveau de l'action publique de développement de l'élevage et de la production laitière. Le rôle irremplaçable des races locales, y compris dans les croisements entrepris localement, invite à reconsidérer la gestion publique de la génétique bovine, en intégrant les visions, les savoirs, les pratiques des éleveurs. Les liens étroits entre pratiques d'alimentation du bétail et politiques d'aménagement de l'espace appellent à la mise en place de politiques territoriales favorisant la préservation ou la construction de complémentarités entre les activités agricoles et pastorales dans des zones écologiquement diversifiées. La dimension marchande du lait local est importante et évolutive mais non exclusive. La pluralité des usages du lait reflète le caractère multifonctionnel des élevages, et participe à la reproduction des systèmes. Les résultats suggèrent que la multifonctionnalité des élevages peut contribuer à la durabilité d'un bassin laitier, contrairement à ce qui est préconisé par des modèles politiques identifiant la spécialisation productive comme préalable à tout développement laitier.

One Health (OH) positions health professionals as agents for change and provides a platform to manage determinants of health that are often not comprehensively captured in medicine or public health alone. However, due to the organization of societies and disciplines, and the sectoral allocation of resources, the development of transdisciplinary approaches requires effort and perseverance. Therefore, there is a need to provide evidence on the added value of OH for governments, researchers, funding bodies, and stakeholders. This paper outlines a conceptual framework of what OH approaches can encompass and the added values they can provide. The framework was developed during a workshop conducted by the "Network for Evaluation of One Health," an Action funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology. By systematically describing the various aspects of OH, we provide the basis for measuring and monitoring the integration of disciplines, sectors, and stakeholders in health initiatives. The framework identifies the social, economic, and environmental drivers leading to integrated approaches to health and illustrates how these evoke characteristic OH operations, i.e., thinking, planning, and working, and require supporting infrastructures to allow learning, sharing, and systemic organization. It also describes the OH outcomes (i.e., sustainability, health and welfare, interspecies equity and stewardship, effectiveness, and efficiency), which are not possible to obtain through sectoral approaches alone, and their alignment with aspects of sustainable development based on society, environment, and economy.

Potential hybridization between wolves and dogs has fueled the sensitive conservation and political debate underlying the recovery of the grey wolf throughout Europe. Here we provide the first genetic analysis of wolf-dog admixture in an area entirely recolonized, the northwestern Alps. As part of a long-term monitoring program, we performed genetic screening of thousands of non-invasive samples collected in Switzerland and adjacent territories since the return of the wolf in the mid-1990s. We identified a total of 115 individuals, only 2 of them showing significant signs of admixture stemming from past interbreeding with dogs, followed by backcrossing. This low rate of introgression (<2% accounting for all wolves ever detected over 1998-2017) parallels those from other European populations, especially in Western Europe (<7%). Despite potential hybridization with stray dogs, few founders and strong anthropogenic pressures, the genetic integrity of the Alpine population has remained intact throughout the entire recolonization process. In a context of widespread misinformation, this finding should reduce conflicts among the different actors involved and facilitate wolf conservation. Real-time genetic monitoring will be necessary to identify potential hybrids and support an effective management of this emblematic population.

To test the hypothesis that different drivers shape the diversity and biogeography of the total and active bacterial community, we examined the bacterial community composition along two transects, one from the inner Pearl River estuary to the open waters of the South China Sea (SCS) and the other from the Luzon Strait to the SCS basin, using 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene (V1-3 regions) and thereby characterizing the active and total bacterial community, respectively. The diversity and biogeographic patterns differed substantially between the active and total bacterial communities. Although the composition of both the total and active bacterial community was strongly correlated with environmental factors and weakly correlated with geographic distance, the active bacterial community displayed higher environmental sensitivity than the total community and particularly a greater distance effect largely caused by the active assemblage from deep waters. The 16S rRNA vs. rDNA relationships indicated that the active bacteria were low in relative abundance in the SCS. This might be due to a high competition between active bacterial taxa as indicated by our community network models. Based on these analyses, we speculate that high competition could cause some dispersal limitation of the active bacterial community resulting in a distinct distance-decay relationship. Altogether, our results indicated that the biogeographic distribution of bacteria in the SCS is the result of both environmental control and distance decay.

"Bee pollen" is pollen collected from flowers by honey bees. It is used by the bees to nourish themselves, mainly by providing royal jelly and brood food, but it is also used for human nutrition. For the latter purpose, it is collected at the hive entrance as pellets that the bees bring to the hive. Bee pollen has diverse bioactivities, and thus has been used as a health food, and even as medication in some countries. In this paper, we provide standard methods for carrying out research on bee pollen. First, we introduce a method for the production and storage of bee pollen which assures quality of the product. Routine methods are then provided for the identification of the pollen's floral sources, and determination of the more important quality criteria such as water content and content of proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, alkaloids, phenolic and polyphenolic compounds. Finally, methods are described for the determination of some important bioactivities of bee pollen such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties. Métodos estándar Para la investigación del polen El "polen de abeja" es el polen recogido de las flores por las abejas melíferas. El polen de abeja es utilizado para nutrir a las propias abejas, principalmente para proporcionar jalea real y alimento para las crías, pero también se utiliza para la nutrición humana. Para este último fin, se recoge en la entrada de la colmena en forma de gránulos que las abejas llevan a la colmena. El polen de abeja tiene diversas bioactividades, por lo que se hautilizado como alimento para la salud, e incluso como medicamento en algunos países. En este artículo, proporcionamos métodos estándar para llevar a cabo investigaciones sobre el polen de abeja. En primer lugar, presentamos un método de producción y almacenamiento de polen de abeja que garantiza la calidad del producto. A continuación, se ofrecen métodos de rutina para la identificación de las fuentes florales del polen y la determinación de los criterios de calidad más importantes, como el contenido de agua y de proteínas, carbohidratos, ácidos grasos, vitaminas, alcaloides y compuestos fenólicos y polifenólicos. Por último, se describen métodos para la determinación de algunas bioactividades importantes del polen de abeja, como sus propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias, antimicrobianas y antimutagénicas. ; The COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes) Association aims to explain and prevent massive honey bee colony losses. It was funded through the COST Action FA0803. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a unique means for European researchers to jointly develop their own ideas and new initiatives across all scientific disciplines through trans-European networking of nationally funded research activities. Based on a pan-European intergovernmental framework for cooperation in science and technology, COST has contributed since its creation more than 40 years ago to closing the gap between science, policy makers and society throughout Europe and beyond. COST is supported by the EU Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration activities (Official Journal L 412, 30 December 2006). The European Science Foundation as implementing agent of COST provides the COST Office through an EC Grant Agreement. The Council of the European Union provides the COST Secretariat. The COLOSS network is now supported by the Ricola Foundation – Nature & Culture. Figures 26–28 are reproduced from Sawyer (1981) with the permission of the publishers University College Cardiff Press and Northern Bee Books. Lidia Barreto and J Nordi wish to thank the Apiculture Research Center of Taubate University (UNITAU-SP/Brazil) and Agriculture Secretary of Bahia State (SEAGRI-BA/ BRAZIL). Maria Campos wishes to thank (UI0204): UIDB/ 00313/2020, Center of Chemistry from Faculty of Sciences and Technology of University of Coimbra, Portugal. Of elia Anjos wishes to thank to Forest Research Centre, a research unit funded by Fundac¸~ao para a Ci^encia e a Tecnologia I.P. (FCT), Portugal (UIDB/00239/2020), and to Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior for the OPUS software availability. Norma Almaraz Abarca thanks to the Instituto Politecnico Nacional for financial and logistic support. Manuel Chica and Pascual Campoy wish to thank the APIFRESH project. APIFRESH has been co-funded by the European Commission under the R4SMEs 7th Framework Program. Olena Lokutova thanks the Austrian Institute of beekeeping, Dr H Pehhacker and the same members of the Institute H Hagel and E H€uttinger for conducting photomicroscopic studies and pollen analysis Ukrainian samples of pollen loads, which were the basis of the atlas of pollen "honey plants" of Ukraine. Olena is grateful also to Polish colleagues Z Warakomska (Department of Botany University of Lublin) and D Teper (Polish Institute of beekeeping) for their professionalism and consultations to determine the botanical origin of some Ukrainian honey. Also thanks to their scientific advisers' academician G Bogdanov (National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine), Prof. V Polishuk (Department of beekeeping National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine) and O Martynyuk (M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Kiev, Ukraine) for his helpful co-operation in the field of beekeeping and palinology. Janka Nozkova wishes to thank the Operational Program Research and Development of the European Regional Development Fund in the frame of the project "Support of technologies innovation for special bio-food products for human healthy nutrition" (ITMS 26220220115) and also by the Excellence Center for Agrobiodiversity Conservation and Benefit – project implemented under the Operational Program Research and Development financed by European Fund for Regional Development ITMS 26220120015 (Slovak Republic) and all colleagues from Institute of Biodiversity and Biosafety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra for their help with image analysis. Ananias Pascoal, Georgina Tolentino and Let ıcia Estevinho would like to thank Fundac¸~ao para a Ci^encia e Tecnologia (FCT), Programa Operacional Pontencial Humano (POPH) and European Union (EU) for his Postdoctoral grant SFRH/BPD/91380/2012. Wiebke Sickel, Markus Ankenbrand, Gudrun Grimmer, Frank F€orster, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter and Alexander Keller thank the financial support by the DFG Collaborative Research Center 1047, Insect Timing. MJA was further supported by a grant of the German Excellence Initiative to the Graduate School of Life Sciences of the University of W€urzburg. They are grateful to the members of the Departments of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Bioinformatics; and Human Genetics, University of W€urzburg, for constructive input on the design of the workflow. Additionally thank to the Department of Human Genetics, especially S. Rost, for granting access to the Illumina MiSeq device. Zivoslav Te si c, Mirjana Mosi c, Aleksandar Kosti c, Mirjana Pe si c, Du sanka Milojkovi c-Opsenica thank the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia, Grants 172017 and TR 31069. Gina Tolentino would like to thank the Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Agricultural College of Bragança, Polytechnic Institute of Braganc¸a for his research grant in the project titled " Development of new bee products in biological production way." ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Alcohol and Alcohol-related Diseases: An Introduction to the Book -- I Alcohol consumption: Epidemiology, policies and legal aspects I Alcohol consumption: Epidemiology, policies and legal aspects I Alcohol consumption: Epidemiology, policies and legal aspects I Alcohol consumption: Epidemiology, policies and legal aspects I Alcohol consumption: Epidemiology, policies and legal aspects I Alcohol consumption: Epidemiology, policies and legal aspects I Alcohol consumption: Epidemiology, policies and legal aspects I Alcohol consumption: Epidemiology, policies and legal aspects I Alcohol consumption: Epidemiology, policies and legal aspects II Alcohol addiction: Introduction and diagnosis Alcohol addiction: Introduction and diagnosis II Alcohol addiction: Introduction and diagnosis II Alcohol addiction: Introduction and diagnosis III Treatment of alcohol addiction Treatment of alcohol addiction III Treatment of alcohol addiction III Treatment of alcohol addiction III Treatment of alcohol addiction III Treatment of alcohol addiction III Treatment of alcohol addiction III Treatment of alcohol addiction Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) IV Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) IV Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Structural and functional central nervous system pathology in alcohol addi V Structural and functional central nervous system pathology in alcohol addi V Structural and functional central nervous system pathology in alcohol addi V Structural and functional central nervous system pathology in alcohol addi V Structural and functional central nervous system pathology in alcohol addi V Structural and functional central nervous system pathology in alcohol addi VI Risk factors for Alcohol Addiction and Lessons from Basic Science Risk factors for Alcohol Addiction and Lessons from Basic Science VI Risk factors for Alcohol Addiction and Lessons from Basic Science VI Risk factors for Alcohol Addiction and Lessons from Basic Science VI Risk factors for Alcohol Addiction and Lessons from Basic Science VII Alcohol-related liver disease: Diagnosis Alcohol-related liver disease: Diagnosis VII Alcohol-related liver disease: Diagnosis VII Alcohol-related liver disease: Diagnosis VII Alcohol-related liver disease: Diagnosis VII Alcohol-related liver disease: Diagnosis Medical aspects of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related liver disease VIII Medical aspects of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related liver disease VIII Medical aspects of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related liver disease VIII Medical aspects of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related liver disease VIII Medical aspects of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related liver disease -- Epidemiology of Alcohol and Opioids Epidemiology of Alcohol-related Liver Disease in Europe Epidemiology of Alcohol-related Liver Disease in Romania Epidemiology of Alcohol-related Liver Disease in China Epidemiology of Alcohol-related Liver Disease in Russia Alcohol and mortality: First Preliminary Lessons from a Prospective 15 year Follow-up Study#xa0; Legal aspects of alcohol intake: A Romanian perspective COVID-19 and Alcohol Use Disorder The Principles of Policies to Reduce the Burden of Liver Disease Medical Treatment of Alcohol use Disorder: A Multidisciplinary Approach Diagnosis of Alcohol use Disorder and Identification of Unhealthy Alcohol Consumption#xa0; State Markers of Alcohol Use and their Application Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment Evidence-based Behavioral Treatments Approved, Promising, and Experimental Medications for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder#xa0; Comorbidity with substance use disorders and/or psychiatric disorders Treatment of Adolescents Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Addiction Therapies The Clinical Benefits of Non-Abstinent Outcomes in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment: Evidence from Clinical Trials and Treatment Implications; Laboratory Based Approaches To Medications Development For Alcohol Addiction Emergency Room: Acute Alcohol Intoxication and Other Alcohol-related Acute Problems Including Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Introductory comments on FASD and the Collaborative Initiative on FASD Image Analysis of Neurofacial Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure From Surviving to Thriving": A Focused Review of Interventions for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders to Guide a Shift Toward Strengths-Based Intervention Development. Structural and Functional Imaging of Alcohol's Effects on the Brain Brain Microstructure in Alcohol Addiction: Characterization of Diffusion-based MRI Biomarkers, Neuropathological Substrates, and Functional Consequences Determinants of Risk Developmental Trajectories for Risky and Harmful Alcohol Use: Lessons from the IMAGEN Consortium Impulsivity and Alcohol Use Disorder Brain-Immune Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorder Targeting Neuroimmune Signaling in Alcohol Use Disorder: Opportunities for Translation Brain Alterations and Cognitive Deficits Induced by Alcohol Use Disorder The Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder Alcohol Responses as Phenotypic Markers of AUD Risk - Lessons from Longitudinal Studies#xa0; Early Life Adversity as a Risk Factor in Alcohol Addiction Animals Models Used to Study Alcohol Use Disorder Alcohol Use Disorder: Stress, Negative Reinforcement, and Negative Urgency Laboratory Parameters in Heavy Drinkers Histology of Alcohol-related Liver Disease Non-Invasive Fibrosis Assessment in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Noninvasive Biomarker Screening and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease in the General Population Evidence for Red Blood Cell-derived Aspartate Aminotransferase in Heavy Drinkers#xa0; Fibrosis Screening of Alcohol-related Liver Disease Based on Elastography Portal Hypertension in ALD The impact of alcohol components in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease Coagulation Disorders in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Hepato-renal Syndrome in Patients with Alcohol-related#xa0;Liver Disease Acute Liver Failure Due to Alcohol Intoxication- therapeutic Options Medical aspects of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease IX Molecular mechanisms of of alcohol-related liver disease X Severe alcoholic hepatitis Severe alcoholic hepatitis X Severe alcoholic hepatitis X Severe alcoholic hepatitis X Severe alcoholic hepatitis Alcohol-related damage of other organs XI Alcohol-related damage of other organs XI Alcohol-related damage of other organs XI Alcohol-related damage of other organs XII Alcohol and cancer Alcohol and cancer XII Alcohol and cancer Center experiences for the interdisclipninary managment of alcohol use XIII Center experiences for the interdisclipninary managment of alcohol use -- Management of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal: Practical Considerations and Role of Comorbidities Pathophysiology of Ethanol and Unexplained Observations Ethanol Metabolism Modulation of Alcohol-related Liver Disease by Obesity and Diabetes The Genetics Of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (ALD) Mechanisms of Alcohol-related Liver Cirrhosis Alcoholic Fibrosis/Cirrhosis And Its Reversibility Alterations in Methionine Metabolic Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Alcohol-associated Liver Disease Mitochondria and Alcohol Hepatic Iron Overload in Heavy Drinkers: Molecular Mechanisms and Relation to Hemolysis and Enhanced Red Blood Cell Turnover Ethanol-Mediated Bone Marrow Toxicity And Impaired Erythropoiesis: Implications For Alcohol-Related Liver Disease The "Matrisome" and Alcohol-related Liver Disease MicroRNAs and Alcohol-associated Liver Disease Intestinal bacteria and bacterial endotoxin in the development and therapy of alcohol-related liver disease Microbiota and alcoholic liver disease Alcohol Potentiates HIV-induced Hepatotoxicity via Induction of Lysosomal Damage in Hepatocytes Pathophysiology Of Alcoholic Hepatitis: Emerging Role Of Enhanced Red Blood Cell Turnover#xa0; Diagnosis and Staging of Disease-severity in Symptomatic Alcoholic Hepatitis Management of Severe Forms of Alcoholic Hepatitis Mechanisms of Recovery from and Strategies for Survival of Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis and ACLF The Role of Liver Biopsy and Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Severe Al oholic Hepatitis Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue; Targets or Relays for Interorgan Axis in Alcohol-induced Tissue Injury? Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: Pathogenic Aspects Ethanol and heart failure: A clinical perspective Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome Mechanisms of Alcohol-mediated Cancer ; Alcohol and Cancer: The Epidemiological Evidence Alcohol-related Cancers of the Esophagus, Head and Neck, and Stomach in East Asians Model for Secondary Health Care Alcohol Services Optimising the Response to Alcohol Use Disorders in Acute Hospitals The Interdisciplinary Approach to AUD: What a Hepatologist can do in a Resource Limited Setting. .

Contents -- Volume I: Definition, Conception, and Development -- Contributors Preface Part I History, Definition, and Diagnostic Issues 1 -- 1 Aggression and Violence: Definitions and Distinctions 3 -- Johnie J. Allen and Craig A. Anderson -- 2 Cultural -- Norms and Definitions of Violence Kirby Deater-Deckard and Jennifer E. Lansford -- 3 Legal -- Definitions of Violence and Aggression Cody N. Charette and Eric W. Hickey -- 4 The Development of Aggression From Early Childhood to Adulthood Richard E. Tremblay, Sylvana M. Côté, Julie Salla, and Gregory Michel -- 5 Gender Differences in Violence and Aggression Lee Copping -- 6 Online Misogyny Targeting Feminist Activism: Anita Sarkeesian and Gamergate, Melinda C.R. Burgess, Felicia Byars, Leila Sadeghi-Azar, and Karen E. Dill-Shackleford -- 7 Cross-Cultural Differences in Aggression Douglas P. Fry -- 8 Violence in the Family Donald G. Dutton, Katherine R. White, and Christie Tetreault -- 9 Mass Killing Charles R. Butcher, Charles H. Anderton, and Jurgen Brauer -- 10 Psychiatric Diagnosis and Violence: Description and Mechanisms Mark R. Serper and Yosef Sokol -- 11 Psychopathy, Violence, and Aggression Dennis E. Reidy and Megan C. Kearns -- 12 Introduction to Sexual Violence Ibitola O. Asaolu and Mary P. Koss -- 13 Hate Crime Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld -- 14 Violence and Moral Philosophy Bob Brecher -- Part II Biology 15 The Evolution of Human Violence and Aggression: The Contribution of Peace Ethology Peter Verbeek -- 16 Genetics of Aggression in Nonhuman Animals Anna V. Kukekova -- 17 Psychophysiology of Violence and Aggression Jonathan C. Waldron and Angela Scarpa -- 18 Neuroanatomy of Violence and Aggression Yaling Yang -- 19 The Role of Neurotransmitters in Violence and Aggression Klaus A. Miczek, Joseph F. DeBold, Kyle Gobrogge, Emily L. Newman, and Rosa M.M. de Almeida -- 20 Testosterone and Human Aggression Justin M. Carré;, Erika L. Ruddick, Benjamin J.P. Moreau, and Brian M. Bird -- 21 Animal Models of Aggression and Violence Sietse F. de Boer and Jaap M. Koolhaas -- 22 Interplay Between Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Development of Aggressive-Antisocial Behavior During Childhood and Adolescence Frank Vitaro, Mara Brendgen, and Richard E. Tremblay -- Part III Theoretical Accounts 23 Developmental Pathways to Aggression and Violence Sheryl L. Olson and Ka I. Ip -- 24 Masculinities, Aggression, and Violence Walter S. DeKeseredy -- 25 Protective Factors Against Crime and Violence in Adolescence Friedrich Lösel and Doris Bender -- 26 Cognitive-Behavioral Factors and Anger in the Occurrence of Aggression and Violence Raymond W. Novaco -- 27 The Developmental of Aggression and Violence Over the Life Span Jeffrey D. Burke -- 28 Addressing Children's Disruptive Behavior Problems: A 30-Year Journey With Stop Now And Plan (SNAP) Leena K. Augimeri, Debra Pepler, Margaret Walsh, and Michelle Kivlenieks -- 29 Does Alcohol Cause Violence and Aggression? Whitney Brown and Kenneth E. Leonard -- 30 Do Drugs Cause Violence? Kisha M. Radliff, Kathryn L. Zeanah, and Joe E. Wheaton -- 31 Does Poverty Cause Violence? Vania Ceccato -- 32 Do Group Processes Cause Violence and Aggression? Sabine Otten -- 33 Displaced Aggression is Alive and Well William C. Pedersen, Jennifer Ellison, and Norman Miller -- 34 Media, Violence, Aggression, and Antisocial Behavior: Is the Link Causal? Courtney Plante and Craig A. Anderson -- 35 Humor and Violence Charles S. Gulas, Marc G. Weinberger, and Kunal Swani -- 36 Is the Link Between Games and Aggression More About the Player, Less About the Game? Christopher J. Ferguson, Nicholas David Bowman, and Rachel Kowert -- 37 The General Aggression Model and Its Application to Violent Offender Assessment and Treatment Flora Gilbert, Michael Daffern, and Craig A. Anderson -- 38 On Automatic As Well As Controlled Psychological Processes in Aggression, From the Cognitive Neoassociation Perspective Leonard Berkowitz -- 39 Social Learning Theory and the Development of Aggression Jackson A. Goodnight, Sarah A. Wilhoit, and Angela Receveur -- 40 Frustration-Aggression Theory Johannes Breuer and Malte Elson -- 41 Behavioral Explanations of Aggression and Violence Michael M. Mueller and AjamuNkosi -- 42 Psychoanalytic Concepts of Violence and Aggression Svenja Taubner, Sven Rabung, Anthony Bateman, and Peter Fonagy -- 43 Social-Psychological Explanations of Aggression and Violence Barbara Krahé; -- 44 Violence and Aggression in Socially Disorganized Neighborhoods Renee Zahnow and Rebecca Wickes -- 45 Race and Gender Stereotypes and Violence and Aggression Melinda C.R. Burgess -- 46 Forgetting Everything We Think We Know: High Self-Esteem and Violence Joseph M. Boden -- 47 Strain Theory, Violence, and Aggression Lee Ann Slocum and Robert Agnew -- 48 Theories of Political Violence Ekkart Zimmermann -- Volume II: Assessment, Prevention and Treatment of Individuals Contributors Preface Part IV Assessment of Individuals 49 Principles and Foundations of Psychological Assessment Jane E. Fisher, William O'Donohue, and Stephen N. Haynes -- 50 Dyadic Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis of Family Violence Lindsey M. Rodriguez and Murray A. Straus -- 51 Assessment of Callous and Related Traits Eva R. Kimonis and Natalie Goulter -- 52 Physiological Measurement and Assessment Christopher J. Patrick and Sarah J. Brislin -- 53 Systematic Screening for Challenging Behaviors in Tiered Support Systems Jeffrey Sprague and Kathleen Lynne Lane -- 54 Psychiatric Assessment of Violence John S. Rozel, Abhishek Jain, Edward P. Mulvey, and Loren H. Roth -- 55 Psychoanalytic Assessment of Violence Jessica Yakeley -- 56 Psychopathy and Violence Colleen M. Lillard, Jennifer C. Johnson, and Michael J. Vitacco -- 57 Risk Assessment, Violence, and Aggression Catherine S. Shaffer, Adam J.E. Blanchard, and Kevin S. Douglas -- 58 Violence in Individuals With Major Psychiatric Disorders: Its Prediction and Treatment in Light of Heterogeneous Pathways to Violence Menahem I. Krakowski -- Part V Individual Interventions for Prevention 59 Preschool Life Skills: Toward Teaching Prosocial Skills and Preventing Aggression in Young Children Kevin C. Luczynski and Tara A. Fahmie -- 60 Teaching Gun Safety Skills to Children Raymond G. Miltenberger, Diego Valbuena, and Sindy Sanchez -- Part VI Individual Treatment: Therapies 61 Evidence- Based Practice and Children and Adolescents: What Works? What Works Best? Tia Navelene Barnes, Kristen Merrill O'Brien, Michelle M. Cumming, Donna Spencer Pitts, and Stephen W. Smith -- 62 Evidence-Based Practice and Adults: What Works? What Works Best? James McGuire -- 63 Applied Behavior Analysis and Treatment of Violence and Aggression James K. Luiselli and Joseph N. Ricciardi -- 64 Anger Management Graham Glancy, Stefan Treffers, and Michael Saini -- 65 Mindfulness and the Treatment of Aggression and Violence Nirbhay N. Singh, Giulio E. Lancioni, and Alan S.W. Winton -- 66 Third Wave Therapies and the Treatment of Violence and Aggression Amie Zarling and Ashley Taylor -- 67 Parent Training and the Treatment of Violence and Aggression Linda Anne Valle and Jennifer W. Kaminski -- 68 Training Staff to Manage Violence and Aggression Richard Whittington and Owen Price -- 69 Psychodynamic Treatment of Violence and Aggression: Empirical Evidence and New Approaches Svenja Taubner, Peter Fonagy, Anthony Bateman, and Sven Rabung -- 70 Multisystemic Therapy for Violent and Aggressive Youths Charles M. Borduin, Alex R. Dopp, Lauren B. Quetsch, and Benjamin D. Johnides -- 71 Pharmacological Management of Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatric Patients Laurette E. Goedhard and Eibert R. Heerdink -- 72 Psychopharmacological Approaches to Aggression and Violence in Adults With Severe Mental Illness: What Works? What Works Best? Leslie Citrome and Jan Volavka -- 73 The Fast Track Project: Effects on Violence and Aggression and Related Outcomes Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group -- 74 Interventions Targeting Alcohol, Violence, and HIV: Current Evidence and Future Directions -- Lori A.J. Scott-Sheldon, Theresa E. Senn, and Tyler S. Kaiser.