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The book examines the magnitude of the unemployment problem in the African economy as well as the prospects for the future of Africa's growing labor force. It identifies the constraints on employment expansion and proposes how they could be removed. The issues addressed (also in case studies) include the brain drain, youth unemployment, educated unemployment, performance and problems of the informal sector, the employment-creation potentials of the agricultural sector, education and training, personnel management, and the constraints of rapid population growth. (DÜI-Sbd)

"This paper reviews the literature on the performance of commonly found social safety net programs in developing countries. The evidence suggests that universal food subsidies have very limited potential for redistributing income. While targeted food subsidies have greater potential, this can only be realized when adequate attention is given to the design and implementation, as well as to the social and political factors influencing the adoption, of these programs. Although well-designed public works programs have impressive targeting performance, they have large non-wage costs; thus, to be cost-effective, they need to produce outputs that are especially beneficial to poor households. Social funds, which emphasize both community involvement and asset creation, have been cost-effective, but they are difficult to target to extremely poor households. Traditional public works programs are particularly attractive for addressing vulnerability, but they require flexibility regarding choice of output. Targeted human capital subsidies appear to have great potential for addressing extreme poverty; but again, their design needs to reflect the human capital profile of countries and the administrative capability of the government." -- Author's Abstract ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP28; Theme 8;Public Policy and Investment ; FCND

This article begins with the author's ideas about the meanings of human performance, success and failure. The process of managing performance is then sketched. Fourteen significant issues associated with the different phases of the process are next discussed. The article concludes with some predictions and prescriptions for performance management in the future.

This book discusses various dimensions of Indian fiscal federalism, focusing on the current fiscal imbalances - both vertical and horizontal - and their correction. Throwing light on different angles of this subject, it presents well-researched papers, which are divided into three sections. The first section, 'Fiscal federalism and resolving the fiscal imbalances', includes five chapters that discuss this theme and also explain the various strategies to remove the existing imbalances in India. 'Fiscal decentralization for high growth' which is the second section, explains how decentralisation leads to high economic growth and showcases empirical evidence from a few Indian states that are flourishing due to this policy. The third section, 'Emerging issues' offers six chapters describing several existing key concerns in fiscal federalism that have a major impact on achieving India's development goals. Including contributions from leading academics in this field, the book will be of great interest to research scholars and policy makers alike."Besides addressing the core issue of fiscal imbalances and ways to correct them, the chapters] touch on several issues confronting the Indian fiscal system at the centre, state and local levels. The chapters] are well researched and well argued. The book is a valuable addition to the literature on Fiscal Federalism."--Dr. C. Rangarajan, Ex-Governor of Reserve Bank of India; Chairman, Madras School of Economics, Chennai, India.

Imagine shopping for a car in 1960. Safety is important to you. How do you assess a car's performance in surviving a crash? What tools were available then to take an informed decision? The modern consumer of financial services is in a similar position as the car shopper of the z96os. How does the modern consumer choose a bank that is relatively safe from identity thieves and other malicious individuals? Perhaps she chooses the larger institution, because it has more resources to address fraud. Or perhaps a smaller institution offers more protection, because it is more obscure. There is no way to know for sure, and thus, consumers cannot make an informed decision. This article attempts to actuate a market for bank safety by comparing identity theft victim data with government statistics used to measure the relative size of financial institutions. It envisions a future when this market incentivizes financial services firms to explicitly compete to reduce the likelihood that customers will become victims of identity theft or other frauds. In a world of competition in bank safety, consumers who put a premium on avoiding fraud could reward the most proficient firms with their loyalty. This article concludes that the available data, while weakened by several methodological concerns, do show that certain banks, large and small, have different identity theft footprints. Other discoveries were made as well. First, if present trends continue, there will be a substantial upswing in identity theft complaints to the Federal Trade Commission in 2008. Second, over a three-year period, a small group of companies accounted for almost 5o percent of identity theft incidents. Focusing interventions on this small group of companies could have a profound effect on incidence of identity theft. Finally, non-banking institutions, such as telecommunications companies, have an enormous identity theft footprint; in our highly dependent credit markets, impostors may be using these companies as stepping stones for attacks against banks.

Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Part I Theoretical Foundations of Building of the System for Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation -- 1 Analysis of Compliance of the System for Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation with Modern Requirements -- 1.1 Statement of the Problem and Task of Research -- 1.2 International Requirements for Systems of Management of Ecology Safety -- 1.3 Requirements for Systems of Management of Ecology Safety in the Russian Federation -- 1.4 The System of Management of Ecology Safety for Flight Operations, Technical Service, and Repair -- 1.5 Compliance of the System of Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation with International and Domestic Requirements -- References -- 2 Analysis of Work in the Area of Improving the Requirements to the System of Management of Ecology Safety -- 2.1 Determination of the Factors of Ecology Threats -- 2.2 Analysis of Work in the Area of Improving the Requirements to the System of Management of Ecology Safety in the Russian Federation -- 2.3 Basic Principles of the System of Ecology Safety -- 2.4 Analysis of the Existing System of Management of Ecological Safety in Civil Aviation -- References -- 3 Theoretical Studies of Ways to Improve the Efficiency of the System of Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation -- 3.1 Development of a Mathematical Model of System Management for Ecological Safety in Civil Aviation -- 3.1.1 Mathematical Model of System Management for Ecological Safety -- 3.1.2 The Model of the Production System of Aircraft Repair -- 3.2 Approximate Analysis of the Directions of Improving the Efficiency of System Management for Ecological Safety in Civil Aviation -- 3.3 Structural Optimization of the System of Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation -- 3.3.1 Threat and Risk Assessment at Enterprises.

Presents an evaluation of a trade union project to appoint regional health and safety representatives in farm‐working. Outlines the background and development of the scheme and assesses its outcomes. Reviews the problem of health and safety in agriculture and discusses the scheme as a means of improving the health and safety performance of the small enterprises typical of the industry. Identifies factors that have supported or constrained the activities of the regional safety representatives and evaluates their importance. Compares the scheme with analysis of more developed provisions for regional health and safety representatives found in Sweden and identifies and discusses a number of supporting and limiting factors common to both schemes. Concludes the project has achieved very limited success in improving joint consultation on health and safety in agricultural employment. Suggests its limited progress is a result of constraints specific to the industry rather than those of employment in small enterprises in general. Proposes further strategies that the trade union might adopt to increase the chances of success within the industry.