Suchergebnisse

Der Autor zeichnet zunächst den geschichtlichen Weg nach, den das neue Völkerrecht seit 1919 genommen hat, um aufzuzeigen, wie völkerrechtliche Interventionen historisch und politisch einzuordnen sind. Er wendet sich danach ausführlich den völkerrechtlichen Legitimationsgründen für das militärische Eingreifen in innerstaatliche Konflikte zu. Seine kritischen Ausführungen beziehen sich unter anderem auf das Gewaltverbot und die Charta der Vereinten Nationen, auf die Rolle des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs im Jugoslawienkrieg sowie auf die humanitären Interventionen im Kosovo-Konflikt im Jahr 1999. (ICI)

The author examines the history of the political status of Afghanistan, appraises it since the first world war with special reference to its development since the second world war. The central Afghan political structure established at Kandahar in 1747 by Ahmad Shah, Russian and British interests in Afghanistan in the 19th century. Afghanistan's emergence as an independent nation at the end of the first world war. Political developments in the country since 1945. Development of amicable relations between the USSR and Afghanistan since 1950. Afghanistan's non-aligned status recognized by the USSR in 1971. Background of the military coup in April 1978. Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in December 1979. International reactions to the Soviet military intervention. Solution of the Afghan conflict not in sight. (DÜI-Sen)

Haftungsklagen gegen Gesellschafter und Geschäftsleiter stellen das internationale Zivilverfahrensrecht vor große Herausforderungen. Die regelmäßig erforderliche Bestimmung der internationalen Zuständigkeit wirft insbesondere die Frage auf, welchen Normen die vielfältigen Klagen zugeordnet werden können. Am Beispiel diverser Haftungsansprüche des deutschen Rechts untersucht Jonas Christian Gröning diese Fragestellung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Rechtsprechung des EuGH. Im Lichte insolvenzbezogener Klagen entwickelt er zunächst eine Demarkationslinie zwischen Brüssel Ia-VO und EuInsVO. Im Rahmen der Brüssel Ia-VO stehen sodann die Bedeutung des arbeitsvertraglichen Zuständigkeitsregimes für die Geschäftsleiter von Kapitalgesellschaften sowie die Grenzziehung zwischen Vertrags- und Deliktsgerichtsstand im Fokus der Betrachtung.

Aus jugoslawischer Sicht

The Ninth Annual Report on Exchange Restrictions of the International Monetary Fund, covering the period from May 1957 to April 1958, was transmitted to members and governors of the Fund on May 5, 1958.1 The Report noted that the period under review had showed mixed trends. While there had been relatively little overall progress in the formal relaxation of restrictions, there had been a significant strengthening of most internationally traded currencies, particularly in the opening months of 1958. There had been a marked improvement in the rates at which transferable currencies could be exchanged for convertible currencies in free markets, as well as an improvement in other rates against the dollar, particularly for the currencies of western Europe. The rates in these free markets had begun to approximate the rates in official markets. In this respect, there had been continued progress toward external convertibility.

The fifth session of the IRO Council which met in Geneva during March 1950 decided upon the maintenance and care of displaced persons who were to be resettled before March 31, 1951. The termination date of IRO activities was to be carried on beyond the former termination date of June 30, 1950 set by the Council. The Director-General, J. Donald Kingsley, was instructed to request the Allied High Commission in Germany to contribute to the cost of the additional program out of Deutschemark funds. The Council voted that the International Tracing Service, an activity of IRO, also was to be continued beyond June 30, 1950, but that the Director-General was to arrange a transfer of this service to the High Commission in Germany before March 31, 1951. The sixth session of the General Council was to meet in Geneva in October.

Nombreuses sont les recherches qui, dans le domaine du travail, recourent à la comparaison internationale. Elles sont un apport indéniable à la connaissance des formes que peuvent prendre les activités de travail, en montrant notamment la relativité de régularités qui peuvent sembler « naturelles » quand on se limite au cadre d'un pays. L'auteur expose ces apports mais aussi les limites et les difficultés de la méthode, en s'efforçant de faire apparaître l'enjeu qu'elle représente pour les ambitions explicatives de la sociologie. Allant de l'entreprise à l'analyse sociétale, tout en soulignant l'importance des institutions intermédiaires (comme les branches d'activité) pour la compréhension des différences et des similitudes entre les nations, il élargit la problématique par des exemples empruntés à des recherches récentes. Enfin, remettant en question le statut privilégié accordé à la « nation » par les comparaisons internationales, il essaie de poser les principes de base d'une perspective qui dépasserait les limites des comparaisons classiques.

Intro -- INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY -- INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CLIMATE CHANGE TRENDS AND GOVERNANCE: HISTORY, CONTRADICTIONS AND PROSPECTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. HISTORY OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND POLICY -- 2. POLITICAL ECONOMY CONTRADICTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE -- 3. POLICY PLANS AND PRIORITIES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 GOVERNANCE, FISCAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GOVERNANCE -- 3. GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH -- 4. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF THE LARGEST 100 NON-FINANCIAL MULTINATIONALS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHODOLOGY -- 3. RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 EFFECTS OF THE TRANSVERSAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE MEXICAN ECONOMY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORY DEVELOPMENT -- 3. METHODOLOGY -- 4. RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- ANNEX I -- Chapter 5 FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION AND PERIPHERAL STRATEGIES: RECENT EXPERIENCES IN LATIN AMERICA AND LESSONS FROM ASIA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE FINANCIAL WORLD SINCE BRETTON WOODS? -- 3. PERIPHERAL STRATEGIES IN THE FACE OF FINANCIAL INSTABILITY -- 4. TOWARDS THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS -- 5. FINAL REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 FINANCIAL AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT IN TURKEY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. TURKISH ECONOMIC BACKGROUND -- 3. FINANCIAL LIBERALISATION AND ITS IMPACT ON GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION -- 4. LIBERALIZATION PROGRAMMES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION -- 4.1. Test of Financial and Trade Liberalization on Real GDP Growth Rate -- 4.2. Test of Financial and Trade Liberalization on Gross Fixed Capital Formation Share of GDP.

Abstract
The article examines the extent to which concessionary rights are protected under three different branches of international law; traditional customary law, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, and arbitral practice under investment treaties. It reveals clear similarities with respect to when such rights are considered protected. However, it simultaneously argues that case law under investment treaties tends to adopt a less nuanced approach to the nature of such rights, almost invariably assuming them to constitute a kind of property. This again entails that the investor/concessionaire is seen to have a right to performance, and in effect to protection of his expectation interest. The article shows how this stands in contrast with a more nuanced perspective under the property provision of the echr, which better reflects the complexities of the issue under municipal law. While a failure to sufficiently respect an investor's legitimate expectations may entail liability for the state, it is not necessarily comparable to expropriation of property and will usually entail only that the investor has a right to recover his reliance loss. The article argues that this may be reflective of a more general tendency in international investment law and arbitration also pointed to by others, where the modality of protection under investment treaties threatens to distort important nuances and concerns and overprotect foreign investment compared to other private rights and interests under municipal law.