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This essay, written for a volume surveying "contemporary legal thought", provides an overview of Democratic Experimentalism, a perspective that draws on both pragmatist social theory and recent practical innovations in private and public organization. Normatively, Democratic Experimentalism aligns with process theories that emphasize the role of courts in vindicating entitlements through inducing, collaborating with, and policing institutions, rather than vindicating them directly through interpretive or policy-engineering techniques. It departs from some such theories, however, in emphasizing that practice must often take the form of continuous investigation and revision, rather than the adoption of definitive solutions already known to at least some social actors. Descriptively, Democratic Experimentalism purports to give a better account than other perspectives of important recent developments in private, public, and international law that aspire to enhance decentralization and accountability simultaneously.

This paper analyses the political career of a key executive body in the Slovenian local self-government system – the mayor. The paper first introduces incumbency advantage theories. These theories argue that the probability of electoral victory or defeat is not homogeneously distributed among the candidates, as several factors influence the possibilities of success of some candidates and the failure of others (seniority, membership of political parties, electoral performance, etc). Based on an analysis of objective data and data from an empirical survey conducted among mayors of Slovenian municipalities, we look at the re-election of mayors in Slovenian local self-government with the emphasis on their seniority. We find that the re-election of mayors is a frequent occurrence in Slovenia and is a trend that is also increasing with every local election from 1998 onward.

Cross-cultural leadership attempts to understand how leaders function in a highly globalized market. Certain dimensions of the three leadership theories: charismatic, transformational, and servant were endorsed as important for effective leadership. Major aspects of the leadership theories were compared and contrasted in three different cultures. The cultures were selected by utilizing the GLOBE study: Anglo cluster with focus on the United States, Latin America cluster with focus on Mexico, and Eastern European cluster with focus on Croatia. While certain aspects of charismatic, transformational, and servant leadership were endorsed as important for effective leadership, only certain dimensions were endorsed across the three cultures studied. Analysis of Croatia, not available in the original GLOBE study, provides a more comprehensive evaluation of leadership in the region, especially since Croatia has recently emerged as the latest country joining the European Union.

Die Bedeutung von Skandalen für ein Gemeinwesen wurde in der Vergangenheit vornehmlich in Politik- und Gesellschaftswissenschaft diskutiert. Erst in jüngerer Zeit beschäftigt sich auch die Literaturwissenschaft mit Skandalen, die im Zusammenhang mit literarischen Werken oder mit Autorinnen und Autoren entstanden. Der Beitrag setzt Autorschaftstheorie und Skandaltheorie in ein wechselseitiges Verhältnis, um die Spezifik von Autorschaftsskandalen beleuchten zu können. Dabei geht es insbesondere auch um eine Poetik des Skandals. Autoren und Autorinnen sind in dieser Perspektive nicht so sehr Auslöser von Skandalen, sondern ihre Akteure und Protagonisten. ; In the past, the role of scandals for a community has usually been discussed by the Political and Social Sciences. Only recently have scandals become a topic in Literary Studies as well. Scholars of literature have investigated scandals that were provoked by literary texts and/or their authors. The article relates theories of authorship and theories of scandal to one another in order to illuminate the specifity of scandals about authors. It discusses the poetics of the scandal and considers authors not so much as triggers of scandals but as their actors and protagonists.

JacquesLacan's poststructuralist theories of psychology have greatly affected modern understandings of the human psyche. This is evident in literary studies, where numerous thinkers – including Lacan himself – have applied these theories to better understand works of literature. One work which benefits from such an application is Ahmad Tohari's Kubah, a 1982 novel on the ex-communist Karman's seeming redemption after spending twelve years as a political prisoner. This paper will use a Lacanian psychoanalysis to show how Karman's need to find wholeness, one which has been lost since before his birth, led to his various activities, including the joining of the Communist Party and his return to Islam. Although the novel ends on a hopeful note, it will be shown that Karman has not truly found the wholeness for which he has searched.

This article brings feminist literature on anxiety and wellness to bear on the responsibilities of mothers as they are represented in a series of popular editorial publications. It seeks to deepen the interdisciplinary dialogue between these theories of affect and theories of care work by examining how popular representations of maternal responsibility reflect a contemporary "affect of motherhood" and indicate specifically that mothers might be "coming undone" under the weight of a shared, political anxiety that they are encouraged to feel individually. It is argued that the newly complex and competing labours of mothers, and mothers' complicity in and resistance to these labours, can only be understood in the context of public anxiety. It asks what is at stake for the most disenfranchised women when it comes to recognizing and resisting today's intensified forms of maternal responsibility.

This article explains the failure of Pegida Austria as a social movement organization by testing three prominent theories of social movement theory: political opportunity structures, ideology, and resource mobilization. The failure of Pegida to play a role in Austrian politics is ascribed to the dominant role the Freedom Party (FPÖ) already plays in the Austrian parliament, the FPÖ's issue dominance on anti-immigration and Islamophobia in public discourse, and the relative scarcity of individuals capable of mass mobilization outside the spectrum of political parties. The analysis is based on a crucial-case study that does a comparative content analysis of the FPÖ and Pegida platforms to assess the ideology argument. The political opportunity and human resource arguments are analyzed with process tracing. The findings reveal that all three theories jointly help to explain the failure of Pegida Austria.

In 1888, two conferences addressed the institutionalization of children. At the National Conference of Charities and Corrections, philanthropists determined that American and western European immigrant children whose parents were unable or unwilling to care for them should be protected from institutionalization and placed in foster homes. Conversely, the philanthropists and religious missionaries who met at the annual Lake Mohonk Conference concluded that American Indian children should be institutionalized in off-reservation boarding schools. Although both groups of children were depicted as a threat to social order at the conferences, presenters at the National Conference of Charities and Corrections used new theories of childhood development to oppose the institutionalization of American and western European children. At the Lake Mohonk Conference, presenters used theories of American Indians' racial inferiority to justify American Indian children's institutionalization in off-reservation boarding schools.

Bernie Mayer's latest book is an excellent journey into seven key dilemmas in conflict. Mayer devotes a chapter to each of the following dilemmas: Competition and Cooperation, Optimism and Realism, Avoidance and Engagement, Principle and Compromise, Emotions and Logic, Impartiality and Advocacy, and Autonomy and Community. In this review, I suggest that the book is a thorough guide through seemingly diverse and opposing conflict theories. I go through each chapter and detail how Mayer sees these concepts as interwoven instead of oppositional. He walks his readers through what have been thought of as distinctive, even opposing, approaches, theories, and concepts of conflict. The review uses points and quotes from all seven dilemmas to show the depth of Mayer's analysis and the numerous benefits to theorists and practitioners of reading and rereading his book.

The present text is an intertextual analysis of Neil Smith's affirmation wherein he states the uneven development as the main characteristic of the geography of capitalism. The main goal is to effectively validate Smith's affirmation by contrasting his hypothesis with the authors and theories in political economy that offer relevant arguments to the discussion. A brief historic framework is drawn to account for the history of the geography of capitalism underlying four main periods: the agrarian capitalism, the 19th century, Keynesian Consensus and neoliberal era. Some of the most important authors in the theories of uneven and combined development are used to draw a line tracking the inequalities intentionally created from the dispossession, to the modernization and neoliberal practice of capital accumulation fostered by increasing inequalities in the context of uneven development.

This article brings feminist literature on anxiety and wellness to bear on the responsibilities of mothers as they are represented in a series of popular editorial publications. It seeks to deepen the interdisciplinary dialogue between these theories of affect and theories of care work by examining how popular representations of maternal responsibility reflect a contemporary "affect of motherhood" and indicate specifically that mothers might be "coming undone" under the weight of a shared, political anxiety that they are encouraged to feel individually. It is argued that the newly complex and competing labours of mothers, and mothers' complicity in and resistance to these labours, can only be understood in the context of public anxiety. It asks what is at stake for the most disenfranchised women when it comes to recognizing and resisting today's intensified forms of maternal responsibility.

This dissertation draws on organizational theory and the sociology of knowledge to explore of the politics surrounding innovations. I examine three cases of innovation within organizational fields: laboratory biology in nineteenth-century Germany, alternative medicine in the antebellum United States, and the contemporary global market for asset-backed securities. Institutionalist theories suggest that change is set in motion by exogenous shocks, whereas relational theories treat change as the product of endogenous shifts in patterns of interaction. For each case, I bring together archival sources and quantitative analysis to investigate how organizations' environment and networks predict the emergence of new field positions. I find that exogenous shocks can disrupt existing field positions, but new positions only coalesce when innovators are linked together through shared networks. The results carry implications for organizational theory, economic sociology, and the sociology of science.

Short description of the paper: To Reveal E.Fromm developed in social and political criticism of the content and its compatibility with the theories of the Frankfurt School. E.Fromm has little attetion in Lithuania as member of Frakfurt school member, so in this work is deeply delves into E.Fromm work as Frankfurt school member and one of the bigest book about destructivness "THE ANATOMY OF HUMAN DESTRUKTIVNESS". Whit this book critical analize I want to emphasize E. Fromm the importance of Frankfurt school member. Objectives: 1. Overview of E. Fromm psychoanalytic theories and psychotherapeutic treatment criticism. 2. Arrange E.Fromm social and political criticism of ideas and content. 3. Analyze E.Fromm anatomy of human destructiveness Frankfurt criticism in the context of Nazism 4. Arrange the Frankfurt school to develop Western Marxism guidelines. 5. Disclose E.Fromm and the Frankfurt School ideas interfaces.

Thema der Dissertation ist die Außenpolitik Israels in Subsahara-Afrika. Die Aktivitäten Israels werden in den Bereichen Diplomatie, Entwicklungshilfe, Handel und militärische Beziehungen mit Hilfe des Modells Strategischen Handelns analysiert. Ziel ist es zu untersuchen, welche Strategie Israel in Subsahara-Afrika verfolgt und welche Ursachen für diese vorliegen. Dazu werden zusätzlich leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews durchgeführt. Den theoretischen Rahmen bildet im Bereich der Theorien Internationaler Beziehungen der Neorealismus, der in seinen verschiedenen Ausprägungen diskutiert wird. Weiterhin wird die Frage erörtert, ob der Neorealismus auch als Theorie von Außenpolitik eingesetzt werden kann. Es konnte ein umfangreiches Engagement Israels in Subsahara-Afrika festgestellt werden. Dieses reicht von engen diplomatischen Kontakten über intensive Entwicklungshilfe in zahlreichen Ländern in den Bereichen Bildung, Medizin und Infrastruktur bis hin zu Rüstungsexporten (insbesondere nach Angola und Nigeria) und militärischen Kooperationen (vor allem mit Kenia und Äthiopien). Des Weiteren konnte eine Zusammenarbeit im Bereich der Geheimdienste identifiziert werden. Die Ziele Israels sind dabei vielfältig. In der Afrikanischen Union strebt Israel nach einem Beobachterstatus und in den verschiedenen Organen der Vereinten Nationen möchte Israel Stimmen der afrikanischen Länder für sich gewinnen. Arabische und iranische Einflussnahme sollen auf diesem Weg verhindert werden. Die Strategie Israels deckt sich in großen Teilen mit den Annahmen und Folgerungen des Neorealismus. So führt die Anarchie des internationalen Systems ohne regulative Instanz zu einem Machtstreben Israels, das sich trotz der Allianz mit den USA oder Europa größtmögliche Autonomie bewahren will.

Short description of the paper: To Reveal E.Fromm developed in social and political criticism of the content and its compatibility with the theories of the Frankfurt School. E.Fromm has little attetion in Lithuania as member of Frakfurt school member, so in this work is deeply delves into E.Fromm work as Frankfurt school member and one of the bigest book about destructivness "THE ANATOMY OF HUMAN DESTRUKTIVNESS". Whit this book critical analize I want to emphasize E. Fromm the importance of Frankfurt school member. Objectives: 1. Overview of E. Fromm psychoanalytic theories and psychotherapeutic treatment criticism. 2. Arrange E.Fromm social and political criticism of ideas and content. 3. Analyze E.Fromm anatomy of human destructiveness Frankfurt criticism in the context of Nazism 4. Arrange the Frankfurt school to develop Western Marxism guidelines. 5. Disclose E.Fromm and the Frankfurt School ideas interfaces.