Suchergebnisse

Electoral processes do not escape the digital transformation that our society is undergoing. The necessary adaptation of electoral regulations to the use of digital technologies implies respect for personal data protection regulations and the existence of adequate guarantees that prevent political parties from manipulating citizens' votes for the information they know or get to know about them through the Internet. The modification of article 58.bis).1 of Organic Law 5/1985, of the General Electoral System (LOREG), allowing political parties to collect personal data related to the political opinions of citizens, provoked fromheadlines, citizen criticism and interesting debates by experts in the field to the proposal by the Ombudsman of an appeal of unconstitutionality against said possibility. The Constitutional Court in the Jugdment 76/2019 ends the debate by manifesting not only the unconstitutionality of the contested precept, but also by demonstrating the importance of protecting citizens' personal data with due guarantees, especially when these data are a reflection of their political ideology and their treatment affects the correct democratic functioning of our State. ; Los procesos electorales no escapan a la transformación digital que vive nuestra sociedad. La necesaria adecuación de la normativa electoral al uso de las tecnologías digitales implica el respeto a la normativa de protección de datos personales y la existencia de garantías adecuadas que eviten la manipulación del voto de los ciudadanos por lo que los partidos políticos conozcan o lleguen a conocer de ellos a través de Internet. La modificación del artículo 58.bis).1 de la Ley Orgánica 5/1985, del Régimen Electoral General (LOREG), permitiendo a los partidos políticos recoger datos personales relacionados con las opiniones políticas de los ciudadanos, provocó desde titulares de prensa, críticas ciudadanas e interesantes debates de expertos en la materia hasta el planteamiento por parte del Defensor del Pueblo de un recurso de ...

In 2001, following a generation of armed conflict and authoritarian rule, the Peruvian state created a Truth and Reconciliation Committee (TRC). Pascha Bueno-Hansen places the TRC, feminist and human rights movements, and related non-governmental organisations within an international and historical context to expose the difficulties in addressing gender-based violence

Right-wing populism and extremism present challenges for trade unions throughout Europe. This article reports findings from a representative survey and group interviews with union members in Germany. Far right attitudes are neither more nor less widespread among union members as a whole than in the population at large, but there are considerable differences within the membership. In particular, skilled workers as well as middle managers who are union members are significantly more inclined to extremist attitudes than non-unionists. The article discusses these results and presents several conclusions regarding future trade union policy.

This interdisciplinary volume examines the relationship between secularism, freedom of religion and human rights in legal, theoretical, historical and political perspective. It brings together chapters from leading scholars of human rights, law and religion, political theory, religious studies and history, and provides insights into the state of the debate about the relationship between these concepts. Comparative in orientation, its chapters draw on constitutional and political discourses and experience not only from Western Europe and the United States, but also from India, the Arab world, and Malaysia

Chapter 6 Smart Commons or a "Smart Approach" to the Commons?Introduction; Commons and Commoning; Maintaining and Defending the Commons in the Smart City; Google-Waze: A Matter of Collective Intelligence; Chattanooga, the "Gig City"; OWN: Informality and Commoning; Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgment; References; Chapter 7 Against the Romance of the Smart Community: The Case of Milano 4 You; Introduction; Community, Capitalism, and Consumption; Smart Milan; A Smart Community of Residents?; Toward a Dialectical Understanding of the "Smart Community"; Acknowledgment; References

The death penalty is like no other punishment. Its continued existence in many countries of the world creates political tensions within these countries and between governments of retentionist and abolitionist countries. After the Second World War, more and more countries have abolished the death penalty. This article argues that the major determinants of this global trend towards abolition are political, a claim which receives support in a quantitative cross-national analysis from 1950 to 2002. Democracy, democratisation, international political pressure on retentionist countries and peer group effects in relatively abolitionist regions all raise the likelihood of abolition. There is also a partisan effect, as abolition becomes more likely if the chief executive's party is left wing-oriented. Cultural, social and economic determinants receive only limited support. The global trend towards abolition will go on if democracy continues to spread around the world and abolitionist countries stand by their commitment to press for abolition all over the world. Adapted from the source document.

International audience ; In the current era of globalization, the world is diversifying as never before. Inequalities in economic, social, spiritual, political and civil matters characterise daily life. Estimates consider 80% of global disease burden lies in "developing" or low-income countries, based on crude calculations by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) [1]. And measures do not seem to be in place to redress these inequalities. For instance, the Commission on Health Research Development estimated, albeit several years ago, that 90% of all global research and development expenditure is dedicated to 10% of the world's disease burden, primarily concentrated in wealthier countries [2]. Today, there may be a new climate of awareness maturing. Governments representing "developed" or high-income countries often discuss the urgent need to help the world's poorest or rescue the "bottom billion" from devastating illness [3-4]. However the optimistic rhetoric is not always matched by foreign policy and international trade agreements (consider TRIPS [5], the World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of International Property Rights Agreement consolidating strict patent rules worldwide with significant impact on access to essential medicines). The following perspective provides a comprehensive overview of the right to health and proposes a human rights-based approach to health as a sustainable framework that transcends borders for justice in healthcare.

Ever since the constitutional revolution of the 1930s, constitutional law and theory have been dominated by questions of civil rights. The expansion of rights under the Warren Court constituted a deep-seated shift in judicial attitudes that has proved remarkably stable over time. Despite protests in some quarters that the Burger Court (1969–1986) and the current Rehnquist Court have undermined civil rights recognized during the Warren Court era (1953–1969), the fact is that the changes have been surprisingly marginal. Even precedents that were widely believed to be endangered species a decade ago – such asMirandaandRoe v. Wade– continue in force, although they have indeed been pruned back. Despite their importance, however, these high-profile cases do not go to the core of the Supreme Court's agenda. The core is epitomized byBrown v. Board of Educationon the one hand, representing an aggressive and interventionist attitude toward government discrimination against discrete minorities, and footnote four of theCarotene Productscase, on the other hand, representing an extraordinarily deference to the political process with respect to economic regulation. The Rehnquist Court's commitment to this core agenda is not dramatically different than that of its predecessors, at least not when the broad sweep of constitutional law is taken into account.