Suchergebnisse

Kebekuan perkembangan hukum Islam daripertengahan abad IV H – XII H menimbulkan'kegelisahan intelektual' sekaligus memancarkansemangat ijtihâd di kalangan kaum Muslim. Dalamsemangat ijtihâd inilah, Indonesia berhasil menyusunKHI, yang tema utamanya adalah mempositifkanhukum Islam di Indonesia. Kitab-kitab yang digunakandalam merumuskan KHI tersebut berjumlah 38 kitab.Dari hasil penelusuran terhadap kitab-kitab yangdigunakan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa kebanyakandari mereka adalah kitab-kitab fiqh madzhab Syâfi'î.Sedangkan sebagian lainnya merupakan kitab-kitab fiqhmadzhab Hanafî, Mâlikî, Hanbalî, Dzahirî, dan Syî'ah.Di samping itu, juga terdapat kitab-kitab perbandingandan tanpa madzhab. Penggunaan kitab-kitab dariberbagai madzhab tersebut dapat dipahami sebagaikeinginan untuk mempercepat proses taqrîb bayn alummahsehingga pertentangan antar madzhab dapatdihindari dan diarahkan kepada perpaduan dankesatuan kaidah dan nilai.

This paper looks into the historic development of political Islam in Bangladesh, the third largest Muslim country of the world. Identifying origins and sociology of Bengali Muslims, this paper finds that development of political Islam took place in Bangladesh mainly in four phases: the Turkish war and the founding of the Khilafat movement during the First World War; the Oil crisis in the 1970s and the boost of Islamic institutions and practices in Bangladesh's political discourse, mainly supported by the Middle Eastern countries; the Soviet–Afghanistan war and its linkage with Bangladeshi radicals in the 1990s; and by the globalization of war between Al-Qayeda and West and its implication on Bangladesh through the rise of extreme groups.

Currently, the procedural democracy has been institutionalizing around developing countries whose lslam is major belief. Human rights also become main issues among each Islamic developing country. lslamic value produced historical background of Islamic leadership, the concept of human relation; theological transcendence, individuality, and sociality. Democracy also produced their regulation of power relation, freedom, equality, humanity and sociality. In those democratic countries, human right also produced the practical conceptualization of human right values of individuality and sociality. The philosophical and theological contestntion has been standing different interpretation and belief among lslamic values, democracy and human rights of political actors. This paper will explore the philosophical and theological contestation of Islamic value, democracy and human rights.

North Halmahera is an expansion area of Ternate Sultanate, a Muslim state in eastern Indonesia. This study focuses on archaeological evidence to explain the process and development of the influence of Islamic Ternate Sultanate in that region. Through archaeological surveys, literature studies and interviews, gathered evidence on the influence of Islam in the region, especially its relation to the political power and economic factor of the Ternate Sultanate, as the center of Islamic power in North Maluku. The result shows that the east coast of North Halmahera, including Tobelo, Galela and Kao, is an expansion area of Ternate's Islamic rule that developed since the 16th century AD, even the evidence of the region under Ternate's rule can still be found today. Halmahera Utara merupakan wilayah kekuasaan Kesultanan Ternate, sebuah kerajaan Islam di Indonesia bagian timur. Kajian ini menitikberatkan pada bukti-bukti arkeologis untuk menjelaskan proses dan perkembangan pengaruh Islam Kesultanan Ternate di wilayah tersebut. Melalui survei arkeologi, studi literatur dan wawancara, dikumpulkan bukti-bukti tentang pengaruh Islam di wilayah tersebut, terutama hubungannya dengan faktor politik kekuasaan dan ekonomi Kesultanan Ternate, sebagai pusat kekuasaan Islam di Maluku Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wilayah pesisir timur Halmahera Utara, meliputi Tobelo, Galela dan Kao, merupakan wilayah ekspansi kekuasaan Islam Ternate yang berkembang sejak abad 16 M, bahkan bukti-bukti wilayah tersebut dibawah kekuasaan Ternate masih dapat dijumpai hingga sekarang.

Dakwah Islam di tanah Jawa yang tidak terlepas dari peran serta tokoh-tokoh agama Jawa yang dikenal dengan sebutan wali atau sunan. Sikap bijak dari para wali dalam mengislamkan tanah Jawa selama enam abad merupakan salah satu kemampuan mereka dalam beradaptasi dengan rasa dan cara hidup masyarakat sekitar sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya proses akulturasi. Keterlibatan budaya lokal dalam proses dakwah Islam sebagaimana terjadi di Masjid Sunan Ampel telah menjadi perhatian dari para antropolog dan sosiolog baik lokal maupun internasional. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk mengungkap bentuk-bentuk sinkretisme di Masjid Sunan Ampel sebagai bukti akulturasi Islam dan Jawa Hindu. Menggunakan bingkai metodologi kualitatif, penelitian ini mengambil data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa narasumber kunci, yaitu orang-orang yang mengetahui sejarah Masjid Ampel dan segala aktivitasnya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa bentuk sinkretisme di Masjid Sunan Ampel, baik secara fisik arsitektur masjid maupun kegiatan- kegiatan yang dilaksanakan di masjid. Paradigma sinkretisme kemudian, dalam praktik tradisi Islam- Jawa oleh di masjid Sunan Ampel Surabaya, adalah manifestasi politis Islam yang toleran terhadap kultur masyarakat Jawa. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kyai bukanlah cultural broker atau makelar budaya, seperti yang disampaikan salah seorang peneliti terdahulu, karena peran kyai di masjid Sunan Ampel sejak berdiri sampai sekarang adalah memberikan bentuk-bentuk tradisi asketis berupa tradisi kreasi sinkretis Islam-Jawa.Kata kunci: akulturasi, Islam-Jawa, sinkretisme, Sunan Ampel

The purpose of this study to the know efforts of Sultan Fatah in developed Islam in Java. This study used historical research methods with literature and documentation techniques. The techniques off data analysis used qualitative data analysis. Based on the research results obtained data that the Sultan Fatah in the development of Islam has managed to build a political power during his reign. The occurrence of Islamic development during the reign of Sultan Fatah influenced the life of the society to be replaced by the new changes of the Buddhist Shiva era and replaced it with the Islamic era. Sultan Fatah developed Islam in Java by extending the region, defending the kingdom, and applying the Islamic law.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui usaha Sultan Fatah dalam mengembangkan agama Islam di Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian historis dengan teknik kepustakaan dan teknik dokumentasi. Teknikan alisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif .Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh data bahwa Sultan Fatah dalam pengembangan agama Islam telah berhasil membangun sebuah kekuasaan politik pada masa pemerintahannya. Terjadinya pengembangan Islam pada masa kekuasaan Sultan Fatah yang mempengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat untuk digantikan dengan perubahan yang baru dari zaman Syiwa Budha dan menggantikannya dengan zaman Islam. Sultan Fatah mengembangkan Islam di Jawa dengan cara memperluas wilayah, mempertahankan kerajaan, dan menerapkan hukum Islam.Kata kunci: pengembangan, peranan, sultan fatah

Religious violence is a term that covers phenomena where religion, in its diversity, is either the subject or object of violent behaviour. Religious violence is, specifically, violence that is motivated by or in reaction to religious precepts, texts, or doctrines. Islam has been associated with violence in a variety of contexts, including Jihads (holy wars), violent acts by Muslims against perceived enemies of Islam, violence against women ostensibly supported by Islam's tenets, references to violence in the Qur'an, and acts of terrorism motivated and/or justified by Islam. Muslims, including clerics and leaders have used Islamic ideas, concepts, texts, and themes to justify violence. One among popular religious violence in Islamic History is mihnah (inquisition). To socialize Mu'tazilah teaching, Al-Ma'mun and his successors managed Mihnah or inquisition, that is the dispersion of this belief and teachings forcefully and even violently. As the ruler, Al Ma'mun thought that it was his duty to maintain the purity of the religion and the truth enforcement in the state community. As described in this article, Mihna is a kind of intellectual violence conducted by Mu'tazilah and Al-Ma'mun as a kind of coalition between religion and politics.

"In a book written with the poignancy and beauty appropriate to its subject matter, the author opens by reminding us that the essence of a society is in a sense identical with its history. Classical Islam also serves as a reminder that in the case of Islam, despite its triumphs on the fields of battle, telling its history is the only way open to us to render that essence accessible and show it from all sides. The work offers a grand narrative of a faith that offers an interpretation of the world, a way of life, and a style of thinking, that goes far beyond institutional or political supports. The relevance of this historical perspective is beyond dispute. The period from 610 A.D. when Muhammad received his call until the conquest of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258 is known as the classical period of Islam. This was the period of the great expansion of Islam both as a political structure and as a religious and intellectual community. It established the base for the development of the high Islamic civilization of North Africa, the Near East, Persia, and India, as well as further expansion of the Islamic religious and intellectual community throughout the world. This book presents an authoritative history of the period written by one of the world's leading experts on the subject. Classical Islam examines the relationships, both cultural and political, between the Islamic world and the Mediterranean countries and India and elaborates on the economic, social, and intellectual factors and forces that shaped the Muslim world and molded its interactions with infidels. The work is written in a clear and direct narrative form, emphasizing simultaneously the major intellectual trends and the political events and tendencies of the formative period in Islamic history that still resonates today."--Provided by publisher