Suchergebnisse

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, sólo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiera, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM ; Multi-particle azimuthal cumulants are measured as a function of centrality and transverse momentum using 470 μb−1 of Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. These cumulants provide information on the event-by-event fluctuations of harmonic flow coefficients vn and correlated fluctuations between two harmonics vn and vm. For the first time, a non-zero four-particle cumulant is observed for dipolar flow, v1. The four-particle cumulants for elliptic flow, v2, and triangular flow, v3, exhibit a strong centrality dependence and change sign in ultra-central collisions. This sign change is consistent with significant non-Gaussian fluctuations in v2 and v3. The four-particle cumulant for quadrangular flow, v4, is found to change sign in mid-central collisions. Correlations between two harmonics are studied with three- and four-particle mixed-harmonic cumulants, which indicate an anti-correlation between v2 and v3, and a positive correlation between v2 and v4. These correlations decrease in strength towards central collisions and either approach zero or change sign in ultra-central collisions. To investigate the possible flow fluctuations arising from intrinsic centrality or volume fluctuations, the results are compared between two different event classes used for centrality definitions. In peripheral and mid-central collisions where the cumulant signals are large, only small differences are observed. In ultra-central collisions, the differences are much larger and transverse momentum dependent. These results provide new information to disentangle flow fluctuations from the initial and final states, as well as new insights on the influence of centrality fluctuations ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; ˇ MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Sk lodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d' Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom

© 2020 by the authors. ; The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of physical activity (PA) and the degree of obesity with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who participated in the Predimed-Plus study. A total of 6875 subjects between 55 and 75 years of age with MetS were selected and randomized in 23 Spanish centers. Subjects were classified according to categories of body mass index (BMI). PA was measured with the validated Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) questionnaire and subjects were classified according to their PA level (light, moderate, vigorous) and the HRQoL was measured with the validated short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. By using the ANOVA model, we found a positive and statistically significant association between the level of PA and the HRQoL (aggregated physical and mental dimensions p < 0.001), but a negative association with higher BMI in aggregated physical dimensions p < 0.001. Furthermore, women obtained lower scores compared with men, more five points in all fields of SF-36. Therefore, it is essential to promote PA and body weight control from primary care consultations to improve HRQoL, paying special attention to the differences that sex incurs ; The Predimed-Plus trial was supported by the Spanish government's official funding agency for biomedical research, ISCIII, through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (three coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/0147, PI14/00636, PI14/00972, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, PI19/01,332), the Special Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-PLUS grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013–2018; 340918) grant to Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez, the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó (2013ACUP00194), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018), the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana, the SEMERGEN grant and FEDER funds (CB06/03 and CB12/03), Olga Castaner is funded by the JR17/00,022 grant, ISCIII. Christopher Papandreou is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship granted by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia (PERIS 2016–2020 Incorporació de Científics i Tecnòlegs, SLT002/0016/00,428). María Rosa Bernal-Lopez was supported by "Miguel Servet Type I" program (CP15/00028) from the ISCIII-Madrid (Spain), cofinanced by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER, Ignacio M.Giménez-Alba is supported by a FPU predoctoral contract (reference FPU18/01703) from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain. ; Peer reviewed

Social programs as an initiative aimed at improving the quality of life of the population always represent a great challenge for the planning of governments highlighting the great requirement of resources for their execution, in this area they will always be limited and in order to maximize the possibilities to reach the established goals the conception of strategic alliance arises that for this work is centered between the state and the academy. The Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion (MIES), promotes actions to give greater prominence and participation to the youth population in the generation of public policies. In 2015, the "Leónidas Proaño" mission was implemented to link university students to institutional services to execute their pre-professional practices. The Azogues Headquarters Academic Health and Welfare Unit, in response to the requirements of District 1 of the MIES Azogues, planned the execution of the project Intervention in health of children and families of the Growing Up with Our Children Program, with the objective of contributing to improve the health condition of the children who attend this program. Among the participants are students of Medicine, Nursing, Biopharmacy, teachers of UCACUE, Educators, children from 0 to 60 months and parents of the Growing Up with Our Children program. The value of associating has allowed us to project a greater visibility of activities related to society, among which are: 2313 children evaluated in their nutritional status, development, hemoglobin tests and co-parasitic exams. Additionally, parents and / or representatives have received health education in complementary feeding, infection prevention and infection. ; Los programas sociales, como iniciativa orientada a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población, representan siempre un gran desafío para la planificación de los gobiernos, destacando el gran requerimiento de recursos para su ejecución, que, en este ámbito, siempre resultarán limitados. Con la finalidad de maximizar las posibilidades de alcanzar las metas establecidas, surge la concepción de alianza estratégica que para este trabajo se centre entre el estado y la academia. El Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social (MIES), impulsa acciones para dar mayor protagonismo y participación a la población juvenil en la generación de las políticas públicas. En el año 2015 se implementó la misión "Leónidas Proaño", para vincular a los estudiantes universitarios a los servicios institucionales para ejecutar sus prácticas pre-profesionales. La Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar de la Sede Azogues, en respuesta a los requerimientos del Distrito 1 del MIES Azogues, planificó la ejecución del proyecto Intervención en salud de niños, niñas y familias del Programa Creciendo con Nuestros Hijos, con el objetivo de contribuir a mejorar la condición de salud de los niños y niñas que asisten a este programa. Entre los participantes se cuentan estudiantes de Medicina, Enfermería, Biofarmacia, docentes de la UCACUE, educadoras, niños de 0 a 60 meses y padres de familia del programa Creciendo con nuestros Hijos. El valor de asociarse ha permitido proyectar una mayor visibilidad de actividades de vinculación con la sociedad entre los que se destacan: 2313 niños evaluados en su estado nutricional, desarrollo, pruebas de hemoglobina y exámenes copro-parasitarios. Adicionalmente los padres y/o representantes han recibido educación para la salud en alimentación complementaria, prevención de infecciones y de infecciones.

This paper investigates the implication of economic recession on the infrastructural development using Ikare, Akoko, Ondo state as a case study. The study posits that infrastructural facilities are a potent indicator of socio-economic performance of a region and could be understood from the perspective of economic recession, which undoubtedly affects and determines both the welfare, advancement, economy and political sphere of a region. The first stage in the collection of primary data was the reconnaissance survey of eleven wards of the city. Fifteen copies of the questionnaire were administered in each ward, making a total of one hundred and sixty-five questionnaires; on the whole, 153 questionnaires were retrieved for the analysis. The study also adopted secondary sources of data and analyzed them both descriptively and inferentially. The research revealed that economic recession had impacted negatively on access to power supply, transportation and health status of the respondents. Furthermore, the paper found out that economic recession had an unpleasant effect on the housing and educational facilities in the study area. Moreover, the research showed an unpronounced effect of the economic recession on portable water supply and telecommunication of the respondents. The Chi-Square test carried on the effect of economic recession on infrastructural facilities, revealed the calculated value 48, while the tabulated Chi-Square value is 0.1036. This shows that economic recession makes significant impacts on the infrastructural facilities of Ikare Akoko, Ondo State. Also, it was vivid from the research that the government's efforts to alleviate the problems of economic recession oninfrastructural facilities are commendable. The paper recommends more tripartite governmental investment at local, state and federal levels in the infrastructural sector of the economy, also, the existing infrastructure should be adequately maintained by the concerted efforts of the populace and governments. ; Autorzy badają skutki jakie niesie ze sobą recesja gospodarcza i jej wpływ na rozwój infrastruktury, wykorzystując Ikare, Akoko w stanie Ondo jako studium przypadku. W badaniu przyjęto, że obiekty infrastrukturalne są ważnym wskaźnikiem wydolności społeczno-ekonomicznej regionu i mogą być rozumiane z perspektywy recesji gospodarczej, która niewątpliwie wpływa i określa zarówno dobrobyt, postęp, gospodarkę jak i sferę polityczną danego regionu. Pierwszym etapem zbierania danych źródłowych było przeprowadzenie sondażu rozpoznawczego jedenastu dzielnic miasta. Użyto piętnaście kopii kwestionariusza w każdej z dzielnic, co dało łącznie sto sześćdziesiąt pięć kwestionariuszy, z czego odzyskano 153 do dalszej analizy. W badaniu wykorzystano również dane z opracowań. Były one analizowane zarówno opisowo jak i do opracowania wniosków. Badanie ujawniło, że recesja gospodarcza miała rzeczywisty negatywny wpływ na zaopatrzenie w energię, transport i stan zdrowia respondentów. Dodatkowo, odkryto, że recesja gospodarcza wywarła negatywny wpływ na obiekty mieszkalne i te związane z edukacją na obszarze objętym badaniami. Ponadto, badania wykazały pewien wpływ recesji na dostawy wody pitnej oraz usługi telekomunikacyjne dla respondentów. Test chi-kwadrat przeprowadzony w celu rozpoznania wpływu recesji gospodarczej na obiekty infrastruktury wykazał obliczoną wartość 48, podczas gdy tabelaryczna wartość chi-kwadrat wyniosła 0.1036. To pokazuje, że recesja gospodarcza ma znaczący wpływ na obiekty infrastruktury Ikare Akoko. Również, badanie wyraźnie pokazało, że wysiłki rządów aby złagodzić wpływ recesji gospodarczej na obiekty infrastruktury są godne pochwały. W swoim artykule, autorzy zalecają więcej trójstronnych rządowych inwestycji w sektorze infrastruktury gospodarki na poziomach państwowym i federalnym,a istniejąca infrastruktura powinna być odpowiednio utrzymywana wspólnym wysiłkiem ludności i rządów.

The Turkish Code of Commerce (TCC) numbered 6102 contains numerous radical regulations as reforms in the Turkish company law. One of these provi­sions is the TCC A.125 which regulates the capacity of commercial companies to have rights and obligations. This article deals with the ultra vires principle which was transferred to the Continental European law system, including the Turkish legislation from the UK law system. The ultra vires principle had previously ex­pired in the continental European legal system (in particular the Swiss Code of Obligations) which has inspired the TCC as a referring codification. As a result of these developments by the TCC A.125, in contrast to the ultra vires principle, commercial companies are allowed to be entitled and liable for all kinds of mat­ters, except those which are human-specific. For this reason, companies' legal per­sonalities may have the capacity to have rights and obligations in matters other than their fields of operation. In other words, thanks to the TCC A.135, the ultra vires principle has been abandoned. It can be assumed that harmonization be­tween the TCC and the EU directives has been achieved in the sense of abolishing the ultra vires principle. However, when several provisions randomly scattered in the TCC are taken into consideration, it is obviously seen that the legislator still accepts the field of operation issue as a criterion in about 20 articles. This leads to a question about the actual abolishment of the ultra vires principle. To put it brief­ly, the legislator's choice in the new company law regime shows that the TCC has not abandoned the ultra vires principle completely, but it still retains its validity in a hidden way by only changing its form and scope. ; Turecki kodeks handlowy (TCC) oznaczony numerem 6102 zawiera szereg radykalnych rozwiązań przewidzianych jako reformy tureckiego prawa spółek. Jednym z takich przepisów jest art. 125 TCC, który odnosi się do zdolności praw­nej spółek handlowych. Artykuł ten porusza kwestię zasady ultra vires, która zo­stała inkorporowana do europejskiego kontynentalnego systemu prawnego, włą­czając turecki system prawny z porządku prawnego Zjednoczonego Królestwa. Jednakże zasada ta z czasem została uznana za wygasłą w ramach europejskiego kontynentalnego systemu prawnego (w szczególności w szwajcarskim kodeksie zobowiązań), co z kolei zainspirowało ustawodawcę tureckiego do zmian w ko­dyfikacji. Wynikiem tych działań, na podstawie art. 125 TCC, sprzecznie z zasadą ultra vires, spółki handlowe mają zdolność do bycia podmiotem praw i obowiąz­ków w szerokim zakresie, z wyłączeniem kwestii zarezerwowanych wyłącznie dla osób fizycznych. Z tego powodu w ramach osobowości prawnej przedsiębiorstw mogą one być uzdolnione do bycia podmiotem praw i obowiązków w sprawach wykraczających poza ich własny zakres działalności. Innymi słowy, za sprawą art. 125 TCC koncepcja stosowania zasady ultra vires została porzucona. Można zatem dojść do konkluzji, że dostosowanie TCC do dyrektyw Unii Europejskiej w kwestii zniesienia zasady ultra vires zostało osiągnięte. Jednak biorąc pod uwa­gę szereg przepisów z różnych części Kodeksu, widoczne staje się, że ustawo­dawca wciąż uznaje przesłankę zakresu prowadzonej działalności jako warunek w ok. 20 przepisach prawnych. To z kolei prowadzi do pytania o rzeczywiste wyłączenie zasady ultra vires. Konkludując, należy stwierdzić, że wprowadzony przez ustawodawcę nowy reżim prawa handlowego jasno wskazuje, że Kodeks handlowy nie wyłączył zasady ultra vires w całości, a utrzymując jej stosowanie w sposób ukryty, jedynie zmienił jej zakres.

Russian-Belarus political and economic integration was one of the basic factors of the forming of the neo-authoritarian regime in Belarus. Russian economic support for president Lukashenko provided rapid winding up of democratic transformation in Belarus and preserved the administrative managing of the national economy. For a long period, Belarus society had been stuck in the soviet style of political life. At the same time, such a style of the political system allowed Russia to keep Belarus in the sphere of its cultural and geopolitical influence. As a result, Belarus was hardly open to a constructive relations with the West, and regular political repressions kept the country isolated. During the second period of Lukashenko's authoritarian rule, when the Russian policy got significantly more aggressive, the integration became destructive for Belarusian statehood. It is evident that Moscow has been trying to realize an idea to restore some kind of a new empire project, and uses different tools to achieve the goal. It might be said that integration is one of the mechanisms of a hybrid war which Russia wages against post-Soviet republics. Taking into consideration that Belarus has not developed full economic and political relations with the West, its economic and political system is widely dependent on Russia, which puts Belarus in a difficult, critical position. The continuation of the integration with Russia may result in the loss of Belarus' independence. Even though Lukashenko has been able to resist Kremlin's insistence on the "deeper integration", Belarus is still a part of the Union State, and stability of the political and economic system of the country depends on Russian support. No doubt, Moscow will continue its policy of wider control and subordination of Belarus. ; Rosyjsko-białoruska integracja, zarówno polityczna, jak i ekonomiczna, była jednym z podstawowych czynników, stojących u podstaw neo-autorytarnego reżimu na Białorusi. Rosyjskie wsparcie ekonomiczne dla prezydenta Łukaszenki zapewniło gwałtowne zakończenie zmian demokratycznych na Białorusi i pozwoliło utrzymać odgórne zarządzanie narodową gospodarką. Przez długi czas społeczeństwo białoruskie utknęło w sowieckim stylu życia politycznego. Jednocześnie taki właśnie styl polityczny umożliwił Rosji zatrzymanie Białorusi w swojej strefie wpływów, geopolitycznych i kulturalnych. W rezultacie Białoruś prawie nie była otwarta na konstruktywne relacje z Zachodem, a regularne represje polityczne utrzymywały ten kraj w izolacji. W drugim okresie autorytarnych rządów Łukaszenki, kiedy polityka Rosji stała się wyraźnie bardziej agresywna, integracja z Rosją stała zaczęła wyniszczać białoruską państwowość. Oczywistym jest, że Moskwa od jakiegoś czasu próbuje wcielić w życie ideę odtworzenia swego rodzaju nowego imperium, i chwyta się różnych narzędzi, żeby osiągnąć ten cel. Można powiedzieć, że taka integracja jest jednym z mechanizmów wojny hybrydowej, prowadzonej przez Rosję przeciwko postsowieckim republikom. Zważywszy na to, że Białoruś nie rozwinęła w pełni ekonomicznych i politycznych relacji z Zachodem, jej system ekonomiczny i polityczny jest w dużym zakresie zależny od Rosji, co stawia Białoruś w trudnej, krytycznej pozycji. Kontynuacja integracji z Rosją może zaowocować utratą niepodległości przez Białoruś. Nawet jeśli Łukaszenko był w stanie oprzeć się naciskom Kremla na "głębszą integrację", Białoruś wciąż jest częścią Państwa Sojuszniczego, i stabilność politycznego i ekonomicznego systemu kraju zależy od rosyjskiego wsparcia. Bez wątpienia Moskwa będzie kontynuować swoją politykę szerszej kontroli i podporządkowywania Białorusi.

The effect of dietary fat intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in turn on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear in individuals at high CVD risk. Objective: To assess the association between fat intake and MetS components in an adult Mediterranean population at high CVD risk. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6560, men and women, 55–75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial. Methods: Assessment of fat intake (total fat, monounsatured fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, a-linolenic acid, and w-3 FA) using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire and fat quality index (FQI). Results: Participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fat intake showed lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fiber, but higher intake of PUFA, MUFA, SFA, TFA, LA, ALA and !-3 FA. Differences in MetS components were found according to fat intake. Odds (5th vs. 1st quintile): hyperglycemia: 1.3–1.6 times higher for total fat, MUFA, SFA and w-3 FA intake; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c): 1.2 higher for LA; hypertriglyceridemia: 0.7 lower for SFA and w-3 FA intake. Conclusions: Dietary fats played different role on MetS components of high CVD risk patients. Dietary fat intake was associated with higher risk of hyperglycemia. ; The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926), the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensive sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-PLUS grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018; 340918) grant to Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez, the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó (2013ACUP00194), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018), the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana, the SEMERGEN grant, and CIBEROBN and FEDER funds (CB06/03), ISCIII. International Nut & Dried Fruit Council – FESNAD No. 201302: Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez (PI). Alicia Julibert, Maria del Mar Bibiloni, Cristina Bouzas, Lucía Ugarriza and Josep A. Tur are granted by Grant of support to research groups no. 35/2011 (Balearic Islands Gov.; FEDER funds), EU-COST ACTION CA16112, and Fundació La Marató TV3 (Spain) project ref. 201630.10.

This thesis attempts to understand the occupation regime of public space, by focusing on the place of the soldiers engaged in the Vigipirate plan and the Sentinelle operation. Starting from the assumption that soldiers patrolling in the urban public space are allogenous with the socio-spatial environment in which they intervene, we suggest that city-dwellers maintain with them a specific relation which could reveal their own way of being and doing with others through space. Individual spatialities (to put near or at a distance, physically or symbolically) and collectives games of places and placements both materialized this relationship between city-dwellers and the military. Those games of places and placements respond to logics of assignment/designation or self-assignment/self-designation to be or not in a given spot according to social position, spatial norms and emplacement. The personal lived tension of legitimation between the "what is" and "what should be" precisely expresses this regime of occupation of space. Moreover, the situations of interactions and perceived/lived co-presences between city-dwellers and the military are never identical and regular, therefore these games of place cannot be considered as occurring in a single dimension. The approach defended here will try to exhaust these mechanisms of places and placement by approaching different perspectives from which these places are apprehended by the actors : as soldiers in operation, as reservists in the Army, as city-dwellers. We intend to show that the occupied places and the held roles are not only multidimensional and constantly updated but are also to be understood as performative space always in tension. ; Cette thèse tente de comprendre le régime d'occupation de l'espace public, en s'intéressant à la place des militaires du plan Vigipirate et de l'opération Sentinelle. En partant du postulat que les militaires en patrouille dans l'espace public urbain sont allogènes à l'environnement socio-spatial dans lequel ils interviennent, l'on suggère que les citadins entretiennent avec eux un rapport particulier qui serait révélateur de leur manière d'être et de faire avec les autres par l'espace. Ce rapport entre citadins et militaires se concrétise individuellement par des spatialités (mises à proximité ou à distance, physiques ou symboliques) et collectivement par des jeux de places et de placements c'est-à-dire des logiques d'assignation/désignation ou d'auto-assignation/auto-désignation à être ou non à tel endroit selon une position sociale, des normes spatiales et un emplacement. Cette tension interne de légitimation entre ce "qui est" et "ce qui devrait être" exprime justement ce régime d'occupation de l'espace. Plus encore, parce que les situations d'interactions ou de coprésences perçues/vécues entre citadins et militaires ne sont jamais homogènes et unilatérales, ces jeux de places ne peuvent être considérés comme ayant lieu dans une seule dimension. L'approche défendue ici sera de tenter d'épuiser ces mécanismes de places et de placement en approchant différentes perspectives depuis lesquelles ces places sont appréhendées par les acteurs : en tant que militaire en opération, en tant que réserviste dans l'Armée de Terre et en tant que citadins. On espère pouvoir ainsi montrer que, multidimensionnelles et constamment réactualisées, les places occupées ainsi que les rôles tenus donnent à comprendre un espace performatif toujours en tension.

Results of a search for the pair production of photon-jets—collimated groupings of photons—in the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. Highly collimated photon-jets can arise from the decay of new, highly boosted particles that can decay to multiple photons collimated enough to be identified in the electromagnetic calorimeter as a single, photonlike energy cluster. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.7 fb−1, were collected in 2015 and 2016. Candidate photon-jet pair production events are selected from those containing two reconstructed photons using a set of identification criteria much less stringent than that typically used for the selection of photons, with additional criteria applied to provide improved sensitivity to photon-jets. Narrow excesses in the reconstructed diphoton mass spectra are searched for. The observed mass spectra are consistent with the Standard Model background expectation. The results are interpreted in the context of a model containing a new, high-mass scalar particle with narrow width, X, that decays into pairs of photon-jets via new, light particles, a. Upper limits are placed on the cross section times the product of branching ratios σ × B(X → aa) × B(a → γγ)2 for 200 GeV < mX < 2 TeV and for ranges of ma from a lower mass of 100 MeV up to between 2 and 10 GeV, depending upon mX. Upper limits are also placed on σ × B(X → aa) × B(a → 3π0)2 for the same range of mX and for ranges of ma from a lower mass of 500 MeV up to between 2 and 10 GeV. ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC andWallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, R´egion Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, developing countries need additional funding. Funding can come from four sources: domestic public resources (or revenues), international public resources, domestic private resources or international private resources. Of these four sources, domestic revenues from taxes and non-tax sources (e.g. profits from state-owned oil companies) are by far the most important. Tax revenues amounted to USD 4.3 trillion in 2016 for low- and middle-income countries alone, which is more than double the amount of international public and private capital these countries received in the same year. Domestic revenues have been growing in a majority of low- and lower-middle-income countries over the last 15 years. However, these increases remain insufficient to cover the financing needs of the SDGs, estimated at USD 2.5 trillion per year for developing countries, according to figures from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. In addition, these countries have to deal with the recent decline in financial flows from international public and private sources - a decline of 12 per cent between 2013 and 2016. As a result, many governments are under pressure to mobilise more revenues at home. What options do they have to achieve this goal? In this briefing paper, we focus on the international dimensions of the issue. We argue that governments need to act multilaterally in three key areas. First, tax avoidance by multinational corporations (MNCs) remains a global problem, despite important progress in recent years. Though not openly illegal, tax avoidance causes considerable damage to developing countries. Poorer countries depend to a higher degree on corporate taxes than richer countries and are thus more vulnerable to these practices. International initiatives to act upon tax avoidance - for instance, by introducing a minimum tax and by taxing the digitalised economy - should take the taxation rights of poorer countries into account. Second, fighting illegal tax evasion is another relevant topic. At an international scale, the exchange of tax-related information - for instance, on the beneficial ownership of assets - is a key factor, and developing countries need to participate in this exchange on a broad scale. This will require additional domestic and international efforts to boost capacity and credibility. Third, governments worldwide should increase transparency on their tax expenditures and dismantle those structures that prove to be either harmful or ineffective in fiscal, social or environmental terms, or create negative spillovers for other countries. As a first step, governments should agree on common reporting standards and start producing regular, public and encompassing reports on the tax expenditure schemes in place. Evidently, this is not an agenda for individual countries or a call for unilateral action. Current approaches to international tax cooperation - mostly propelled by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the G20 - need to be broadened and include all countries on an equal footing; they should also be deepened to cover those aspects of taxation that are not yet being sufficiently addressed. It is also clear, however, that the degree to which developing countries will take part in international standard-setting and regulation depends to a considerable degree on their capability to push forward critical governance reforms at the domestic level.

Cumhuriyet'in ilanından günümüze, Türkiye'de yabancı nüfusun coğrafi bir analizinin sunulduğu bu makalede, Genel Nüfus Sayımları ve Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi'nden elde edilen yabancı nüfus verilerinden hareketle yabancı nüfusun ülkemizdeki zamansal ve mekânsal dağılımının belirlenmesi amaçlamaktadır. "Yabancı nüfus" ifadesi ile Türkiye sınırları içinde yaşayan ancak Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşı olmayan kişiler kast edilmektedir. Söz konusu nüfusa dair istatistiksel verilerin düzenli ve tutarlı olmamasından ötürü, bu konuda net bir portre çizmek oldukça güçtür. Çalışmamızda, nüfus sayımlarından ve adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sisteminden derlenen "vatandaşlık" temelli yabancı nüfus verisi temelinde, yabancı nüfus miktarının zamansal gelişimi ve mekânsal dağılımı dönemlere ayrılarak incelenmiş ve haritalanmıştır. Yabancı nüfusun, daha ayrıntılı verilerin elde edilebildiği 2008 yılı sonrasındaki görünümüne ilişkin olarak ise mekânsal analizler yapılmıştır. Uluslararası göçlere bağlı olarak Türkiye'de yabancı nüfusun Cumhuriyet'in başlarından itibaren önce azalma, özellikle 1980'lerle birlikte ise artış gösteren iki farklı eğilim sergilediği saptanmıştır. 1950'li yıllara kadar ağırlıklı olarak başta İstanbul olmak üzere büyükşehirlerde yoğunlaşan yabancı nüfus, 1980'lerle birlikte Ege ve Akdeniz kıyılarına, 2000'li yıllarda ise ülke genelinde iç kesimlere doğru gidererek genişleyen bir yayılış alanına sahip hale gelmiştir. Türkiye'ye yönelen farklı göç hareketlerine ve değişen uluslararası siyasal konjonktüre göre, yabancı nüfusun ülke içindeki coğrafi dağılışının farklı ölçeklerde, farklı mekânsal dokular ortaya çıkardığı anlaşılmaktadır ve köken ülkeler giderek çeşitlenmektedir. Yabancı nüfus miktarında 2000'li yıllarla birlikte gözlenen kayda değer artışlar yoluyla, ülke içindeki dağılışta farklılaşan örüntüler ortaya çıkmıştır. Göçler yoluyla yabancı nüfusun Türkiye'de daha önce hiç olmadığı kadar artan görünürlüğü ve beraberinde getirdiği sosyo-kültürel etkileşim ve deneyimler, toplumsal güçlükleri beraberinde getirmekte ve bir arada yaşama dair politikalar geliştirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. ; In this article, a geographic analysis of foreign population in Turkey presented. Based on the data from General Population Census and the national Address-based Population Registration System, it aims at outlining the temporal and spatial change of the foreigner in Turkey. Foreign population in this study refers to the people who officially reside in Turkey without Turkish citizenship. Due to the lack of long term, regular and coherent statistical data, it is rather hard to portray the spatio-temporal development of foreign population in Turkey. the paper presents the development of the foreign population in Turkey in different periods. Relatively detailed statistical data available after the year 2008 allowed us to perform spatial analysis. Both emigration and immigration flows with diverse motives resulted in the considerable decline in the amount of the foreign population during the first decades of the Turkish Republic however a striking increase especially with the 1980s. Istanbul and the other two big cities of Turkey, Ankara and Izmir, were the major cities where the foreign population primarily intensified until 1950s. With the 1980s, there was an expansion towards the Mediterranean and Aegean coastal zone, so called the Turkish Riviera. Besides the concentration in the big cities and coastal zones, there has been a growing expansion towards the continental provinces and districts during 2000s. Diverse spatial patterns at different geographical scales are observed in the way how the foreign population is distributed across Turkey. There is an increasing diversification of origin countries. the unignorably increasing visibility of the foreign population in Turkish society through immigration flows and related social challenges require the development of peaceful co-existence policies.

Cumhuriyet'in ilanından günümüze, Türkiye'de yabancı nüfusun coğrafi bir analizinin sunulduğu bu makalede, Genel Nüfus Sayımları ve Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi'nden elde edilen yabancı nüfus verilerinden hareketle yabancı nüfusun ülkemizdeki zamansal ve mekânsal dağılımının belirlenmesi amaçlamaktadır. "Yabancı nüfus" ifadesi ile Türkiye sınırları içinde yaşayan ancak Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşı olmayan kişiler kast edilmektedir. Söz konusu nüfusa dair istatistiksel verilerin düzenli ve tutarlı olmamasından ötürü, bu konuda net bir portre çizmek oldukça güçtür. Çalışmamızda, nüfus sayımlarından ve adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sisteminden derlenen "vatandaşlık" temelli yabancı nüfus verisi temelinde, yabancı nüfus miktarının zamansal gelişimi ve mekânsal dağılımı dönemlere ayrılarak incelenmiş ve haritalanmıştır. Yabancı nüfusun, daha ayrıntılı verilerin elde edilebildiği 2008 yılı sonrasındaki görünümüne ilişkin olarak ise mekânsal analizler yapılmıştır. Uluslararası göçlere bağlı olarak Türkiye'de yabancı nüfusun Cumhuriyet'in başlarından itibaren önce azalma, özellikle 1980'lerle birlikte ise artış gösteren iki farklı eğilim sergilediği saptanmıştır. 1950'li yıllara kadar ağırlıklı olarak başta İstanbul olmak üzere büyükşehirlerde yoğunlaşan yabancı nüfus, 1980'lerle birlikte Ege ve Akdeniz kıyılarına, 2000'li yıllarda ise ülke genelinde iç kesimlere doğru gidererek genişleyen bir yayılış alanına sahip hale gelmiştir. Türkiye'ye yönelen farklı göç hareketlerine ve değişen uluslararası siyasal konjonktüre göre, yabancı nüfusun ülke içindeki coğrafi dağılışının farklı ölçeklerde, farklı mekânsal dokular ortaya çıkardığı anlaşılmaktadır ve köken ülkeler giderek çeşitlenmektedir. Yabancı nüfus miktarında 2000'li yıllarla birlikte gözlenen kayda değer artışlar yoluyla, ülke içindeki dağılışta farklılaşan örüntüler ortaya çıkmıştır. Göçler yoluyla yabancı nüfusun Türkiye'de daha önce hiç olmadığı kadar artan görünürlüğü ve beraberinde getirdiği sosyo-kültürel etkileşim ve deneyimler, toplumsal güçlükleri beraberinde getirmekte ve bir arada yaşama dair politikalar geliştirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. ; In this article, a geographic analysis of foreign population in Turkey presented. Based on the data from General Population Census and the national Address-based Population Registration System, it aims at outlining the temporal and spatial change of the foreigner in Turkey. Foreign population in this study refers to the people who officially reside in Turkey without Turkish citizenship. Due to the lack of long term, regular and coherent statistical data, it is rather hard to portray the spatio-temporal development of foreign population in Turkey. The paper presents the development of the foreign population in Turkey in different periods. Relatively detailed statistical data available after the year 2008 allowed us to perform spatial analysis. Both emigration and immigration flows with diverse motives resulted in the considerable decline in the amount of the foreign population during the first decades of the Turkish Republic however a striking increase especially with the 1980s. Istanbul and the other two big cities of Turkey, Ankara and Izmir, were the major cities where the foreign population primarily intensified until 1950s. With the 1980s, there was an expansion towards the Mediterranean and Aegean coastal zone, so called the Turkish Riviera. Besides the concentration in the big cities and coastal zones, there has been a growing expansion towards the continental provinces and districts during 2000s. Diverse spatial patterns at different geographical scales are observed in the way how the foreign population is distributed across Turkey. There is an increasing diversification of origin countries. The unignorably increasing visibility of the foreign population in Turkish society through immigration flows and related social challenges require the development of peaceful co-existence policies.

The liberal world order has produced immense benefits for Europe and people across the planet. Beginning in the 18th and 19th centuries, liberalism reinforces the natural rights of man to life, liberty and property, and has transformed the world in ways that have improved the material and social circumstances of humankind. But the liberal order that has been in place in Europe since 1945, after two world wars, is showing signs of deterioration. Today, this liberal order is being challenged by a variety of forces. The essence of the European experience is the development of a civilization that considered itself to be a unity and yet was politically decentralized. Former free towns in Italy and the Low Countries became bastions of a self‑governing middle class in the Middle Ages. However, with time, states tend to overgrow taking more and more resources, which results in the increase in taxes and public spending, excessive regulation, deficits and public debt. There is a fight between the advocates of two different ideals of the European Union, the non‑liberal and the liberal vision. There is a consensus in that the market economy is the system that best produces the most, removing millions of people from poverty. But it is the unequal distribution of the wealth created that is often criticized. We examine the distribution of income, before and after taxes and transfers, concluding that market liberalization does not necessarily lead to increased social inequality. On the other hand, two of the most important threats challenging the liberal order in Europe are populist parties and protectionism. Finally, this paper suggests a way towards a future Europe, deepening the single market and economic integration, but transforming the obsolete and dysfunctional nation‑states into other forms of decentralized political units. ; Liberalny porządek świata przyniósł ogromne korzyści Europie i ludziom na całym świecie. Mający swe początki w XVIII i XIX wieku liberalizm wzmacniał naturalne prawa człowieka do życia, wolności i własności i przekształcał świat w sposób, który umożliwił poprawę materialnych i społecznych warunków życia ludzkości. Ale liberalny porządek, który istnieje w Europie od 1945 roku, po dwóch wojnach światowych, zaczął ulegać rozpadowi. Obecnie ten liberalny porządek poddawany jest różnym siłom. Istotą europejskiego doświadczenia jest rozwój cywilizacji, która uważała się za jednolitą całość, a mimo to ulegała politycznej decentralizacji. Dawne wolne miasta we Włoszech i w Niderlandach stały się bastionami samorządowej klasy średniej w średniowieczu. Jednak z czasem państwa mają tendencję do rozrostu, pozyskują coraz więcej zasobów, co skutkuje wzrostem podatków i wydatków publicznych, nadmierną regulacją, powstawaniem deficytów i długu publicznego. Dochodzi do konfliktu między zwolennikami dwóch różnych wizji Unii Europejskiej: nieliberalnej i liberalnej. Istnieje konsensus, że gospodarka rynkowa jest systemem, który jest najbardziej efektywny i przyczynia się do wyjścia milionów ludzi z ubóstwa. Ale to właśnie nierówny podział wytworzonego bogactwa jest często krytykowany. Zbadano rozkład dochodów przed opodatkowaniem, po opodatkowaniu i transferach kapitałowych, dochodząc do wniosku, że liberalizacja rynku niekoniecznie prowadzi do wzrostu nierówności społecznych. Z drugiej strony, dwa z najważniejszych zagrożeń stanowiących wyzwanie dla liberalnego porządku w Europie to partie populistyczne i protekcjonizm. Wreszcie, autorzy artykułu sugerują drogę ku przyszłej Europie, opartej o pogłębienie jednolitego rynku i integrację gospodarczą, ale dążącej do przekształcenia nieaktualnych i dysfunkcyjnych państw narodowych w inne, zdecentralizowane byty polityczne.

Questa tesi vuole indagare quali parametri incidono sulla disparità di genere, focalizzandosi sulla condizione femminile nel mondo del lavoro e sulle difficoltà che spesso riscontrano le donne a causa degli stereotipi di genere, specialmente durante e dopo la nascita di un figlio. La prima parte offre una panoramica generale sul concetto di divario di genere, o gender gap, e le aree in cui questo divario si manifesta, primo fra tutte il mondo del lavoro, ma anche educazione e scelte scolastiche, lavori domestici e cura dei figli. Nel mondo del lavoro, il divario di genere si concretizza nel concetto di segregazione professionale di genere, che può essere verticale, detta anche glass ceiling, e orizzontale. Nel primo caso, la segregazione riguarda la struttura aziendale, nel secondo, più in generale, i settori professionali, come quelli che rispondono all'acronimo di STEM ovvero scienza, tecnologia, ingegneria e matematica. Esistono numerose altre metafore associate alla segregazione di genere: lo sticky floor, il fenomeno del leaky pipeline, il glass cliff e l'effetto ape regina o queen-bee effect. Nella seconda parte verrà approfondito il dibattito sulle quote rosa, includendo un parallelismo tra uguaglianza di opportunità e uguaglianza di risultati. Oltre alle politiche sulle quote rosa, saranno analizzate altre politiche in favore della famiglia, le cosiddette family-friendly policies, tra cui i congedi parentali. Il congedo di paternità a titolo individuale è spesso un lusso non concesso a tutti i neo-padri. In alcuni paesi, è inesistente, in altri può variare da pochi giorni a poche settimane. Tuttavia, anche congedi di maternità eccessivamente lunghi possono ostacolare la parità di genere in quanto rendono difficile il reinserimento della madre dopo la maternità, a discapito della retribuzione. L'indipendenza economica gioca un ruolo fondamentale nella parità di genere. Fino a pochi decenni fa, la donna dipendeva economicamente dal marito che provvedeva al sostentamento della famiglia. Oggi, una maggiore consapevolezza e l'aumento del tasso di occupazione femminile sta incrementando anche lo stipendio percepito dalle donne. Tuttavia, le statistiche rivelano che, anche su questo fronte, le donne guadagnano meno degli uomini. Si parla allora di gender pay gap (GPG) o divario salariale di genere. Alla sua origine è possibile identificare varie cause: cause esplicite o visibili e cause implicite o invisibili. Tuttavia, risulta molto complesso stabilire con precisione il perché le donne guadagnino meno. Purtroppo, però, la discriminazione di genere rientra tra le cause principali all'origine del divario salariale, ed incide anche in sede di assunzione. La tesi si conclude con una panoramica sul progetto chiamato MAAM, ovvero Maternity as a Master. L'obiettivo è quello di verificare l'effettività del progetto un'intervista alla creatrice Riccarda Zezza. Questo progetto lungimirante vuole sottolineare l'importanza della maternità come vera e propria "palestra" per sviluppare e migliorare le competenze soft, oggigiorno tanto richieste nel mondo del lavoro, e che inconsapevolmente madri e padri allenano con i propri figli. MAAM vuole consapevolizzare i genitori sull'importanza della genitorialità, che non è un ostacolo alla carriera ma un'opportunità di crescita personale e professionale. Questo progetto, insieme a Piano C, un programma di co-working, ad opera della stessa realizzatrice di MAAM, fa ben sperare per superare quel meccanismo patriarcale che ancora oggi fatica ad essere scardinato.

La presente tesi di laurea riflette sull'insegnamento-apprendimento dell'inglese alla scuola primaria, in particolare sul libro di testo in quanto materiale didattico molto diffuso. L'ipotesi di fondo è che i diversi volumi riflettono sia le prescrizioni legislative e le sollecitazioni italiane ed europee in merito alla lingua straniera sia i principi teorici-metodologici frutto degli studi glottodidattici. La prima parte della ricerca presenta dunque tali aspetti. Il primo capitolo introduce il tema in oggetto e delinea un quadro storico-normativo di riferimento. Esso assume come punto d'avvio l'inserimento curricolare ufficiale della lingua straniera nel ciclo primario con i Nuovi Programmi per la scuola elementare del 1985 e le relative premesse nei decenni precedenti (anni Cinquanta, Sessanta e Settanta). Prosegue con la rassegna dei fondamentali documenti interni al nostro Paese e internazionali: per esempio il Progetto Lingue 2000, la riforma Moratti, le Indicazioni del ministro Fioroni del 2007, quelle del ministro Profumo del 2012 e quelle del ministro Fedeli del 2018, le prescrizioni del ministro Gelmini, il Libro bianco, il Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento, il Portfolio Europeo delle Lingue e il piano delle otto competenze chiave per l'apprendimento permanente. Il secondo capitolo espone le principali acquisizioni della ricerca del settore. Esso sintetizza varie prospettive teoriche: l'approccio formalistico, l'approccio naturale, l'approccio strutturalistico, l'innatismo, il costruttivismo, l'interazionismo, l'approccio comunicativo, l'approccio formativo-comunicativo, l'approccio umanistico-affettivo e la teoria di Kreshen. In seguito a tali premesse, questa sezione dell'elaborato individua e descrive gli assunti fondamentali che caratterizzano a livello operativo le attuali esperienze di insegnamento della lingua straniera ad allievi del ciclo primario. La seconda parte della trattazione è dedicata specificamente ai libri di testo. Il capitolo tre è di carattere teorico: attraverso l'esame della letteratura, definisce innanzitutto il materiale scolastico in oggetto e aiuta a riconoscere possibili funzioni e limiti in relazione agli studenti e agli insegnanti. In seguito, espone i principali processi che lo riguardano: la valutazione, la selezione e l'adattamento. In merito alla valutazione, la riflessione si concentra soprattutto sulle checklist: elenchi di item che favoriscono una raccolta sistematica di informazioni e di conseguenza una scelta consapevole ed efficiente degli strumenti didattici. In particolare, si effettua una rassegna sintetica di alcune griglie utilizzate nell'ultimo trentennio per evidenziarne le principali caratteristiche e categorie. Il quarto e ultimo capitolo sviluppa un'indagine concreta su alcuni coursebook. Dopo la presentazione della normativa specifica sull'adozione dei testi scolastici che fornisce dettagliate indicazioni tecnico-pratiche e pedagogiche, questa sezione raccoglie i dati sui volumi in uso per la materia "inglese" nelle scuole primarie della mia zona di residenza (Piacenza e provincia) nell'anno scolastico 2018-2019. Identifica poi nei titoli adottati con maggiore frequenza il corpus d'analisi. Lo strumento per condurre l'osservazione viene predisposto a partire dalle checklist descritte precedentemente ed esplora le seguenti categorie: temi, lessico e grammatica, abilità e attività, organizzazione, aspetti grafici/visivi e materiali di supporto. Attraverso la guida di tale griglia si avvia un confronto approfondito e sistematico per evidenziare affinità e peculiarità dei diversi corsi, in particolare riportando esempi dai livelli uno e quattro che ‒ in base alla Legge 221/2012 ‒ sono le annate per cui sono possibili nuove adozioni. La ricerca contiene anche un'intervista a Paolo Iotti, co-autore di vari libri di testo di inglese per la scuola primaria.