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United Kingdom (UK) Universities strive to increase international student numbers and claim to be internationalising the student experience. In parallel student-centred approaches appear to be the norm across learning, teaching and assessment strategies. However, a tension exists in delivering both of these claims concurrently in that domestic and inbound international students often have different experiences, expectations, needs and perceptions regarding pedagogy, support and curriculum. While programme delivery centres on the UK educational mode, universities tend to accommodate orientation for all students centrally, as a largely homogenous group. This paper explores the experiences of inbound Erasmus exchange students from several European Union (EU) countries to determine if student-centred approaches are adequate to meet their needs. It also examines possible gaps in the tutor-student pedagogic experience, expectations and perceptions. With reference to gap analysis, a case study of a module in a post-1992 University is explored. Observation, focus groups, policy analysis and quantitative analysis of student results are used to make sense of the intercultural pedagogic experiences of the students and potential implications for curriculum design and delivery. Findings indicate that the processes and procedures put in place to support Erasmus students in navigating UK pedagogic styles, assessment and curriculum are insufficient to truly support the student journey in a way that student centeredness would imply. Key areas of discord revolve around curriculum structure, assessment style, expectations and pedagogic approach. In essence, the cognitive and intangible processes and aspects of the student journey are problematic with evidence to suggest that poor cross-institutional communication and generic orientation compound the challenges. The research is particularly significant in that it highlights the need to provide a more reflective and reflexive approach to working with Erasmus students, requiring a shift away from a mechanistic focus on systems, structures and cultural awareness towards cultural intelligence.

Cultural intelligence is the capability of a person to adapt effectively to different cultures. This capability has been investigated in areas such as management, military, and education. However, there are no studies in sport referring to this capability. It is important to study cultural intelligence in sport because of the increased globalisation resulting from coaches' and athletes' migration across countries and clubs. This study aimed to develop the CQsport and examine its factorial structure and psychometric properties; and examine coaches' cultural intelligence and their perceived cross-cultural training needs. Participants were 209 football coaches either with or without international experience. Participants completed an online survey consisting of CQsport and a cross-cultural training needs questionnaire. We used a Multi-Group analysis, within the SEM approach, to test group differences in the CQsport and performed a One-Way ANOVA for comparisons across groups concerning cross-cultural training needs. Coaches with international experience rated themselves with more cultural intelligence in the sports context than coaches with no international experience on the metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioural dimensions. Coaches with international experience also self-rated fewer training needs than coaches without international experience. This study represents the first attempt to examine football coaches' cultural intelligence and their cross-cultural training needs.

This study sought to determine manager's intrinsic motivation to engage multiculturally in the workplace as the managers varied by demographic background. Participants were a convenience sample of managers on supervisory level, middle level and senior level (n=550; Male 54.9%; Black ethnicity 64.4%). They completed the Motivational Scale of the Managerial Cultural Intelligence Measure. The data were analysed by means analysis of variance procedures to determine workforce diversity ability by managerial level and other demographics. The results showed a managerial level effect in that senior managers were significantly more motivated to get information about other cultures in the work group compared to middle managers and supervisors. Supervisors were significantly more willing to change their views of other cultures with learning as compared to senior managers and middle managers. Generally, managers with a shorter employment history are more motivated to engage with multi-cultural groups compared to those with a longer service history. Managers' motivation to engage multi-culturally would enhance their competence in working with a diverse workforce and thereby embracing true democracy in the workplace.

This study sought to determine manager's intrinsic motivation to engage multiculturally in the workplace as the managers varied by demographic background. Participants were a convenience sample of managers on supervisory level, middle level and senior level (n = 550; Male 54.9%; Black ethnicity 64.4%). They completed the Motivational Scale of the Managerial Cultural Intelligence Measure. The data were analysed by means analysis of variance procedures to determine workforce diversity ability by managerial level and other demographics. The results showed a managerial level effect in that senior managers were significantly more motivated to get information about other cultures in the work group compared to middle managers and supervisors. Supervisors were significantly more willing to change their views of other cultures with learning as compared to senior managers and middle managers. Generally, managers with a shorter employment history are more motivated to engage with multi-cultural groups compared to those with a longer service history. Managers' motivation to engage multi-culturally would enhance their competence in working with a diverse workforce and thereby embracing true democracy in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Copyright of Journal of Psychology in Africa (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Student's listening comprehension could be affected by several factors, one of the factors is student's cultural intelligence. It is an ability to grasp and reason correctly any problem as education, government, business, and academic research. This study aimed to find out the correlation between students' cultural intelligence and their listening comprehension at first semester students of English Department Universitas Riau Kepulauan in the academic year of 2020/2021. The data of the research were students' cultural intelligence scores derived from cultural intelligence scale and student's listening comprehension from IELTS listening tests. The population of the research were 28 students of first semester of English Department of Universitas Riau Kepulauan. Before testing the hypothesis, a normality test was conducted by using saphiro wilk to ensure that the data were in normal distribution. The data of cultural intelligence had a significance value of 0.397 and 0.372 for listening comprehension which is bigger than 0.05 with the degree of freedom 28. Therefore, it can be concluded that the data of listening comprehension and cultural intelligence were normal. After conducting the hypothesis, it was found out that rcalculated(0.217) is lower than rtable(0.374). The finding of the study concluded that there was no significant correlation between students' cultural intelligence and students' listening comprehension. However, the positive correlation implied that possessing higher cultural intelligence might be beneficial for student's listening comprehension.

American forces entered a seemingly dangerous and very foreign world following the surrender of Japan. A nation-building mission unlike any other previously in U.S. history ensued. Insight into Japanese sentiment and ways of conducting business would be paramount to the success of General Douglas MacArthur in demilitarizing and democratizing Japan. Two complementary but rival organizations within MacArthur's Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) staff were created and charged with understanding Japanese thought patterns and culture to assist with successful reform. The Research and Analysis Branch (R&A), subordinate to the Civil Intelligence Section (CIS), was responsible for turning out quality anecdotal intelligence analysis. It produced weekly "Occupational Trends" reports critical to monitoring Japanese sentiment on issues of seminal importance to demilitarization, such as Japanese popular opinion concerning the maintenance of the Emperor. The other organization, the Public Opinion and Sociological Research Division (PO&SR) under the Civil Information and Education Section (CI&E), employed social scientists who worked closely with Japanese nationals on democratization. For perhaps the first time in history, sociological research supplemented traditional intelligence analysis in informing occupational leaders. PO&SR prepared scientific socio-cultural reports that served various sections across MacArthur's government. While rivalries existed between the R&A and PO&SR over methods and utility of services, the framework established under the occupation serves as a model of how to process and produce foreign socio-cultural intelligence and research during nation building. Analytic lessons learned include encouraging close cooperation between intelligence professionals and more specialized sociologists, incorporating diverse collection sources, working closely with host nationals, and formally documenting social science project findings.--P. v. ; "April 2009." ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-23) ; American forces entered a seemingly dangerous and very foreign world following the surrender of Japan. A nation-building mission unlike any other previously in U.S. history ensued. Insight into Japanese sentiment and ways of conducting business would be paramount to the success of General Douglas MacArthur in demilitarizing and democratizing Japan. Two complementary but rival organizations within MacArthur's Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) staff were created and charged with understanding Japanese thought patterns and culture to assist with successful reform. The Research and Analysis Branch (R&A), subordinate to the Civil Intelligence Section (CIS), was responsible for turning out quality anecdotal intelligence analysis. It produced weekly "Occupational Trends" reports critical to monitoring Japanese sentiment on issues of seminal importance to demilitarization, such as Japanese popular opinion concerning the maintenance of the Emperor. The other organization, the Public Opinion and Sociological Research Division (PO&SR) under the Civil Information and Education Section (CI&E), employed social scientists who worked closely with Japanese nationals on democratization. For perhaps the first time in history, sociological research supplemented traditional intelligence analysis in informing occupational leaders. PO&SR prepared scientific socio-cultural reports that served various sections across MacArthur's government. While rivalries existed between the R&A and PO&SR over methods and utility of services, the framework established under the occupation serves as a model of how to process and produce foreign socio-cultural intelligence and research during nation building. Analytic lessons learned include encouraging close cooperation between intelligence professionals and more specialized sociologists, incorporating diverse collection sources, working closely with host nationals, and formally documenting social science project findings.--P. v. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The present study explored the relationships between personality, cultural intelligence, and adjustment to expatriate assignments. More narrowly, this study explored which facets of cultural intelligence are related to United States Air Force (USAF) members' adjustment to international assignments in Germany. The study also aimed to clarify the relationship between Big Five personality factors and adjustment in USAF expatriates. Expatriate adjustment was measured using the Expatriate Adjustment Scale by Black and Stephens (1989). Cultural Intelligence was measured using the Extended Cultural Intelligence Scale by Van Dyne, Ang, Ng, Rockstuhl, Tan, and Koh (2012). Big Five personality factors were measured using the International Personality Item Pool by Goldberg, Johnson, Eber, Hogan, Ashton, Cloninger, & Gough (2006). There were 64 respondents to the electronic survey distributed to Spangdhalem Air Base. The results indicated that significant positive relationships were found between ten sub facets of cultural intelligence and adjustment. No significant relationships between Big Five personality factors and adjustment were found in this study.

BACKGROUND: Undeniably, international entrepreneurship is important to a nation's development. The government has engaged in various activities to support international entrepreneurship in China. However, the results were less embracing, particularly among students. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence students' intentions toward international entrepreneurship is vital in the effort to develop entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study examined whether social power and international entrepreneurship intention are related based on social capital theory, as well as the possible influence of cultural intelligence and socioeconomic status on this relationship. METHODS: A quantitative study was conducted to test the hypotheses. Data were collected through paper-based questionnaires from 372 undergraduate students at 19 universities in China. The partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses using the SmartPLS software. RESULTS: Social power has a positive effect on international entrepreneurship intentions, and motivational cultural intelligence plays a mediating role in this relationship. In addition, behavioral cultural intelligence played a mediating role in this relationship but not in the hypothesized direction. The effect of social power on international entrepreneurship intentions via motivational cultural intelligence is strengthened by socioeconomic status. However, socioeconomic status failed to moderate the mediating effects of social power on international entrepreneurship intentions, as transmitted through behavioral cultural intelligence. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the scarce empirical literature on students' international entrepreneurship intention in China by testing the relationship between social power and international entrepreneurship intention via cultural intelligence. In addition, these findings demonstrate that future research should focus on improving students' perceptions of international ...

Milad T Jannesari,1 Mohammadali Zolfagharian,2 Samaneh Torkzadeh3 1School of Business, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Marketing, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA; 3Department of Marketing, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, IN, USACorrespondence: Milad T Jannesari, School of Business, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, Email miladjannesari@gmail.comBackground: Undeniably, international entrepreneurship is important to a nation's development. The government has engaged in various activities to support international entrepreneurship in China. However, the results were less embracing, particularly among students. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence students' intentions toward international entrepreneurship is vital in the effort to develop entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study examined whether social power and international entrepreneurship intention are related based on social capital theory, as well as the possible influence of cultural intelligence and socioeconomic status on this relationship.Methods: A quantitative study was conducted to test the hypotheses. Data were collected through paper-based questionnaires from 372 undergraduate students at 19 universities in China. The partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses using the SmartPLS software.Results: Social power has a positive effect on international entrepreneurship intentions, and motivational cultural intelligence plays a mediating role in this relationship. In addition, behavioral cultural intelligence played a mediating role in this relationship but not in the hypothesized direction. The effect of social power on international entrepreneurship intentions via motivational cultural intelligence is strengthened by socioeconomic status. However, socioeconomic status failed to moderate the mediating effects of social power on international ...

Purpose of the Study: This paper investigates high performers as those who are highly competent and possess the necessary skills for a job. In conducting businesses globally, public employees are also exposed to diverse cultural situations. Due to cultural challenges and complexities, public sector employees in Malaysia need to embrace the right capabilities to deal effectively with global customers. One of the key managerial competencies needed for dealing effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds is cultural intelligence or cultural quotient (CQ). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between CQ, task performance, and contextual performance in a cross-cultural context. Methodology: The data used for this study is derived from the questionnaire survey distributed among Malaysian public service employees in two selected government agencies. A total number of 174 valid responses were successfully obtained. Data were analyzed using Partial Lease Square (PLS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The results showed that knowledge CQ and drive CQ have positive influence on employees' task performance and contextual performance. The findings of this study have important implications for organizations. Our study provides empirical evidence that CQ can serve as a predictor for employee's work performance in a cross-cultural situation. Implications: This study implements a valuable contribution to the body of knowledge in the fields of human resource management and cross-cultural management studies in Malaysia. It also augments the growing corpus of literature related to the concept of CQ and individual work performance. Human resource management (HRM) should focus on developing employee's CQ so that they are able to connect and adapt in any global business environment. CQ can be enhanced through proper guidance, training, and development programs.

Previous research has tested the effect of cultural intelligence on voice behaviour by using transformational leadership as a mediating variable. This study presents a different perspective using the ethical leadership variable as a mediation. This study examines the effect of cultural intelligence on voice behaviour with ethical leadership as a mediating variable. Research data were collected from 492 employees of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. The results showed that cultural intelligence significantly affected employee voice behaviour and ethical leadership, mediating cultural intelligence and employee voice behaviour. This research can be used as a reference for application in multicultural organizations, especially in voice behaviour. ; Previous research has tested the effect of cultural intelligence on voice behavior by using transformational leadership as a mediating variable. This study presents a different perspective by using the ethical leadership variable as a mediation. This study examined the effect of cultural intelligence on voice behavior with ethical leadership as a mediating variable. Research data were collected from 492 employees of the governmental organization in Indonesia. The results showed that cultural intelligence had a significant effect on employee voice behavior and ethical leadership which mediated the relationship between cultural intelligence and employee voice behavior. This research can be used as a reference for application in multicultural organizations, especially in the application of voice behavior.

The aim of this study was to analyze if relations among cultural intelligence levels, motivation to academic learning and human values on the working area in a sample of 400 argentine military students, cadets becoming officials on Argentine Army (377 men and 23 women), originating of diverse argentine provinces. Bivaried analyses of correlation through coefficient r of Pearson were made. Results show that students present tie values to the care of the national traditions, and at the same time the value "stimulation" is associated to the creative resolution of new experiences on uncertain situations, balancing their autorestriction that would limit the opening towards cultural diversity. ; El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar si existen relaciones entre los niveles de inteligencia cultural desplegados por estudiantes militares argentinos, su motivación para el aprendizaje académico y los valores humanos vinculados al área laboral. Participaron 400 cadetes aspirantes a oficiales del Ejército Argentino (377 hombres y 23 mujeres) provenientes de diversas provincias argentinas. Se realizaron análisis de correlación bivariados a través del coeficiente r de Pearson, cuyos resultados indican que los estudiantes presentan valores vinculados al cuidado de las tradiciones nacionales, al tiempo que el valor "estimulación" se asocia con la resolución creativa y original de experiencias nuevas o situaciones inciertas, equilibrando cierta auto-restricción que limitaría la apertura hacia la diversidad cultural.

United States (U.S.) civilian and military intelligence services increasingly have engaged with local intelligence services, either in an advisory role or direct coordination or liaison. In many cases, the intelligence officers have tended to try to remake the local intelligence services in the image of U.S. intelligence structures and procedures, with these efforts rather futile in most cases. One factor that has led to considerable frustration and potential failure has been a lack of understanding of the culture of local intelligence systems. Understanding both the subtleties of an area's social norms and mores, and the bureaucratic and historical cultures of other intelligence services remain critical factors in long-term success. Using case studies of environments in which established intelligence services have worked with emergent intelligence agencies, this paper examines the requirements for incorporating both larger cultural approaches and detailed knowledge of other intelligence bureaucracies.

At present the development and operation of cultural intelligence is studied in terms of their associations with certain aspects of personality. However, it is claimed that these studies on expatriates have not yet found the predictive power of personality traits on these cultural skills. The study discusses the results of three investigations in which a sample of military students was analyzed to explore the associations between the factors of the big five model personality, the variable cultural intelligence, and the character strength. The research hypothesis is that the personality factor Openness is much more associated to cultural intelligence than to Extraversion factor. Moreover, the strength of character called social intelligence, predicts the level of cultural intelligence of the military students. The results indicated that Openness is a positive predictor of general cultural intelligence of students, and the character strength of social intelligence positively predicts the cultural intelligence much more than other predictors that were part of the analized model. ; En la actualidad, el desarrollo y funcionamiento de la inteligencia cultural se estudia en función de sus asociaciones con determinados aspectos de la personalidad. Sin embargo, es sabido que los estudios acerca de los expatriados aún no han hallado el poder predictivo de los rasgos de la personalidad sobre las mencionadas habilidades culturales. El presente estudio aborda los resultados de tres investigaciones en las que se analizaron asociaciones entre el modelo de los Cinco Grandes factores de la personalidad, la variable inteligencia cultural y las fortalezas del carácter. La hipótesis de la investigación es que el factor de la personalidad apertura se asocia en mayor medida a la inteligencia cultural que el factor extraversión. Además, la fortaleza del carácter, denominada inteligencia social, predice el nivel de inteligencia cultural de los estudiantes militares. Los resultados indicaron que la apertura constituye un predictor positivo de la inteligencia cultural general de los estudiantes, y la fortaleza del carácter inteligencia social predice positivamente la inteligencia cultural en mayor medida que otros predictores que fueron parte del modelo analizado ; Na atualidade, o desenvolvimento e funcionamento da inteligência cultural se estuda em função de suas associações com determinados aspetos da personalidade. No entanto, é sabido que os estudos realizados sobre expatriados ainda não têm encontrado o poder preditivo dos rasgos da personalidade sobre as mencionadas habilidades culturais. O presente estudo aborda os resultados de três pesquisas nas que se analisaram associações entre o modelo dos Cinco Grandes fatores da personalidade, a variável de inteligência cultural e as fortalezas de carácter. A hipótese da pesquisa é que o fator da personalidade Abertura se associa em maior medida à inteligência cultural que o fator Extraversão. Além disso, a fortaleza do carácter denominada inteligência social, prediz o nível de inteligência cultural dos estudantes militares. Os resultados indicaram que a Abertura constitui um preditor positivo da inteligência cultural geral dos estudantes, e a fortaleza do carácter inteligência social prediz positivamente a inteligência cultural em maior medida que outros preditores que foram parte do modelo analisado. ; Fil: Depaula, Pablo Domingo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Azzollini, Susana Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Cosentino, Alejandro César. Universidad de la Defensa Nacional; Argentina ; Fil: Castillo, Sergio Edgardo. Universidad de la Defensa Nacional; Argentina

En la actualidad, el desarrollo y funcionamiento de la inteligencia cultural se estudia en función de sus asociaciones con determinados aspectos de la personalidad. Sin embargo, es sabido que los estudios realizados sobre expatriados aún no han hallado el poder predictivo de los rasgos de la personalidad sobre las mencionadas habilidades culturales. El presente estudio aborda los resultados de tres investigaciones en las que se analizaron asociaciones entre el modelo de los Cinco Grandes factores de la personalidad, la variable inteligencia cultural y las fortalezas del carácter. La hipótesis del la investigación es que el factor de la personalidad Apertura se asocia en mayor medida a la inteligencia cultural que el factor Extraversión. Además, la fortaleza del carácter denominada inteligencia social, predice el nivel de inteligencia cultural de los estudiantes militares. Los resultados indicaron que la Apertura constituye un predictor positivo de la inteligencia cultural general de los estudiantes, y la fortaleza del carácter inteligencia social predice positivamente la inteligencia cultural en mayor medida que otros predictores que fueron parte del modelo analizado. ; At present the development and operation of cultural intelligence is studied in terms of their associations with certain aspects of personality. However, it is claimed that these studies on expatriates have not yet found the predictive power of personality traits on these cultural skills. The study discusses the results of three investigations in which a sample of military students was analyzed to explore the associations between the factors of the big five model personality, the variable cultural intelligence, and the character strength. The research hypothesis is that the personality factor Openness is much more associated to cultural intelligence than to Extraversion factor. Moreover, the strength of character called social intelligence, predicts the level of cultural intelligence of the military students. The results indicated that Openness is a positive predictor of general cultural intelligence of students, and the character strength of social intelligence positively predicts the cultural intelligence much more than other predictors that were part of the analized model. ; Actualmente, o desenvolvimento e operação de inteligência cultural é estudada com base em suas associações com certos aspectos da personalidade. No entanto, sabe-se que os estudos sobre os expatriados ainda não encontraram o poder preditivo dos traços de personalidade dessas habilidades culturais. Este estudo discute os resultados de três investigações em que as parcerias entre o modelo dos cinco grandes fatores de personalidade, foram analisados a inteligência cultural variável e forças de caráter. A hipótese da pesquisa é que o fator de personalidade está associada Abertura mais à inteligência cultural que o fator Extroversão. Além disso, a força de caráter chamada inteligência social, prevê que o nível de inteligência cultural dos alunos militares. Os resultados indicaram que a Abertura é um preditor positivo da inteligência cultural geral dos estudantes, ea força de caráter inteligência social positivamente inteligência cultural prevê uma extensão maior do que outros preditores que faziam parte do modelo de avaliação. ; Fil: Depaula, Pablo Domingo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Azzollini, Susana Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Cosentino, Alejandro César. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; Argentina ; Fil: Castillo, Sergio Edgardo. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; Argentina