Suchergebnisse

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ; Sustainability reports are tools for disseminating information to stakeholders and the public, serving the organizations in the dual purpose of communicating CSR and being accountable. The production of these reports has recently become more prevalent in the food industry, despite the fact this practice has received heavy criticism on two fronts: The quality of the tool for communication, and the extent of accountability. In addition to these criticisms, organizations must overcome the additional challenge of publishing sustainability reports that successfully meet the demands of a multi-stakeholder audience. In light of the importance of this practice, this paper presents a method to assess the communication and accountability characteristics of Spanish food companies sustainability reports. This method is based on the method Analytic Network Process (ANP) and adopts a multi-stakeholder approach. This research, therefore, provides a reference model for improving sustainability reports, with the aim of successfully meeting their communication objectives and the demands of all stakeholders. ; Baviera Puig, MA.; Gómez Navarro, T.; García Melón, M.; García Martínez, G. (2015). Assessing the Communication Quality of CSR Reports. A Case Study on Four Spanish Food Companies. Sustainability. 7(8):11010-11031. doi:10.3390/su70811010 ; S ; 11010 ; 11031 ; 7 ; 8 ; Brønn, P. S., & Vrioni, A. B. (2001). Corporate social responsibility and cause-related marketing: an overview. International Journal of Advertising, 20(2), 207-222. doi:10.1080/02650487.2001.11104887 ; Golob, U., & Bartlett, J. L. (2007). Communicating about corporate social responsibility: A comparative study of CSR reporting in Australia and Slovenia. Public Relations Review, 33(1), 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.11.001 ...

PLEASE NOTE: This item has been superceded by a new version. Electromagnetics Volume 1 (Aug. 2018), which is freely available electronically. Abstract: Electromagnetics Volume 1 (BETA) (CC BY-SA 4.0) by Steven W. Ellingson is a 224-page, peer-reviewed, open educational resource intended to serve as a primary textbook for a one-semester first course in undergraduate engineering electromagnetics, and includes: electric and magnetic fields; electromagnetic properties of materials; electromagnetic waves; and devices that operate according to associated electromagnetic principles including resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, generators, and transmission lines. This book employs the "transmission lines first" approach, in which transmission lines are introduced using a lumped-element equivalent circuit model for a differential length of transmission line, leading to one-dimensional wave equations for voltage and current. This is intended for electrical engineering students in the third year of a bachelor of science degree program. Print copies of this book are available on Amazon.com (ISBN:978-0997920123). About this Beta version: The BETA version of Volume 1 is being field tested in a Spring 2018 course. It will be updated and re-released at this site in VTechWorks in Summer 2018. The following will also be added: index (within the book); problem sets, solution manual, and LaTeX source code (in VTechWorks). Use, sharing, contributions to, and customization of this book or portions of this book or figures are an inherent part of the intent of the way this book has been published. Please let us alert you of changes and developments. Telling us that you are using, hosting, or adapting Electromagnetics allows us to update you regarding collaborative development opportunities, errata, new volumes and editions, supplements and ancillaries, and newly issued print versions. Tell us at: http://bit.ly/vtpublishing-updates Current errata for this volume can be found at: http://www.faculty.ece.vt.edu/swe/oem/Vol1Beta_errata.txt Share Feedback & Suggestions 1. Submit private or anonymous suggestions or feedback to the editor / author at: http://bit.ly/electromagnetics-suggestion 2. Share suggestions by annotating on the document using Hypothes.is https://web.hypothes.is View the guide for using Hypothesis to make comments http://bit.ly/userfeedbackguide 3. Submit additional suggestions via email to: publishing@vt.edu Table of Contents Chapter 1: Preliminary Concepts Chapter 2: Electric and Magnetic Fields Chapter 3: Transmission Lines 29 Chapter 4: Vector Analysis Chapter 5: Electrostatics Chapter 6: Steady Current and Conductivity Chapter 7: Magnetostatics Chapter 8: Time-Varying Fields Chapter 9: Plane Wave Propagation in Lossless Media Appendix A: Constitutive Parameters of Some Common Materials Appendix B: Mathematical Formulas Appendix C: Physical Constants The Open Electromagnetics Project at Virginia Tech: This textbook is part of the Open Electromagnetics Project led by Steven W. Ellingson at Virginia Tech. The goal of the project is to create no-cost openly-licensed content for courses in undergraduate engineering electromagnetics. The project is motivated by two things: lowering learning material costs for students and giving faculty the freedom to adopt, modify, and improve their educational resources. Cover design: Robert Browder Cover image: (c) Michelle Yost. Total Internal Reflection (modified by Robert Browder) is licensed with a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license About the Author: Steven W. Ellingson (ellingson@vt.edu) is an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia in the United States. He received PhD and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Ohio State University and a BS in Electrical & Computer Engineering from Clarkson University. He was employed by the US Army, Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Raytheon, and the Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory before joining the faculty of Virginia Tech, where he teaches courses in electromagnetics, radio frequency systems, wireless communications, and signal processing. His research includes topics in wireless communications, radio science, and radio frequency instrumentation. Professor Ellingson serves as a consultant to industry and government and is the author of Radio Systems Engineering (Cambridge University Press, 2016). Suggested citation: Ellingson, Steven W. (2018) Electromagnetics, Vol. 1 (Beta). Blacksburg, VA: VT Publishing. https://doi.org/10.7294/W4WQ01ZM Licensed with CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Publication of this book was made possible in part by the Virginia Tech University Libraries Open Education Faculty Initiative Grant program: http://guides.lib.vt.edu/oer/grants PLEASE NOTE: This item has been superceded by a new version: Electromagnetics Volume 1 (August 2018) which is freely available at: https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-1

Agrotourism is considered as the fastest growing sector in the tourism industry. The concept has been successfully implemented in Maharashtra. It has become a new avenue for earning the income for the rural farmers. In Maharashtra, rural areas have formed an organization named Maharashtra State Agricultural and Rural Tourism (MART). There are about 150 Agro tourism centers in the state working without financial assistance of the Government schemes. Agrotourismfocuses on local Agriculture pattern and agro cultures, wilderness adventures, volunteering, personal growth and learning new ways to live on our vulnerable planet. It is considered the fastest growing market in the tourism industry, according to the World Tourism Organization with an annual growth rate of 5% worldwide and representing 6% of the world Gross Domestic Product, 11.4% of all consumers spending. Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) in India during 2013 were 6.97 million with a growth of 5.9% as compared to the FTAs of 6.58 million during 2012 registering a growth of 4.3% over 2011. The Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEEs) from tourism in terms of US dollars during 2013 was US$ 18.445 billion with a growth of 4.0% as compared to FEE of US$ 17.737 billion during 2012 registering a growth of 7.1% over 2011. Substantial growth was observed in domestic tourism sector as the domestic tourist visits during the year 2013 was 1145 million, showing a growth of 9.59% over 2012. Tourism or Agrotourism is inherent desire of human beings, which developed with the progress of human civilization. Every man on this planet earth is very fond of tourism, hence always attracted towards nature. The mountains, hills, valleys, oceans, rivers, lakes, islands, waterfalls, forests, wild animals, birds, butterflies etc. have become important attractions for the agrotourists. The improved standard of life and economic status of middle class society has brought ecotourism within their reach. At present there is pressing demand for planned, well-developed and perfectly managed ecotourism. India is truly famous for hospitality. "AtithiDeoBhav", means the visitors or guests are equal to God in Indian culture due to which India become the top most place for ecotourism in the world. The diverse culture, rich bio diversity, conductive climate, greenery and the peaceful as well as spiritual mind of the Indian people have become the main attractions for ecotourism as well as Agrotourism. The pleasant weather, natural lakes, green hills, beautiful valleys and agriculture (Manly paddy field) are the main attractions for agrotourists in BhorTahsil Pune district. Hence there is an urgent need to investigate the hidden potential of Agrotourismmanagement and sustainable development. Not only this, but it also become the potential area of employment to rural people and youth. Ecotourism development may become pivotal for socioeconomic transformation of villages with naturalecotourism sites.

This study aims to describe local specialties that have the potential to become halal food in order to boost the economy of local communities in three areas including Lakbok sub-district, Kedungreja sub-district, and Wangon sub-district. In the halal food sector or halal food in Indonesia, especially in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, as it is now, it has become a necessity. This is because 1) Indonesia is one of the largest Muslim population in the world. 2) traditional regional specialties also need to be developed in order to boost the economy of the local community. 3) Support from the government in an effort to make Indonesia the world's halal center. 4) If the potential of the halal industry is not developed, it will become a threat to the Indonesian economy. This research method uses field studies with data obtained from observations and interviews and documentation. The results showed that halal food in the three sub-districts was able to boost the economy of the people in the area, as evidenced by the sufficient daily needs needed by the people in the three sub-districts. Various foods that can be used as halal food in these three sub-districts are varied, including cassava based chips, Tape, Cimplung or Kulub and Ciu, from soybean ingredients including Sule and Tempe Mendoan, from legen ingredients (coconut juice) can be made into Javanese sugar / brown sugar and can also be used as a mixture for making apem / cake foods. However, from the potential of halal food, some are already labeled halal and some are not labeled halal. This is what makes halal food in these three sub-districts less attractive to consumers. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan makanan khas lokal daerah yang berpotensi menjadi makanan halal (halal food) guna mendongkrak perekonomian masyarakat daerah yang berada di tiga wilayah meliputi kecamatan Lakbok, kecamatan Kedungreja, dan kecamatan Wangon. Dalam sektor makanan halal atau halal food di Indonesia khususnya di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 seperti sekarang ini telah menjadi sebuah keniscayaan. Hal ini dikarenakan 1) Indonesia masuk pada penduduk muslim terbesar di Dunia. 2) makan tradisional khas daerah juga perlu dikembangkan dalam rangka mendongkrak perekonomian masyarakat setempat. 3) Dukungan dari pemerintah dalam usaha menjadikan Indonesia sebagai pusat halal dunia. 4) Jika potensi industri halal ini tidak dikembangkan maka justru menjadi ancaman bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi lapangan dengan data yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa halal food di tiga kecamatan tersebut mampu mendogkrak perekonomian masyarakat di wilayah tersebut, dibuktikan dengan cukupnya kebutuhan sehari-hari yang diperlukan oleh masyarakat di tiga kecamatan tersebut. Aneka makanan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai halal food di tiga kecamatan ini beragam, diantaranya dari berbahan singkong adalah Kripik, Tape, Cimplung atau Kulub dan Ciu, dari bahan kedelai meliputi Sule dan Tempe Mendoan, dari bahan legen (air nira kelapa) dapat dijadikan buat menjadi gula jawa / gula merah dan dapat juga dijadikan sebagai campuran pembuatan makanan apem/kue. Namun dari potensi halal food tersebut ada yang sudah berlabel halal dan juga ada yang belum berlabel halal. Inilah yang menjadikan halal food ditiga kecamatan tersebut kurang diminati oleh konsumennya.

Revolusi industri 4.0 melahirkan banyak harapan baru pada sektor inovasi, salah satunya yakni sektor industri kreatif yangmenghasilkan banyak pelaku usaha yang didominasi oleh pemuda dalam bentuk startup. Startup sebagai inovasi industrikreatif memiliki kecenderungan untuk mencari tempat bekerja bersama tim dengan menekan biaya. Sehingga ini menjadisebuah tantangan yang dihadapi adalah memenuhi kebutuhan disertai suasana kondusif dan fasilitas yang memadai.Melihat tantangan ini, Pemerintah Kota Surabaya menghadirkan CAK eMUS (CAngKrukan entrepreneur MUda Surabaya)dalam KORIDOR Coworking Space. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan manajemen strategi sentra kreatifdan teknologi melalui inovasi CAK eMUS dalam KORIDOR Coworking Space Pemerintah Kota Surabaya. Jenispenelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif dengan fokus penelitian berdasarkan Teori ProsesManajemen Strategi oleh Hitt (2001). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CAK eMUS dalam KORIDOR CoworkingSpace sebagai sentra kreatif dan teknologi di Kota Surabaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, yaitu AnalisaLingkungan, Pemerintah Kota Surabaya menemukan peluang dari kebutuhan serta kemajuan yang terjadi, beserta ancaman,kekuatan dan kelemahan yang dimiliki oleh CAK eMUS; Misi dan Tujuan Perusahaan, berdirinya serta tujuan dari CAKeMUS sendiri sesuai dengan misi dan tujuan dari Pemerintah Kota Surabaya; Perumusan Strategi, dengan banyaknyastartup yang berkembang maka penting adanya bagi pengelola untuk mengukur startup tersebut sesuai dengan ketentuan;Implementasi Strategi, kegiatan yang diadakan oleh startup dibawah CAK eMUS yang sesuai dengan ketentuan dalamkeanggotaan; Evaluasi dan monitoring dilakukan Pemerintah Kota Surabaya selaku penyedia ruang kerja. Salah satu saranyang dapat diajukan adalah memberbanyak sosialisasi secara digital dan berkolaborasi bersama pihak startup.Kata Kunci: manajemen strategi, industri kreatif, coworking space, cak emus. The 4.0 industrial revolution gave birth to many new hopes in the innovation sector, one of which was the creative industrysector which produced many businesses dominated by youth in the form of startups. Startups as creative industryinnovations have a tendency to find places to work with teams at reduced costs. So that this is a challenge faced by meetingthese needs accompanied by a conducive atmosphere and adequate facilities. Seeing this challenge, the Surabaya CityGovernment presented CAK eMUS (CangKrukan entrepreneur MUda Surabaya) in the KORIDOR Coworking Space. Thepurpose of this research is to describe the management of creative and technological center strategies through CAK eMUS innovations in the Surabaya City Government's KORIDOR Coworking Space. The type of research used is descriptive-qualitative research with a focus of research based on the Theory of Process Management Strategy by Hitt (2001). The results showed that CAK eMUS in the KORIDOR Coworking Space as a creative and technological center in the City ofSurabaya conducted by the City Government of Surabaya, namely Environmental Analysis, the City Government ofSurabaya found opportunities seen from the needs and progress that occurred, along with threats, strengths andweaknesses owned by CAK eMUS; The Company's mission and objectives, the establishment and objectives of the CAKeMUS itself are in accordance with the mission and objectives of the Surabaya City Government; Strategy Formulation,with any startup that develops, it is important for managers to measure the startup in accordance with the provisions;Implementation of Strategies, activities carried out by startups under CAK eMUS in accordance with the provisions inmembership; Evaluation and monitoring is carried out by the Surabaya City Government as a provider of work space. Oneof the suggests that can be submitted is to digitally disseminate information and collaborate with startups.Keywords: strategy management, creative industry, coworking space, cak emus.

Pricing Carbon Emissions provides an economic critique on the utopian idea of a uniform carbon price for addressing rising carbon emissions, exposing the flaws in the economic propositions with a key focus on the EU's Emissions Trading System (ETS). After an Executive Summary of the contents, the chapters build up understanding of orthodox economics' role in protecting the neoliberal paradigm. A salient case, the ETS is successful in shielding the Business-as-Usual activities of the EU's industry, however this book argues that the system fails in creating innovation for decarbonizing production technologies. A subsequent political economy analysis by the author points to the discursive power of giant fossil fuel and electricity companies keeping up a façade of Cap-and-Trade utopia and hiding the reality of free permit donations and administrative price control, concealing financial bills mostly paid by household electricity customers. The twilights between reality and utopia in the EU's ETS are exposed, concluding an immediate end of the system is necessary for effective and just climate policy. The work argues that the proposition of shifting to a global uniform carbon tax is equally utopian. In practice, a uniform price applied on heterogeneous cases is not a source of benefits but one of ad-hoc adjustments, exceptions, and exemptions. Carbon pricing does not induce innovation, however assumed by the economic models used by IPCC for advising global climate policy. Thus, it is persuasively demonstrated by the author that these schemes are doomed to failure and room and resources need to be created for more effective and just climate politics. The book's conclusion is based on economic arguments, complementing the critique of political scientists. This book is written for a broad audience interested in climate policy eager to understand why decarbonizing progress is slow as it is. It marks a significant addition to the literature on climate politics, carbon pricing and the political economy of the environment more broadly. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

"This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations, thanks to a generous grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, as part of The Sustainable History Monograph Pilot.The histories of East and West Germany traditionally emphasize the Cold War rivalries between the communist and capitalist nations. Yet, even as the countries diverged in their political directions, they had to create new ways of working together economically. In Designing One Nation, Katrin Schreiter examines the material culture of increasing economic contacts in divided Germany from the 1940s until the 1990s. Trade events, such as fairs and product shows, became one of the few venues for sustained links and knowledge between the two countries after the building of the Berlin Wall. Schreiter uses industrial design, epitomized by the furniture industry, to show how a network of politicians, entrepreneurs, and cultural brokers attempted to nationally re-inscribe their production cultures, define a postwar German identity, and regain economic stability and political influence in postwar Europe. What started as a competition for ideological superiority between East and West Germany quickly turned into a shared, politically legitimizing quest for an untainted post-fascist modernity. This work follows products from the drawing board into the homes of ordinary Germans to offer insights into how converging visions of German industrial modernity created shared expectations about economic progress and living standards. Schreiter reveals how intra-German and European trade policies drove the creation of products and generated a certain convergence of East and West German taste by the 1980s. Drawing on a wide range of sources from governments, furniture firms, industrial design councils, home lifestyle magazines, and design exhibitions, Designing One Nation argues that an economic culture linked the two Germanies even before reunification in 1990."

"This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations, thanks to a generous grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, as part of The Sustainable History Monograph Pilot.The histories of East and West Germany traditionally emphasize the Cold War rivalries between the communist and capitalist nations. Yet, even as the countries diverged in their political directions, they had to create new ways of working together economically. In Designing One Nation, Katrin Schreiter examines the material culture of increasing economic contacts in divided Germany from the 1940s until the 1990s. Trade events, such as fairs and product shows, became one of the few venues for sustained links and knowledge between the two countries after the building of the Berlin Wall. Schreiter uses industrial design, epitomized by the furniture industry, to show how a network of politicians, entrepreneurs, and cultural brokers attempted to nationally re-inscribe their production cultures, define a postwar German identity, and regain economic stability and political influence in postwar Europe. What started as a competition for ideological superiority between East and West Germany quickly turned into a shared, politically legitimizing quest for
an untainted post-fascist modernity. This work follows products from the drawing board into the homes of ordinary Germans to offer insights into how converging visions of German industrial modernity created shared expectations about economic progress and living standards. Schreiter reveals how intra-German and European trade policies drove the creation of products and generated a certain convergence of East and West German taste by the 1980s. Drawing on a wide range of sources from governments, furniture firms, industrial design councils, home lifestyle magazines, and design exhibitions, Designing One Nation argues that an economic culture linked the two Germanies even before reunification in 1990."

There is a pressing need to extend the knowledge on the properties of insect protein fractions to boost their use in the food industry. In this study several techno-functional properties of a black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) protein concentrate (BSFPC) obtained by solubilization and precipitation at pH 4.0–4.3 were investigated and compared with whey protein isolate (WPI), a conventional dairy protein used to stabilize food emulsions. The extraction method applied resulted in a BSFPC with a protein content of 62.44% (Kp factor 5.36) that exhibited comparable or higher values of emulsifying activity and foamability than WPI for the same concentrations, hence, showing the potential for emulsion and foam stabilization. As for the emulsifying properties, the BSFPC (1% and 2%) showed the capacity to stabilize sunflower and lemon oil-in-water emulsions (20%, 30%, and 40% oil fraction) produced by dynamic membranes of tunable pore size (DMTS). It was proved that BSFPC stabilizes sunflower oil-in-water emulsions similarly to WPI, but with a slightly wider droplet size distribution. As for time stability of the sunflower oil emulsions at 25 ◦C, it was seen that droplet size distribution was maintained for 1% WPI and 2% BSFPC, while for 1% BSFPC there was a slight increase. For lemon oil emulsions, BSFPC showed better emulsifying performance than WPI, which required to be prepared with a pH 7 buffer for lemon oil fractions of 40%, to balance the decrease in the pH caused by the lemon oil water soluble components. The stability of the emulsions was improved when maintained under refrigeration (4 ◦C) for both BSFPC and WPI. The results of this work point out the feasibility of using BSFPC to stabilize O/W emulsions using a low energy system. ; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (No. 713679) ; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) ; Ministerio de Economía i Competitividad (CTQ 2014-54520-P) ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PGC2018-097095-B-I00)

This work reports the development of renewable cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and ionic liquid (IL) hybrid materials for bending actuator applications. For this purpose, cellulose nanocrystals with different surface charges (neutral, positive and negative) were prepared and increasing amounts of the IL 2-hydroxy-ethyl-trimethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate ([Ch][DHP]) (10 and 25 wt%) were incorporated into the CNC hosting matrix. The morphology of the samples was evaluated, proving that both surface charge and IL incorporation do not affect the characteristic layered structure of the CNC. Atomic force microscopy results reveal a sea-island morphology in the hybrid films, where CNC bundles are surrounded by [Ch][DHP]-rich regions. An increase in the electrical conductivity is observed upon IL incorporation into the CNC matrix, regardless of the CNC surface charge. The highest electrical conductivity values are observed for IL/CNC (+) 25 wt% with an electrical conductivity of 3.18 x 10(-5) +/- 2.75 x 10(-7) S cm(-1) and IL/CNC (-) 10 wt% (1.26 x 10(-5) +/- 5.92 x 10(-6) S cm(-1)). The highest bending displacement of 2.1 mm for an applied voltage of 4.0 Vpp at a frequency of 100 mHz was obtained for the IL/CNC (+) 25 wt% composite, demonstrating the suitability of cellulose to develop soft actuators. ; The authors thank FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia - for financial support under the framework of the Strategic Funding UID/FIS/04650/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 and projects PTDC/BTM-MAT/28237/2017, PTDC/EMD-EMD/28159/2017 and PTDC/FIS-MAC/28157/2017. D. M. C., C. M. C. and L. C. F. also acknowledge FCT for the grants SFRH/BPD/121526/2016, SFRH/BPD/112547/2015 and SFRH/BD/145345/2019, respectively. The authors acknowledge funding by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERFD) through the project PID2019-106099RB-C43/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and from the Basque Government Industry and Education Department under the ELKARTEK and PIBA (PIBA-2018-06) programs, ...

Funding Information: This research was funded by the Latvian Council of Science, project 'Blind spots in the energy transition policy (BlindSpots)', project No. lzp-2018/2-0022. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Lauma Balode, Kristiāna Dolge, Peter D. Lund, Dagnija Blumberga. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). ; It is the responsibility of each member state of the European Union, to prepare a national energy and climate plan and set achievable climate targets and meaningful measures and policies to achieve the targets set. Annex 4 of the Latvian National Energy and Climate Plan for 2030 (hereinafter - NECP) provides an overview of policies and measures to achieve the climate targets. The NECP does not provide information on the impact of the policies or which measures are more important and which are less crucial Similarly, the measures in Annex 4 of the NECP were not determined by industry experts but by ministry officials, therefore, it is not clear whether the proposed measures will achieve the set climate targets, a point also made by European Commission in its evaluation report on NECP. The aim of the study is to develop a tool for the early assessment of the impact of energy and climate policy measures. The study developed a methodology to pre-assess the impacts of the policies identified in the NECP, impacts were described by measures effectiveness and stage of development. With this methodology, it is possible to assess the impact of energy policies using indicators to characterize the effectiveness of the policy and the level of development. The study confirmed that both the multi-criteria analysis and composite index method can be used as methods. The results showed that high impact measures were related to the promotion of energy efficiency in buildings, but low impact measures were comprehensive horizontal measures such as measures related principle 'energy efficiency first' and review of energy efficiency obligation schemes. The indicators with the highest impact on sustainability rate were possible side effects and transparency of policies. ; Peer reviewed

17 pags., 6 figs., 2 tabs. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0 ; The recognition of PPxY viral Late domains by the third WW domain of the HECT-E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 (hNEDD4-WW3) is essential for the completion of the budding process of numerous enveloped viruses, including Ebola, Marburg, HTLV1 or Rabies. hNEDD4-WW3 has been validated as a promising target for the development of novel host-oriented broad spectrum antivirals. Nonetheless, finding inhibitors with good properties as therapeutic agents remains a challenge since the key determinants of binding affinity and specificity are still poorly understood. We present here a detailed structural and thermodynamic study of the interactions of hNEDD4-WW3 with viral Late domains combining isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR structural determination and molecular dynamics simulations. Structural and energetic differences in Late domain recognition reveal a highly plastic hNEDD4-WW3 binding site that can accommodate PPxY-containing ligands with varying orientations. These orientations are mostly determined by specific conformations adopted by residues I859 and T866. Our results suggest a conformational selection mechanism, extensive to other WW domains, and highlight the functional relevance of hNEDD4-WW3 domain conformational flexibility at the binding interface, which emerges as a key element to consider in the search for potent and selective inhibitors of therapeutic interest. ; This research has been financed by grants BIO2009-13261-C02, BIO2012-39922-CO2 and BIO2016-78746-C2-1-R from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (I.L.) including AEI/FEDER EU funds, by CTQ2017-83810-R grant (F.J.B) and by BFU2014-53787-P, the IRB Barcelona and the BBVA Foundation (M.J.M). M.I.B. was a recipient of a research contract from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. M.J.M is an ICREA Programme Investigator. M.J.M. gratefully acknowledges institutional funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the Centres of Excellence Severo Ochoa award, and from the CERCA Programme of the Catalan Government. We also thank the support of the C.I.C. of the University of Granada.

Abstract Background In view of compliance with increasingly stringent environmental legislation, an eco-friendly treatment technology of industrial dyes and effluents is a major environmental challenge in the color industry. In present study, a promising and eco‐friendly entrapment approach was adopted to immobilize purified manganese peroxidase (MnP) produced from an indigenous strain of Ganoderma lucidum IBL-05 on Ca-alginate beads. The immobilized MnP was subsequently used for enhanced decolorization and detoxification of textile reactive dyes). Results MnP isolated from solid-state culture of G. lucidum IBL-05, presented highest immobilization yield (83.9 %) using alginate beads prepared at optimized conditions of 4 % (w/v) sodium alginate, 2 % (w/v) Calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and 0.5 mg/ml enzyme concentration. Immobilization of MnP enhanced optimum temperature but caused acidic shift in optimum pH of the enzyme. The immobilized MnP showed optimum activity at pH 4.0 and 60 °C as compared to pH 5.0 and 35 °C for free enzyme. The kinetic parameters K m and V max of MnP were significantly improved by immobilization. The enhanced catalytic potential of immobilized MnP led to 87.5 %, 82.1 %, 89.4 %, 95.7 % and 83 % decolorization of Sandal-fix Red C 4 BLN, Sandal-fix Turq Blue GWF, Sandal-fix Foron Blue E 2 BLN, Sandal-fix Black CKF and Sandal-fix Golden Yellow CRL dyes, respectively. The insolubilized MnP was reusable for 7 repeated cycles in dye color removal. Furthermore, immobilized MnP also caused a significant reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (94.61-95.47 %), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (91.18-94.85 %), and total organic carbon (TOC) (89.58-95 %) of aqueous dye solutions. Conclusions G. lucidum MnP was immobilized in Ca-alginate beads by entrapment method to improve its practical effectiveness. Ca-alginate bound MnP was catalytically more vigorous, thermo-stable, reusable and worked over wider ranges of pH and temperature as compared to its free counterpart. Results of cytotoxicity like hemolytic and brine shrimp lethality tests suggested that Ca-alginate immobilized MnP may effectively be used for detoxification of dyes and industrial effluents.

BACKGROUND: Global climate change impacts on human and natural systems are predicted to be severe, far reaching, and to affect the most physically and economically vulnerable disproportionately. Society can respond to these threats through two strategies: mitigation and adaptation. Industry, commerce, and government play indispensable roles in these actions but so do individuals, if they are receptive to behavior change. We explored whether the health frame can be used as a context to motivate behavioral reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation measures. METHODS: In 2008, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in the United States using random digit dialing. Personal relevance of climate change from health threats was explored with the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a conceptual frame and analyzed through logistic regressions and path analysis. RESULTS: Of 771 individuals surveyed, 81% (n = 622) acknowledged that climate change was occurring, and were aware of the associated ecologic and human health risks. Respondents reported reduced energy consumption if they believed climate change could affect their way of life (perceived susceptibility), Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.4 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.4-4.0), endanger their life (perceived severity), OR = 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.1), or saw serious barriers to protecting themselves from climate change, OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2-3.5). Perceived susceptibility had the strongest effect on reduced energy consumption, either directly or indirectly via perceived severity. Those that reported having the necessary information to prepare for climate change impacts were more likely to have an emergency kit OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4-3.1) or plan, OR = 2.2 (95% CI: 1.5-3.2) for their household, but also saw serious barriers to protecting themselves from climate change or climate variability, either by having an emergency kit OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.4) or an emergency plan OR = 1.5 (95%CI: 1.0-2.2). CONCLUSIONS: Motivation for voluntary mitigation is mostly dependent on perceived susceptibility to threats and severity of climate change or climate variability impacts, whereas adaptation is largely dependent on the availability of information relevant to climate change. Thus, the climate change discourse could be framed from a health perspective to motivate behaviour change.

Approximately one third of the Finnish working population is exposed to cold ambient temperatures (<+10 °C) at their work due to natural or artificial environments. The longest cold exposure times are experienced in construction and maintenance work, agriculture and forest industry, process industry, traffic and military personnel. Climatic changes in the Arctic are expected to take place in the future and thus the activity of several industries will be increased in the region. Without sufficient protection against cold, windy and moist ambient conditions, cooling of the workers causes discomfort and moreover will impair physical and mental performance. Cold protective clothing creates a microclimate around the worker, and it is required to prevent detrimental cooling and to enable the worker to maintain the thermal balance. This thesis aimed to contribute new scientific information based on effects of clothing size, moderate wind and moisture on heat loss mechanisms through the layered cold protective clothing and how these affect the user's experience on thermal comfort, coping and performance. Finally, the thesis aimed to gather the obtained information and the most significant findings from holistic points of view to determine recommendations for future design and development of cold protective clothing. The effects of layered cold protective clothing were examined from a multi-disciplinary perspective using textile technological and clothing physiological methods combined with thermophysiological and usability evaluation methods both in laboratory and in authentic field conditions. The measured materials consisted of layered fabric and clothing combinations, as well as different types of casualty coverings and protective gloves. The measurements were performed in the air temperature between −20 °C and +27 °C. Convective heat loss was studied in wind speeds of calm (0.3 m/s), moderate (4.0 m/s) and high (8.0 m/s). Effects of moisture from internal and external sources on clothing thermal insulation and heat loss were studied. The study found that the inner layer influenced the most on moisture handling properties, such as heat content for evaporation, drying time, and decrease in thermal insulation when wet. Garment fit and size was shown to affect the thermal insulation by about 20% and it should be considered in standardisation for clothing size and testing of the cold protective clothing. Moisture transfer mechanisms and their effects on the clothing insulation in the cold differed whether the moisture appeared from internal or external sources of the clothing. Wind decreased the intrinsic insulation by up to 33% depending on material air permeability, body position and wind speed and direction. The study also showed that development of the cold protective clothing during several decades provided improved human experiences such as thermal comfort, coping and performance during long-term cold exposure. Well-being at work is supported also by comfort, which is emphasized by thermal and sensorial sensations in the cold climate. Therefore, the findings are significant for improving occupational safety, health, and well-being as well as productivity in outdoor processes.