Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this study is to analyze, using Indonesian media contents, images of China as an Alien and as a country pursuing a policy that is interpreted in Indonesia as anti-Islamic. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of modern nationalist political imagination in the discursive space formed by the Indonesian media. The author comes to the conclusion that in this imaginary space negative images of China are formed, which subsequently circulate in it and are purposefully promoted with the aim of constructing the image of China in Indonesia as a universal ideological and political Other. The article shows that 1) the Indonesian nationalist imagination, through the media, actively reproduces negative images of China as a subject of the policy of assimilation of Muslim minorities on the territory of the PRC, 2) in the discourses of Indonesian expert and analytical communities, narratives are promoted about the authoritarian nature of the political regime of the PRC and its policies aimed at politicizing Islam and its subsequent integration into the functioning mechanism of this regime. Such a policy is interpreted in Indonesia as ideologically limiting the activities of Chinese Muslims and putting them under the control of communist ideology, which gives grounds to characterize the PRC as a political and ideological Other. Narratives that highlight the unresolved problems between the China state and Islamic communities play an important role in promoting the image of the PRC as an undemocratic and authoritarian state. The results of the study suggest that the evolution of anti-Chinese narratives and the further promotion in the Indonesian political imagination of the image of China as a universal Other and a state politically and ideologically alien to Islam will strengthen the legitimation of anti-Chinese phobias and stereotypes traditional for Indonesian society at both the political and religious levels.

The article considers the problem of application of measures of administrative responsibility for violation of legislation on consumer credit information and information constituting credit history. Stability of the banking system is essential to the economic life of society and is associated with law enforcement in the area of banking. Of particular importance to protect the interests of depositors and creditors has application measures against violators of banking legislation. Using administrative responsibility has traditionally been considered one of the most effective response. Proposed changes to the existing legislation to protect the rights of consumers of financial services. In particular, the possibility of bringing to administrative responsibility of officials of the bank for non-compliance with their obligation to provide relevant and reliable information about the list and the price of banking services, other information related to the provision of banking services. And also, the ability to attract employees credit bureau responsible for the violation of the disclosure and use of information constituting a credit history. ; В статье рассмотрены проблемы административной ответственности в сфере банковского кредитования и предложены изменения в действующее законодательство для обеспечения защиты прав потребителей финансовых услуг. ; У статті розглянуто проблеми адміністративної відповідальності у сфері банківського кредитування та запропоновано зміни до чинного законодавства щодо забезпечення захисту прав споживачів фінансових послуг.

The purpose of the paper is to find the ways to solve problems that arise in the work of the Federal Labor Inspectorate to improve the effectiveness of its monitoring and supervisory activities. The article examines the legislative and regulatory documents, treats most urgent violations in the field of labor legislation, assesses the risk-oriented approach to determining the entities controlled. Drawing on the assessment of legal acts that regulate the procedure for carrying out inspections, the authors make proposals to amend certain provisions of the current legislation in the area under study. The article proposes an additional determinant of employers' classification for the appointment of a scheduled inspection based on the likelihood of informal registration of workers and informal payments.

The article is devoted to the current problem of the security of the transport complex and participants in transport legal relations. The author notes that the state of legal regulation of the problem in question in the territories that were previously part of the USSR is of particular importance for ensuring transport security in the Russian Federation. The author analyses and compares the Russian and the CIS countries transport security administrative and legal support systems. Defining the elaboration level of the CISs member countries legislation in the field of transport security as well as problems, differences and contradictions, development of proposals for the terminology unification, forms and methods of cooperation based on the analysis of international legal basis (treaties, memorandums, protocols, agreements etc.), the author comes to the conclusion that not all CIS member states have adopted specialized laws on transport security. The content of the adopted and existing national laws has significant differences from the model law on transport security in terms of objectives, principles, basic concepts as well as administrative and legal means. Hence, the unification of national and international legislation is proposed that would ensure the coordination between the CIS member states in the field of transport security. The present research may be implemented if amendments are made into the legislation that regulates the stated sphere of legal relations. ; Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день проблеме защищенности транспортного комплекса и участников транспортных правоотношений. Автором отмечается, что особое значение для обеспечения транспортной безопасности в Российской Федерации имеет состояние правового регулирования рассматриваемой проблемы на территориях, ранее входивших в состав Союза ССР. Проводится анализ, и дается сравнение систем административно-правового обеспечения транспортной безопасности в России и странах участниках СНГ. Целью исследования стало определение уровня разработанности, проблем, различий и противоречий законодательства в области обеспечения транспортной безопасности в государствах участниках Содружества Независимых Государств, разработка предложений по унификации терминологии, форм и методов сотрудничества на основе анализа международно-правовых оснований (договоров, меморандумов, протоколов, соглашений и т.д.). Автор приходит к выводу, что не всеми государствами-участниками СНГ приняты специализированные законы о транспортной безопасности. Содержание принятых и действующих национальных законов имеет существенные отличия от модельного закона о транспортной безопасности в части целей, задач, принципов, основных понятий и административно-правовых средств. Отсюда предлагается унификация национального и международного законодательства, обеспечивающая координацию деятельности государств участников СНГ в области транспортной безопасности. Настоящее исследование имеет возможность практического применения при внесении изменений в законодательство, регулирующее рассматриваемую область правоотношений.

The article provides a comprehensive legal study of the basic principles of conflict-oflaws and legal regulation of work, complicated by a foreign element. It is determined that work relations complicated by a foreign element include: work of local citizens with foreign employers outside their country; foreign business trips of citizens to work abroad; work at enterprises owned by foreign entrepreneurs on the territory of their state; work of foreigners in the host state. It is noted that conflict-of-laws issues in the field of work relations complicated by a foreign element arise due to the specifics of the national legislation of each of the countries and the inconsistency of private international law in this area. The article analyzes the peculiarities of work of foreigners in Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Romania, USA, Tunisia, Hungary, Ukraine, France, Germany, Czech Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, Japan. Based on the analysis it is concluded that the working conditions of emigrants are regulated by Public Law Regulations, which are mandatory and less humane in their content than the general conditions established by the general labor legislation and collective agreements. Foreign workers are directly dependent on entrepreneurs due to threats of expulsion, language difficulties, lack of professional training and other reasons. It is characterized by free overtime work, non-provision of vacations and sick leave. The article describes the conflict-of-laws bindings, which regulate work relations complicated by a foreign element, namely: the law of the autonomous will of the parties, the law of the place of performing of work, the law of the location of the employer, the law of the place of conclusion of an employment contract, the principle of the employer's personal law, the law of citizenship (domicile), the law of the flag, the principle of the closest connection. The features of the operation of conflict-of-laws bindings regulating work relations complicated by a foreign element in countries of different legal families are considered ; У статті проведено комплексне правове дослідження основних засад колізійно-правового регулювання праці, ускладненого іноземним елементом. Визначено, що до трудових відносин, ускладнених іноземним елементом відносяться: праця місцевих громадян у іноземних роботодавців за межами своєї держави; відрядження громадян для роботи за кордоном; робота на підприємствах, що належать іноземним підприємцям на території своєї держави; праця іноземців у державі перебування. Зазначено, що колізійні питання у сфері трудових відносин, ускладнених іноземним елементом виникають через специфіку національного законодавства кожної з країн та неузгодженість міжнаодного приватного права в даній сфері. Проаналізовано особливості праці іноземців у Австрії, Бразилії, Канаді, КНР, Румунії, США, Тунісі, Угорщині, Україні, Франції,F ФРН, Чехії, Швеції, Швейцарії, Японії. На підставі проведеного аналізу сформовано висновок, що умови праці емігрантів регулюються публічно-правовими приписами, які носять обов'язковий характер і за своїм змістом менш гуманні, ніж загальні умови, встановлені загальним трудовим законодавством і колективними договорами. Іноземні працівники напряму залежать від підприємців через загрози висилки, мовні труднощі, відсутність професійного навчання та інші причини. Характерним є безоплатні надурочні роботи, ненадання відпусток та лікарняних. Надано характеристику колізійним прив'язкам, які регулюють трудові відносини, ускладнені іноземним елементом, а саме: закон автономної волі сторін, закон місця виконання роботи, закон місця знаходження роботодавця, закон місця укладення трудового контракту, принцип особистого закону наймача, закон громадянства (доміцилію), закон прапора, принцип найбільш тісного зв'язку. Розглянуто особливості дій колізійних прив'язок, які регулюють трудові відносини, ускладнені іноземним елементом у країнах різних правових сімей.

The article provides a comprehensive legal study of the basic principles of conflict-oflaws and legal regulation of work, complicated by a foreign element. It is determined that work relations complicated by a foreign element include: work of local citizens with foreign employers outside their country; foreign business trips of citizens to work abroad; work at enterprises owned by foreign entrepreneurs on the territory of their state; work of foreigners in the host state. It is noted that conflict-of-laws issues in the field of work relations complicated by a foreign element arise due to the specifics of the national legislation of each of the countries and the inconsistency of private international law in this area. The article analyzes the peculiarities of work of foreigners in Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Romania, USA, Tunisia, Hungary, Ukraine, France, Germany, Czech Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, Japan. Based on the analysis it is concluded that the working conditions of emigrants are regulated by Public Law Regulations, which are mandatory and less humane in their content than the general conditions established by the general labor legislation and collective agreements. Foreign workers are directly dependent on entrepreneurs due to threats of expulsion, language difficulties, lack of professional training and other reasons. It is characterized by free overtime work, non-provision of vacations and sick leave. The article describes the conflict-of-laws bindings, which regulate work relations complicated by a foreign element, namely: the law of the autonomous will of the parties, the law of the place of performing of work, the law of the location of the employer, the law of the place of conclusion of an employment contract, the principle of the employer's personal law, the law of citizenship (domicile), the law of the flag, the principle of the closest connection. The features of the operation of conflict-of-laws bindings regulating work relations complicated by a foreign element in countries of different legal families are considered ; У статті проведено комплексне правове дослідження основних засад колізійно-правового регулювання праці, ускладненого іноземним елементом. Визначено, що до трудових відносин, ускладнених іноземним елементом відносяться: праця місцевих громадян у іноземних роботодавців за межами своєї держави; відрядження громадян для роботи за кордоном; робота на підприємствах, що належать іноземним підприємцям на території своєї держави; праця іноземців у державі перебування. Зазначено, що колізійні питання у сфері трудових відносин, ускладнених іноземним елементом виникають через специфіку національного законодавства кожної з країн та неузгодженість міжнаодного приватного права в даній сфері. Проаналізовано особливості праці іноземців у Австрії, Бразилії, Канаді, КНР, Румунії, США, Тунісі, Угорщині, Україні, Франції,F ФРН, Чехії, Швеції, Швейцарії, Японії. На підставі проведеного аналізу сформовано висновок, що умови праці емігрантів регулюються публічно-правовими приписами, які носять обов'язковий характер і за своїм змістом менш гуманні, ніж загальні умови, встановлені загальним трудовим законодавством і колективними договорами. Іноземні працівники напряму залежать від підприємців через загрози висилки, мовні труднощі, відсутність професійного навчання та інші причини. Характерним є безоплатні надурочні роботи, ненадання відпусток та лікарняних. Надано характеристику колізійним прив'язкам, які регулюють трудові відносини, ускладнені іноземним елементом, а саме: закон автономної волі сторін, закон місця виконання роботи, закон місця знаходження роботодавця, закон місця укладення трудового контракту, принцип особистого закону наймача, закон громадянства (доміцилію), закон прапора, принцип найбільш тісного зв'язку. Розглянуто особливості дій колізійних прив'язок, які регулюють трудові відносини, ускладнені іноземним елементом у країнах різних правових сімей.

The article investigates comparative legal analysis of constitutional basics regarding perception, recognition, ensuring and observance of individuals' legal status in some Post-Soviet Union countries like Lithuania, Estonia, and others. A wide list of individuals' legal status named in the Main Law of Russia and other Post-Soviet Union countries as the highest social values has been criticized. Attention has been drawn to the fact that constitutions of the Russian Federation, Tadzhikistan and Uzbekistan have the most developed provisions on the legal status of individuals among Post-Soviet Union countries. The main laws of Latvia and Estonia have more declaratory provisions. There is a positive tendency to vest Estonian State Court with the function of constitutional supervision when Turkmen legislators do not even focus on this problem. The authors support the idea of having the Supreme Court with constitutional, anti-criminal, administrative, labor, civil and commercial chambers. This system should be represented at regional courts and local courts should be specialized. It has been underlined that there were numerous violations based on corruption and lack of professionalism during two stages of contest to the cassation court and anti-corruption court of 07.11.2016 and 02.08.2018. As a result, "judges" of these courts did not acquire legitimacy and guarantees of judicial activity. Following this the President of Ukraine should cancel the results of the contest by his order and initiate a re-contest and not re-attestation which is initiated by the party "People's Servant" empowering the same corrupt officials and non-professionals.

With appendix, brief outline of explanations and important orders on labor. (Practical commentary) By E.N. Danilov. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Under the influence of new information technologies, political and administrative interaction according to the formula "state power - civil society" acquires qualitatively new properties based on a deeper mutual penetration. Blogosphere and social networks have come to be united in terms of the concept of social Internet media, performing functions of the mass media, especially the informational one, and at the same time affect the administrative decision-making by various administrative structures at the state level. Blog as a means of mass communication in the political sphere has quite a large and stable popularity. In the context of current trends in the development of the contemporary information society, it were blogs to be considered the most convenient and effective method of informal Internet communication and perceived as the opportunity of realizing freedom of speech, a way to express one's views and, if possible, to influence the audience. Today, a blog is also a well-established, stable and popular genre, originally intended to be relatively free to disseminate one's personal views, to strengthen one's influence on the target audience and to find like-minded people. The selection of the site of your blog is also important in this respect: if micro-blogging within social network services is more popular among representatives of official authorities, then blogs in its classical sense, with the ability to express one's position to the fullest, are the main means of disseminating information in the arsenal of communication channels among politicians of various persuasions. Thus, the blog becomes an effective means of political and administrative communication, widely used by today's government officials who have been able to influence the audience through this very popular mass communication channel. Using the blog as a means of disseminating information allows creating new settings, adjusting existing values and foster new ones among representatives of contact audiences. The texts of the blogs become a full-fledged coherent, whole and complete texts which allows them to be viewed as a media product.

The modern concept of regulation of state control (supervision), municipal control assumes its coordination with the legislation on administrative responsibility to ensure the orderly application of state coercion. At the same time, the basic prerequisites for adjusting the grounds for bringing to administrative responsibility are currently set precisely by the legislation on control (supervision), which is focused on preventing and suppressing violations of mandatory requirements, and not on punishing them. The measures taken to achieve this goal indicate that at the regulatory level in Russia, a model of subordination of proceedings on administrative offences in relation to control and supervisory proceedings is being formed by limiting the grounds for initiating cases of administrative offenses, expressed in noncompliance with mandatory requirements. Within the framework of this model, the legislator introduces special restrictions to the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation regarding the initiation of cases of administrative offences related to noncompliance with mandatory requirements, which are aimed at reducing the administrative burden on economic activity. However, in practice, the relevant legal regulations are applied restrictively and not to the full extent, which makes it dificult to implement the model of administrativelaw measures enshrined in the legislation, by virtue of which bringing to administrative responsibility should follow the conduct of control (supervision), not ahead of them.

The article considers the process of Hong Kong's administrative system formation after its placement under the administration of the British Empire in 1842. A brief description of the local Chinese and expatriate communities is given and the character of their interaction is identified. The transformations of Hong Kong's administrative system at the various stages of its formation are analyzed and its qualitative characteristic is given. The significant language and other barriers to the establishing of interaction between colonial administration and the Chinese community and inefficiency of the administrative control pattern in the 1840-50s are identified. Inefficiency of this pattern is considered as a prerequisite for its development by establishing of the new scheme of civil servants' selection with the aim of teaching them Chinese language and creation of the team of interpreters ready to communicate with the local Chinese. The abovementioned scheme turned out to be efficient and practically laid the foundation for creating Hong Kong's administrative system. The author comes to the conclusion that the new scheme trained specialists made an important contribution to the development of Hong Kong, which from the periphery of the Qing Empire was transformed to the autonomous outpost of the British Empire. ; Рассматривается процесс формирования административной системы Гонконга после его перехода под юрисдикцию Британской империи в 1842 г. Дается краткое описание местного китайского сообщества и сообщества экспатриантов, выявляется характер их взаимодействия. Проводится анализ трансформаций административной системы Гонконга на различных этапах ее формирования и дается ее качественная характеристика. Выявляются существенные языковые и иные препятствия для налаживания взаимоотношений колониальной администрации и китайского сообщества, выявляется неэффективность модели административного управления, существовавшей в Гонконге в 1840-1850-е гг. Несостоятельность этой модели рассматривается как предпосылка ее усовершенствования путем новой схемы отбора кадров на государственную службу с целью обучения их китайскому языку и создания штата переводчиков, готовых к коммуникации с китайским населением колонии. Данная схема оказалась эффективной и фактически стала фундаментом для формирования административной системы Гонконга. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что подготовленные по новой схеме специалисты внесли большой вклад в развитие Гонконга, который из окраинной территории имперского Китая превратился в самоуправляемый форпост Британской империи.