Suchergebnisse

In this paper I argue that the discourse theoretic account of human rights defended by Jürgen Habermas contains a fruitful tension that is obscured by its dominant tendency to identify rights with legal claims. This weakness in Habermas's account becomes manifest when we examine how sweatshops diminish the secure enjoyment of subsistence, which Habermas himself (in recognition of the UDHR) recognizes as a human right. Discourse theories of human rights are unique in tying the legitimacy of human rights to democratic deliberation and consensus. So construed, their specific meaning and force is the outcome of historical political struggle. However, unlike other legal rights, they possess universal moral validity. In this paper I argue that this tension between the legal and moral aspects of human rights can be resolved if and only if human rights are conceived as moral aspirations and not simply as legal claims. In particular, I shall argue that there are two reasons why human rights must be understood as moral aspirations that function non-juridically: First, the basic human goods to which human rights provide secure access are determinable only in relation to basic human capabilities that are progressively revealed in the course of an indefinite (fully inclusive and universal) process of collective learning; second, the institutional impediments to enjoying human rights are cultural in nature and cannot be remedied by means of legal coercion.

El presente trabajo pretende destacar la importancia que reviste la titulación de la vivienda, en tanto recaudo que garantiza una tenencia segura del inmueble, impidiendo que el grupo familiar que lo habita sea perturbado en su uso y goce. En tal dirección, se analiza la consagración constitucional del derecho de acceso a la vivienda digna y la jerarquía que este derecho humano fundamental ha adquirido con la incorporación de tratados internacionales al ordenamiento jurídico nacional. Luego se aborda el aspecto de este derecho que hace a la titulación de la vivienda, que garantiza una ?tenencia segura? del espacio que habita el grupo familiar, pudiendo repeler cualquier tipo de perturbación, hostigamiento o amenaza de desalojo; así como las distintas relaciones que pueden presentarse y los derechos que cada una de ellas concede a sus titulares. Finalmente, el trabajo enfatiza la importancia que revisten las políticas públicas que el estado -en sus tres niveles de gobierno adopte en materia de regularización dominial y saneamiento de la titulación; como así también instar en dicha tarea a la colaboración de los operadores jurídicos con injerencia en la materia ; Taking into account the premise that the title deed to prove ownership is an essential aspect of the constitutional right of access to adequate housing, we elaborate a diagnosis of the current situation in Argentina regarding that issue in the most vulnerable sectors of the population. We emphasize the key role of public policy on issuing title deeds and regularization dominial, and the importance of collaboration of notarial number in this task. In this regard, we list and briefly explain the national and provincial legislation aim to eradicate this issue, and finally we associate the activity and the contribution that the notarial number performed in this work, emphasizing the social role of that profession ; Fil: Barriviera, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales; Argentina ; Fil: Muñoz, Elida Lorena. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Martín, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales; Argentina ; Fil: Andriola, Karina Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.jurídicas y Sociales. Instituto de Cultura Jurídica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

The aim of spatial policy is both to protect specific values of space and to rationally shape it by stimulating social and economic processes. Protective activities include striving to maintain a balance between economic, social and environmental elements. For spatial planning to be an effective public policy tool, it must cover all aspects of socio-economic life. In the social stream, one of the most important are decisions in the field of health by reducing differences in access to health and education services in regions, including health education. This education can contribute to shaping correct health attitudes and eliminate the diversity in this area between young people living in urban and rural areas. In order to determine the spatial (urban-rural) differentiation in shaping health attitudes, a field study of young adults of various types of secondary schools, i.e. vocational schools, technical schools and general schools in the Mazowieckie voivodship has been carried out. In the light of the study, the thesis on the existence of the differentiation in health behaviours between young people living in cities and those living in villages has not been confirmed. Big differences in these youth behaviours have not been revealed. However, differences appeared between types of schools. It turned out that the studied youth from the Mazowieckie Voivodeship learning in vocational schools, to a lesser extent than young people attending general schools and technical schools, recognize situations threatening their health in the form of weaker nutrition, e.g. eating fewer vegetables or frequent contacts with psychoactive substances. A general conclusion from the research is that the most important seems to be promoting and spreading the knowledge about health through lifestyle education, with an emphasis on the youth attending vocational schools, as those in need of the strongest substantive and infrastructural support.

I position my doctoral thesis in the broad field of organization science; it stands within the domains of business ethics, sustainability, and corporate responsibility. I appreciate the emergence of a globalized world whereby countries, people, and businesses are connected to each other through economic, political, social, and technological ties. The globalized economies and societies pose complex and multifaceted challenges. To cope with these challenges, businesses will have to assume newer responsibilities and roles. These responsibilities originate from the evolving societal expectations about businesses and their duties. Hence social discourse on business responsibility should highlight the emerging societal expectations. Further, within businesses, the responsibility discourse should give an insight to the reaction of businesses to these emerging responsibilities. And, finally these discourses should affect the consumers' cognitive development, and consequently impact their attitudes and behaviors. The challenges of sustainability and corporate responsibility are complex, conflicting and at times contradictory. It is imperative to bank on our ability to communicate, to discuss and to co-create universally applicable rules. Therefore I adopt a discursive approach in my thesis, and use Habermas' theory of communicative action (1981) as an overarching theoretical framework. The thesis contains three research studies, each focusing on one aspect of responsibility, thus covering the three levels of responsibility discourse: societal, corporate and individual. The first article presents a thematic analysis of the business responsibility discourse in popular CSR and sustainability books. Content analyses is used to elicit the apparent and latent responsibility themes of the sample books. The second article focuses on the patterns of social disclosure among large French corporations. The responsibility discourse is analyzed through content analyses of the annual reports of CAC-40 companies. The last article is ...

I position my doctoral thesis in the broad field of organization science; it stands within the domains of business ethics, sustainability, and corporate responsibility. I appreciate the emergence of a globalized world whereby countries, people, and businesses are connected to each other through economic, political, social, and technological ties. The globalized economies and societies pose complex and multifaceted challenges. To cope with these challenges, businesses will have to assume newer responsibilities and roles. These responsibilities originate from the evolving societal expectations about businesses and their duties. Hence social discourse on business responsibility should highlight the emerging societal expectations. Further, within businesses, the responsibility discourse should give an insight to the reaction of businesses to these emerging responsibilities. And, finally these discourses should affect the consumers' cognitive development, and consequently impact their attitudes and behaviors. The challenges of sustainability and corporate responsibility are complex, conflicting and at times contradictory. It is imperative to bank on our ability to communicate, to discuss and to co-create universally applicable rules. Therefore I adopt a discursive approach in my thesis, and use Habermas' theory of communicative action (1981) as an overarching theoretical framework. The thesis contains three research studies, each focusing on one aspect of responsibility, thus covering the three levels of responsibility discourse: societal, corporate and individual. The first article presents a thematic analysis of the business responsibility discourse in popular CSR and sustainability books. Content analyses is used to elicit the apparent and latent responsibility themes of the sample books. The second article focuses on the patterns of social disclosure among large French corporations. The responsibility discourse is analyzed through content analyses of the annual reports of CAC-40 companies. The last article is ...

Finding the ''right people'' is a central aspect of social media systems. Twitter has millions of users who have varied interests, professions and personalities. For those in fields such as advertising and marketing, it is important to identify certain characteristics of users to target. However, Twitter users do not generally provide sufficient information about themselves on their profile which makes this task difficult. In response, this work sets out to automatically infer professions (e.g., musicians, health sector workers, technicians) and personality related attributes (e.g., creative, innovative, funny) for Twitter users based on features extracted from their content, their interaction networks, attributes of their friends and their activity patterns. We develop a comprehensive set of latent features that are then employed to perform efficient classification of users along these two dimensions (profession and personality). Our experiments on a large sample of Twitter users demonstrate both a high overall accuracy in detecting profession and personality related attributes as well as highlighting the benefits and pitfalls of various types of features for particular categories of users.

Las formas de la protesta social en España, entendidas como prácticas de participación política, contienen elementos que remiten a la recuperación y la práctica por parte de la ciudadanía de lo que consideran como verdadera democracia. En un contexto de crisis económica y social, frente a la ausencia de soberanía de unos gobiernos sometidos que prefieren rescatar a los bancos antes que a la ciudadanía, la sociedad española intenta rescatar la democracia. En España, tras caer desde las cotas más altas del consumo al enorme socavón de desempleo y pobreza, y tras los sucesos del 15M y el movimiento asociado surgido a la sazón, se puede observar cómo la protesta social ha pasado de la reivindicación de una democracia real como objeto difuso y multidimensional a la reivindicación de recuperación de las facetas concretas del estado de bienestar (principal logro de la democracia representativa liberal) que han sido canceladas por las políticas económicas de austeridad. El análisis de las formas de protesta (movilizaciones, manifiestos) nos lleva al encuentro con dos tipos de participación política: a) un tipo de participación política que supone una continuación 15M (con un mayor peso del componente expresivo, emocional de la acción política) que tiene como marco de producción de discursos y prácticas la idea de transformación social hacia otro modelo productivo y medioambiental, de representación política, de cambio cultural; y b) un tipo de participación política (con un mayor peso del componente racional, cognitivo) que tiene como marco de producción de discursos y prácticas la resistencia (retorno, adaptación), frente a la mutación del Estado. Como ejemplos del primer modelo tendríamos las convocatorias de «rodea el congreso», «marchas de la dignidad» y «escraches»; como ejemplos del segundo se identifican las «mareas ciudadanas». Entre medias se pueden encontrar las plataformas de ayuda a las víctimas de la crisis (PAH).___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ABSTRACT: The forms of social protest in Spain, understood as practices of political participation, contain elements referring to recovery and practice by the citizens of what they see as «true democracy». In a context of economic and social crisis, facing the absence of sovereignty of subjected governments that prefer rescue banks than citizens; Spanish society tries to rescue democracy. In Spain, after falling from the highest levels of consumption to huge sinkhole of unemployment and poverty; and after the events of 15M and the associated movement that emerged at the time, it can be seen how social protest has passed from the claim for real democracy as diffuse and multidimensional object, to the vindication of recovery of specific aspects of the welfare state (main achievement of liberal representative democracy) that have been canceled by the economic policies of austerity. The analysis of the forms of political protest (demonstrations, manifestos) leads us to encounter two types of political participation: a) a type of political participation which is a continuation of 15M (with a greater weight expressive and emotionally of political action) and has as a frame of speech production and practices the idea of social transformation to another productive and environmental model of political representation, cultural change; and b) a type of political participation, weighing more rational, cognitive component, and has as a frame of discourse production and practices, resistance (return adaptation) to the mutation of the state. Examples of the first model would have the calls of «surrounding the congress», «dignity marches» and «escraches»; as examples of the second «citizen's tides» are identified. In between you can find platforms that help the victims of the crisis (PAH).

Цель работы. Фокус анализа сосредоточен на изучении теоретико-методологических предпосылок исследования феномена социальной целостности. Характер соцокультурных изменений современной эпохи обнаруживает кризис социальной теории, направленной на исследование социальности Модерна, условия и механизмы ее развития. На фоне классической методологии исследования проблемы аристотелевской политической философии, трактующей социальность как аспект политического, и конструирующей методологию изучения современного общества, попытки преодолеть кризис рационального проекта реализуют себя в формировании идеологии коммунитаризма. В качестве альтернативы рационалистическому индивидуализму либеральной теории общества, последняя пытается решить вопрос социальной целостности, порядка через обнаружение потенциала общностных образований. Общности (сообщества, коммуны) выступают теми моделями социальности, потенциал которых способен преодолеть индивидуализм современного человека и общества, разрушить культ этатизма. Таким образом, в качестве методологии исследования проблемы социальной целостности используется коммунитарный подход, актуализирующий потенциал общностных отношений. Данный методологический шаг позволяет раскрывать социальность на качественно ином социокультурном уровне анализа, как определенную модель человеческих отношений, чьим основанием выступают не только экономико-правовые отношения (отношения, собственности, распределения труда и власти и т.п.), но прежде всего духовные (общностная культура, связи, неформальный характер регламентации отношений, семейственность и т.п.). Выводы. Таким образом, исследование общностного потенциала, механизмов и логики формирования и презентации феномена в современном обществе, позволяет выявить условия социальной целостности, а, следовательно, преодолеть проблему кризиса социальности о которой заявляют современные исследователи. Научная новизна работы заключается в попытке расширения эвристических возможностей коммунитарной теории в аспекте анализа проблемы социальной целостности с целью конструирования комплексной методологии исследования проблемы. ; The purpose. The article focuses on the study analysis of the theoretical and methodological preconditions of the social integrity phenomenon research. The nature of the modern social and cultural changes discloses a crisis of the social theory that is aimed to study the conditions and mechanisms of the social modernity development. Modern social theory appears against the background of the classical research methodology issues Aristotle''s political philosophy, which interprets sociality as a political aspect. However, modern social theory attempts to overcome the crisis of the rational project by forming a communitarians' ideology. In order to solve the problem of the social integrity and order, being an alternative to the rationalistic individualism of society liberal theory, the theory of communitarism reveals the potential of communities. The communities are those models of social that can overcome individualism of a modern man and society, destroy the cult of statism. Thus, as a research methodology of the social integrity issues the communitarian approach is used, as it actualizes the potential of the communities. This methodological step reveals the social at a qualitatively different socio-cultural level of analysis, as a certain model of the human relations that base not only on the economic and legal relations (relations, property, division of labor and power, etc.), but also, and above all, on the spiritual ones (culture of community, communication, informal regulation of relations, etc.). The scientific novelty of this work is to try to expand the heuristic possibilities of the com munitarian theory in terms of the analysis of the social integrity problems in order to create a comprehensive research methodology of the problem. Conclusions. Thus, the study of the community potential, its mechanisms and the logic of its generation and presentation in the modern society allows to reveal the conditions of the social integrity. Therefore, it will allow to overcome the problem of the social crisis, which is stated by the modern researchers.

Le processus d'accession de l'Algérie à l'OMC, qui a débuté en 1987 dans le cadre du GATT, est de loin le plus long parmi les négociations en cours. Malgré ce délai, un certain nombre de problèmes importants doivent encore être réglés pour aboutir à un accord. Le passage du GATT à l'OMC a sans doute rendu la négociation plus complexe dans la mesure où les exigences de l'OMC en matière d'ouverture portent sur un nombre plus important d'activités productives que celles du GATT, et notamment sur les services. Mais plus fondamentalement, la structure particulière de son économie et de son commerce extérieur ne prédisposait pas l'Algérie à solliciter prématurément son adhésion au GATT. Cette démarche volontariste, motivée à l'origine par une profonde volonté de réforme et de changement structurel, a subi ensuite les vicissitudes et la trajectoire heurtée des réformes économiques et de la transition. Cependant, si la longueur du processus peut s'expliquer par la difficulté pour les autorités algériennes à trouver un consensus sur la nécessité de cette adhésion, un autre aspect de la question est celui de l'intérêt pour l'Algérie d'entrer à l'OMC. Il appelle une étude des impacts attendus, tant au plan économique qu'institutionnel. Ce papier traite le premier aspect par une lecture en termes d'économie politique du processus d'adhésion. Il examine également les enjeux de l'accession de l'Algérie à l'OMC dans certains secteurs clé.

Le processus d'accession de l'Algérie à l'OMC, qui a débuté en 1987 dans le cadre du GATT, est de loin le plus long parmi les négociations en cours. Malgré ce délai, un certain nombre de problèmes importants doivent encore être réglés pour aboutir à un accord. Le passage du GATT à l'OMC a sans doute rendu la négociation plus complexe dans la mesure où les exigences de l'OMC en matière d'ouverture portent sur un nombre plus important d'activités productives que celles du GATT, et notamment sur les services. Mais plus fondamentalement, la structure particulière de son économie et de son commerce extérieur ne prédisposait pas l'Algérie à solliciter prématurément son adhésion au GATT. Cette démarche volontariste, motivée à l'origine par une profonde volonté de réforme et de changement structurel, a subi ensuite les vicissitudes et la trajectoire heurtée des réformes économiques et de la transition. Cependant, si la longueur du processus peut s'expliquer par la difficulté pour les autorités algériennes à trouver un consensus sur la nécessité de cette adhésion, un autre aspect de la question est celui de l'intérêt pour l'Algérie d'entrer à l'OMC. Il appelle une étude des impacts attendus, tant au plan économique qu'institutionnel. Ce papier traite le premier aspect par une lecture en termes d'économie politique du processus d'adhésion. Il examine également les enjeux de l'accession de l'Algérie à l'OMC dans certains secteurs clé.

Le processus d'accession de l'Algérie à l'OMC, qui a débuté en 1987 dans le cadre du GATT, est de loin le plus long parmi les négociations en cours. Malgré ce délai, un certain nombre de problèmes importants doivent encore être réglés pour aboutir à un accord. Le passage du GATT à l'OMC a sans doute rendu la négociation plus complexe dans la mesure où les exigences de l'OMC en matière d'ouverture portent sur un nombre plus important d'activités productives que celles du GATT, et notamment sur les services. Mais plus fondamentalement, la structure particulière de son économie et de son commerce extérieur ne prédisposait pas l'Algérie à solliciter prématurément son adhésion au GATT. Cette démarche volontariste, motivée à l'origine par une profonde volonté de réforme et de changement structurel, a subi ensuite les vicissitudes et la trajectoire heurtée des réformes économiques et de la transition. Cependant, si la longueur du processus peut s'expliquer par la difficulté pour les autorités algériennes à trouver un consensus sur la nécessité de cette adhésion, un autre aspect de la question est celui de l'intérêt pour l'Algérie d'entrer à l'OMC. Il appelle une étude des impacts attendus, tant au plan économique qu'institutionnel. Ce papier traite le premier aspect par une lecture en termes d'économie politique du processus d'adhésion. Il examine également les enjeux de l'accession de l'Algérie à l'OMC dans certains secteurs clé.

Introduction -- A History of Hunting and Hunting Perceptions -- Hunting Trophies -- Hunters and Antihunters -- Trophy Hunting and Conservation -- Fair Chase and Sport Hunting -- Anthropomorphism and "Viralability" -- The Morality of Trophy Hunting -- Trophy Hunting Now.

"This innovative work combines a rigorous academic analysis of the political economy of organ supply for transplantation with autobiographical narratives that illuminate the complex experience of being an organ recipient. A Political Economy of Organ Transplantation is of interest to students and academics with an interest in bioethics, sociology of health and illness, medical anthropology, and science and technology studies"--

1. Introduction -- 2. Understanding Legitimacy In Weber's Perspectives And In Contemporary Society -- 3. Procedural Justice, Perceived Legitimacy And Willingness To Cooperate With The Police -- 4. Can Procedural Justice Nurture Young People's Perceptions Of Police Legitimacy? -- 5. Use Of Force, Corruption, And Implication For Trust In The Police -- 6. Procedural (In)Justice, Police Abuse Of Power, And Public Cynicism About The Law -- 7. Why Do Nigerians Comply With The Law? Assessing The Intersection Between Dull Compulsion, Perceived Legitimacy, And Compliance With The Law -- 8. Public Satisfaction With The Police: A Study Of Normative Expectations, Procedural Justice, And Treatment Outcome In Nigeria -- 9. Predatory Policing, Police Abuse, And Implication For Trust And Cooperation With Police -- 10. Conclusion.