Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 The growth of private prisons -- The numbers of private prisons and prisoners -- Security levels at private prisons -- Financing arrangements and types of contract -- Summary -- Notes -- 2 Accountability and the political context of privatization -- Factors underlying contemporary moves towards privatization -- Moral conundrums and the impact of privatization upon penal policy and practice -- Penal policy implications -- Tenets of accountability -- Summary -- Notes -- 3 Accountability, monitoring and capture -- The basic theory of 'capture' -- Examples of capture in regulatory areas other than prisons -- Refining the theory of capture 3 -- Private prisons and the question of statute-based or contract- based monitoring arrangements -- The process of capture in private prisons -- Acknowledging the risk of capture: a new theoretical paradigm for private prisons -- Notes -- 4 Accountability mechanisms in public sector prisons and their applicability to private prisons -- Constitutional and parliamentary mechanisms -- Legislative and judicial mechanisms -- Inquisitorial and administrative mechanisms -- Summary -- Notes -- 5 Letting the contract and setting the terms -- Inputs and outputs -- Secrecy -- Evaluating bids -- Summary -- Notes -- 6 Prison personnel, the administration of punishment and the impact of privatization upon penal policy -- Personnel -- The allocation of punishment and its administration -- Penal policy and the profit motive -- Summary -- Notes -- 7 Financial accountability and control -- Capital outlays in DCFM contracts -- Management contracts -- External and internal accountability mechanisms -- Market forces -- Summary -- Notes -- 8 Comparing public and private prisons

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- 1 Napoleon and the British Navy after Trafalgar -- 2 Tarry of a Threat to India, 1768-1774 -- 3 England vs Spain in America, 1739-1748: The Spanish Side of the Hill -- 4 The Defence of British Trade with the Baltic, 1808-1813 -- 5 Preparing for the Russian War: British Strategic Planning, March 1853-March 1854 -- 6 The Establishment of the Western Squadron as the Lynchpin of British Naval Strategy -- 7 Problems of an Amphibious Power: Britain against France, 1793-1815 -- 8 Sailors and Gentlemen of Parade: Some Professional and Technical Problems Concerning the Conduct of Combined Operations in the Eighteenth Century -- 9 Wars, Blockade, and Economic Change in Europe, 1792-1815 -- 10 The North Sea in Wartime, 1688-1713 -- 11 A Means to an End: Gunboats and Thomas Jefferson's Theory of Defense -- 12 The French Navy, 1748-1762: Problems and Perspectives -- 13 Bridge and Bulwark: The Swedish Navy and the Baltic, 1500-1809 -- 14 Selīm III and the Ottoman Navy -- 15 The Methodology of British Amphibious Operations during the Seven Years and American Wars -- 16 Image and Reality in Eighteenth-Century Naval Tactics -- 17 Responding to the Nineteenth Century: The Royal Navy and the Introduction of the Screw Propeller -- 18 Admiralty Relations with the Treasury, 1783-1806: The Preparation of Naval Estimates and the Beginnings of Treasury Control -- 19 The Earl of Egmont and the Navy, 1763-6 -- 20 Financing the French Navy in the Seven Years War: Beaujon, Goossens et Compagnie in 1759 -- 21 Efficiency in Dockyard Administration 1660-1800: A Reassessment -- 22 From Shipwright to Naval Constructor: The Professionalizaion of the 18th-Century French Naval Shipbuilders -- 23 Graving Docks in France and Spain before 1800.

Although antiretroviral therapy has reduced mortality among people with HIV, inadequate treatment coverage, ageing, and the increasing incidence of organ failure and malignancies mean that high-quality care should include care at the end of life. This Review summarises the epidemiology of HIV in relation to mortality, and the symptoms and concerns of people with AIDS and those living with HIV who have either related or unrelated advanced comorbidities. In response to the evidence of a need for palliative care, the principles and practice of palliative care are described, and the evidence for its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness is appraised. The core practices of palliative care offer a mechanism to enhance the person-centred nature of HIV care; I identify the gaps in this type of care, and present evidence for effective models of care to address these. I detail the policies that prompt governments and health systems to respond to the palliative care needs of their population. Finally, I conclude this Review with evidence-based recommendations to improve the delivery of, and access to, high-quality HIV care until the end of life, reducing unnecessary suffering while optimising person-centred outcomes.

The emergence of private sector management of state prisons over the last 30 years has been controversial. It has been strongly argued that the administration of prisons is a core state function that, morally, should not be delegated. Proponents of this view contend that the State should directly manage its prisons even if it could be demonstrated that the privately managed prisons are superior to publicly managed prisons in achieving positive correctional outcomes or having less repressive regimes or being more sensitive to human rights. Hitherto, this strongly argued moral position has not been directly tested by litigation. In the case described in this article, a challenge to the proposed privatization of an Israel prison was challenged in the Israel Supreme Court. The challenge hinged on the meaning of the Basic Law of Israel which, it was argued, created a super-legislative constitutional right for prisoners to serve their sentences under the direct management of the State. The Supreme Court upheld this argument, in effect accepting that imprisonment is a core state function. It stated that all imprisonment per se contravenes Basic Law provisions relating to life, personal liberty and human dignity. To serve a sentence in a privately managed prison would be a further contravention of the Basic Law. Accordingly, the State should have a monopoly of 'permitted violation of human rights'. The article discusses the implications of this decision both within the domestic context of Israel's imprisonment standards and from the point of view of whether the decision has wider significance for the growth of private management of prisons in other jurisdictions.