Search results

"Navies play an important role in the modern world, and the globalisation of economies, cultures and societies has placed a premium on maritime communications. Modern Naval History demonstrates the importance of naval history today, showing its relevance to a number of disciplines and its role in understanding how navies relate to their host societies. Richard Harding explains why naval history is still important, despite slipping from the attention of policy makers and the public since 1945, and how it can illuminate answers to questions relating to economic, diplomatic, political, social and cultural history. The book explores how naval history has informed these fields and how it can produce a richer and more informed historical understanding of navies and sea power."--Back cover

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 The growth of private prisons -- The numbers of private prisons and prisoners -- Security levels at private prisons -- Financing arrangements and types of contract -- Summary -- Notes -- 2 Accountability and the political context of privatization -- Factors underlying contemporary moves towards privatization -- Moral conundrums and the impact of privatization upon penal policy and practice -- Penal policy implications -- Tenets of accountability -- Summary -- Notes -- 3 Accountability, monitoring and capture -- The basic theory of 'capture' -- Examples of capture in regulatory areas other than prisons -- Refining the theory of capture 3 -- Private prisons and the question of statute-based or contract- based monitoring arrangements -- The process of capture in private prisons -- Acknowledging the risk of capture: a new theoretical paradigm for private prisons -- Notes -- 4 Accountability mechanisms in public sector prisons and their applicability to private prisons -- Constitutional and parliamentary mechanisms -- Legislative and judicial mechanisms -- Inquisitorial and administrative mechanisms -- Summary -- Notes -- 5 Letting the contract and setting the terms -- Inputs and outputs -- Secrecy -- Evaluating bids -- Summary -- Notes -- 6 Prison personnel, the administration of punishment and the impact of privatization upon penal policy -- Personnel -- The allocation of punishment and its administration -- Penal policy and the profit motive -- Summary -- Notes -- 7 Financial accountability and control -- Capital outlays in DCFM contracts -- Management contracts -- External and internal accountability mechanisms -- Market forces -- Summary -- Notes -- 8 Comparing public and private prisons

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- 1 Napoleon and the British Navy after Trafalgar -- 2 Tarry of a Threat to India, 1768-1774 -- 3 England vs Spain in America, 1739-1748: The Spanish Side of the Hill -- 4 The Defence of British Trade with the Baltic, 1808-1813 -- 5 Preparing for the Russian War: British Strategic Planning, March 1853-March 1854 -- 6 The Establishment of the Western Squadron as the Lynchpin of British Naval Strategy -- 7 Problems of an Amphibious Power: Britain against France, 1793-1815 -- 8 Sailors and Gentlemen of Parade: Some Professional and Technical Problems Concerning the Conduct of Combined Operations in the Eighteenth Century -- 9 Wars, Blockade, and Economic Change in Europe, 1792-1815 -- 10 The North Sea in Wartime, 1688-1713 -- 11 A Means to an End: Gunboats and Thomas Jefferson's Theory of Defense -- 12 The French Navy, 1748-1762: Problems and Perspectives -- 13 Bridge and Bulwark: The Swedish Navy and the Baltic, 1500-1809 -- 14 Selīm III and the Ottoman Navy -- 15 The Methodology of British Amphibious Operations during the Seven Years and American Wars -- 16 Image and Reality in Eighteenth-Century Naval Tactics -- 17 Responding to the Nineteenth Century: The Royal Navy and the Introduction of the Screw Propeller -- 18 Admiralty Relations with the Treasury, 1783-1806: The Preparation of Naval Estimates and the Beginnings of Treasury Control -- 19 The Earl of Egmont and the Navy, 1763-6 -- 20 Financing the French Navy in the Seven Years War: Beaujon, Goossens et Compagnie in 1759 -- 21 Efficiency in Dockyard Administration 1660-1800: A Reassessment -- 22 From Shipwright to Naval Constructor: The Professionalizaion of the 18th-Century French Naval Shipbuilders -- 23 Graving Docks in France and Spain before 1800.

Although antiretroviral therapy has reduced mortality among people with HIV, inadequate treatment coverage, ageing, and the increasing incidence of organ failure and malignancies mean that high-quality care should include care at the end of life. This Review summarises the epidemiology of HIV in relation to mortality, and the symptoms and concerns of people with AIDS and those living with HIV who have either related or unrelated advanced comorbidities. In response to the evidence of a need for palliative care, the principles and practice of palliative care are described, and the evidence for its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness is appraised. The core practices of palliative care offer a mechanism to enhance the person-centred nature of HIV care; I identify the gaps in this type of care, and present evidence for effective models of care to address these. I detail the policies that prompt governments and health systems to respond to the palliative care needs of their population. Finally, I conclude this Review with evidence-based recommendations to improve the delivery of, and access to, high-quality HIV care until the end of life, reducing unnecessary suffering while optimising person-centred outcomes.