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Bringing together leading scholars from across the UK, North America and mainland Europe, this book provides a uniquely comparative exploration of daily life under dictatorship in 20th-century Europe. With coverage of well-known regimes and some that are relatively underrepresented in the literature from right across the continent, it examines the impact felt on people's lives amidst political administrations characterised by some or all of the following: a one-party state, in which opposition or multiple parties were banned; a cult surrounding the leader; the censorship of the press and other publications; the widespread use of propaganda and political persuasion; and the threat or use of force by the regime and its agents. The chapters investigate crucial questions in relation to life under dictatorships as follows: · What was the impact of censorship on access to news or entertainment? · How was leisure time conducted? · What was the impact of the regime on working life? · What was the scope for dissent and resistance? To what extent were these possible? · How much did the regime coerce the population and how much did it try to indoctrinate? · What was the difference for Party leaders, comrades and members in terms of the possibilities and opportunities that opened up, compared to everyone else in society? · With the shutting down – to a large extent – of civil society and state intrusion into private life, what restrictions were placed on ordinary and day-to-day activities? · What happened to religious life and to cultural life and the arts? · How were personal choices in aspects of life such as reproduction, education and even eating affected by these regimes? · What was the impact of different political ideologies on people's way of life – whether Fascist, Nazi or Communist? This volume addresses these issues and more, striking to the heart of European life in the darkest episodes of its recent history.

This cutting-edge edited collection examines the impact of political and social change upon the modern German family. By analysing different family structures, gender roles, social class aspects and children's socialization, The Family in Modern Germany provides a comprehensive and well-balanced overview of how different political systems have shaped modern conceptualizations of the family, from the bourgeois family ideal right up to recent trends like cohabitation and same-sex couples. Beginning with an overview of the 19th-century family, each chapter goes on to examine changes in family type, size and structure across the different decades of the 20th century, with a focus on the relationship between the family and the state, as well as the impact of family policies and laws on the German family. Lisa Pine and her expert team of contributors draw on a wealth of primary sources, including legal documents, diaries, letters and interviews, and the most up-to-date secondary literature to shed new light on the continuities and changes in the history of the family in modern and contemporary Germany. This book is a fantastic resource for scholars, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates studying modern German history, sociology and social policy

"Lisa Pine's Hitler's 'National Community' explores German culture and society during the Nazi era and analyses how this impacted upon the Germany that followed this fateful regime. Drawing on a range of significant scholarly works on the subject, Pine informs us as to the major historiographical debates surrounding the subject whilst establishing her own original, interpretative arc. The book is divided into four parts. The first section explores the attempts of the Nazi regime to create a Volksgemeinschaft ('national community'). The second part examines men, women, the family, the churches and religion. The third section analyses the fate of those groups that were excluded from the Volksgemeinschaft. The final section of the book considers the impact of the Nazi government upon German culture, in particular focusing on the radio and press, cinema and theatre, art and architecture, music and literature. This new edition includes historiographical updates throughout, an additional chapter on the early Nazi movement and brand new primary source excerpt boxes and illustrations. There is also expanded material on key topics like resistance, women and family, men and masculinity and religion. A crucial text for all students of Nazi Germany, this book provides a sophisticated window into the social and cultural aspects of life under Hitler's rule "--

Introduction / Lisa Pine -- PART ONE. FOOD AND HEALTH. Tischkultur : food choices, cooking and diet in Nazi Germany / Nancy Reagin -- Vice in the Third Reich? : alcohol, tobacco and drugs / Jonathan Lewy -- Illness in the state of health / Geoffrey Cocks -- PART TWO. LIFESTYLE. Fashioning women in the Third Reich / Irene Guenther -- A holiday from the Nazis? : everyday tourism in the Third Reich / Kristin Semmens -- Playing with the Third Reich : sports, politics and free time in Nazi Germany / David Imhoof -- Representing the Volksgemeinschaft : art in the Third Reich / Joan L. Clinefelter -- PART THREE. RELIGION. Protestantism in Nazi Germany : a view from the margins / Christopher J. Probst -- Catholic life under Hitler / Kevin P. Spicer -- Christmas as Nazi holiday : colonising the Christmas mood / Joe Perry

Cet article souligne que l'histoire des enfants-soldats lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale tient pour une large part au rôle que jouèrent les Jeunesses hitlériennes (Hitlerjugend ou HJ). Il retrace le développement de la Hitlerjugend, mouvement de jeunesse devenu canal de recrutement pour le personnel de guerre. L'Allemagne avait une longue et fière tradition de mouvements de jeunesse au sein de laquelle la HJ occupe une place particulière. Les Jeunesses hitlériennes en vinrent à incarner un esprit ouvertement militaire, que caractérisait une masculinité dure et martiale très différente des autres formes de masculinité qui s'épanouissaient jusqu'alors dans les institutions traditionnelles telles que la famille, l'école et l'église. L'article débute par une exploration de l'histoire des Jeunesses hitlériennes, afin de mettre en contexte la période de guerre, avant d'analyser la formation de ce mouvement, les expériences vécues en temps de guerre et la transformation de ses membres en véritables soldats. Dans la quête d'expansion territoriale ou Lebensraum (« espace vital ») du Troisième Reich, la génération Hitlerjugend joua un rôle important pour la Volksgemeinschaft (« communauté nationale »), la guerre et la conquête de l'empire. Au cœur de la guerre, garçons et filles allemands furent recrutés pour la défense antiaérienne, les premiers parfois envoyés dans les régiments de la Wehrmacht ou de la SS. Enfin, vers la fin de la guerre, de jeunes garçons furent recrutés par la Volkssturm (la milice populaire), défendant l'État national-socialiste jusqu'à la fin en 1945.

This article examines the role played by the BDM in the Nazis’ training and socialization of girls. It analyses training manuals and guidelines, the BDM’s magazine and other sources to demonstrate the norms and values of the organization and the way in which it imbued German girls with Nazi ideology. It considers the extent to which the organization had a modernizing impact on German girls. It examines the racial and behavioural expectations of the girls within the movement and their role in Nazi society, for example as ‘culture bearers’ to the next generation. Future motherhood was an important aspect of girls’ training, but girls were also expected to serve their nation in other ways, especially during the wartime period, when pragmatic concerns created a tendency towards modernity in the roles given to girls.

This book explores the subject of genocide through key debates and case studies. It analyses the dynamics of genocide - the processes and mechanisms of acts committed with the intention of destroying, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, religious or racial group - in order to shed light upon its origins, characteristics and consequences.Debating Genocide begins with an introduction to the concept of genocide. It then examines the colonial genocides at the end of the 19th- and start of the 20th-centuries; the Armenian Genocide of 1915-16; the Nazi `Final Solution'; the Nazi genocide of the Gypsies; mass murder in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge; the genocides in the 1990s in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda; and the genocide in Sudan in the early 21st century. It also includes a thematic chapter which covers gender and genocide, as well as issues of memory and memorialisation. Finally, the book considers how genocides end, as well as the questions of resolution and denial, with Lisa Pine examining the debates around prediction and prevention and the R2P (Responsibility to Protect) initiative.This book is crucial for any students wanting to understand why genocides have occurred, why they still occur and what the key historical discussions around this subject entail.