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The article analyzes the category of relations, establishes its place among other categories. Comprehension of the essence of the stated category opens up wide perspectives for studying complex synergetic processes of discourse system transformation. This determines the relevance of this issue. The objective of the research is to identify the features and aspects of the category of relations, which further lay the basis for the formation of the functional relations and functional space of discourse. Particular attention is paid to functional discourse relations. To characterize them, the author delves into the study of sense relations, which are considered from three main angles: syntagmatic, paradigmatic and derivational. Discourse senses create different types of discursive relations, which, in turn, affect the formation of the functional plane of discourse. It is emphasized that the process of functional discursive relations formation is conditioned by the communicative situation, the cognitive system of the communicants, their social and cultural background. It is concluded that formation of adequate discursive senses corresponding the communicative situation and its goals determines the construction of certain discourse functional relations, which as well affect the transformation of the senses and dynamics of discourse functional system. Discourse sense system formation is a complex multifaceted process implying interdependence and interaction of the senses and relations of discourse. Relations are a discourse-organizing factor, since they contribute to structuring the integral sense plane of discourse.

Abstract
Public health requires collective action—the public best addresses health crises when individuals engage in prosocial behaviors. Failure to do so can have dire societal and economic consequences. This was made clear by the disjointed, politicized response to COVID-19 in the United States. Perhaps no aspect of the pandemic exemplified this challenge more than the sizeable percentage of individuals who delayed or refused vaccination. While scholars, practitioners, and the government devised a range of communication strategies to persuade people to get vaccinated, much less attention has been paid to where the unvaccinated could be reached. We address this question using multiple waves of a large national survey as well as various secondary data sets. We find that the vaccine resistant seems to predictably obtain information from conservative media outlets (e.g. Fox News) while the vaccinated congregate around more liberal outlets (e.g. MSNBC). We also find consistent evidence that vaccine-resistant individuals often obtain COVID-19 information from various social media, most notably Facebook, rather than traditional media sources. Importantly, such individuals tend to exhibit low institutional trust. While our results do not suggest a failure of sites such as Facebook's institutional COVID-19 efforts, as the counterfactual of no efforts is unknown, they do highlight an opportunity to reach those who are less likely to take vital actions in the service of public health.

AbstractWater management has become quite a complex task because of population pressure, climate change, and urbanization. Future young water professionals (YWPs) need to be capable of working with real‐world situations, and they need to be trained suitably so that they can effectively communicate with decision‐makers and enable innovative ideas to be adopted in policy development and actions on the ground. To get the ideas converted into actions, we need YWPs who are well‐trained not only in water science and engineering but also in social, economic, governance, policy, and other related aspects. Overall, well‐designed transdisciplinary training can help YWPs to bring new thinking and leadership in their workplace, including water governance, stakeholder involvement, critical thinking, problem analysis, and effective communication in various situations. Furthermore, such training can help YWPs develop their vision and capacity for more effective planning, design, implementation, and management of water projects and initiatives. As part of their training, YWPs need to develop their competencies, namely, problem‐solving, transdisciplinary and systemic thinking, and effective communication, through working on real‐world projects of selected clients. The next issue of World Water Policy Journal will be a Special Issue focusing on the work of YWPs involved in two initiatives in South Asia. Activities through the Australia–India Water Centre Program for capacity building for Indian YWPs in Sustainable Water Futures will be one of the initiatives presented.

The article presents the theoretical aspects of teaching Polish history at schools from 1945 to 1994. The author emphasizes that the Poles undeniably are a nation whose identity and national character have been shaped to a great extent by tradition and history education. It has been proven that the national character is formed in the course of history and the factors contributing to it may be easily recognized. When the national character manages to specify itself it tends to stability and rejection or assimilation destructive influence. It turned out that of great importance is that the national character is never exclusively unique or uncommon; it is rather a combination of widespread features typical for many nations. These two trends of historical influence existed side by side despite their contrary character which was especially clear within fifty years. The formation of the historical consciousness of the contemporary Poles has been proudly influenced by the image of the interwar period of 1918-1939. The author concludes that the expansion of history propaganda function did not result in a change in social awareness of history. People rejected the official history (even reliably presented facts) since they still had in mind the practice of the Stalin period and the faults of the recent history; instead, they resorted to 'private' history which was frequently based on books of the 19th-century authors.

Individuals with cerebral palsy functioning at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV and V are unable to use hand-held walkers and require supported-stepping devices with trunk and pelvic support to allow overground stepping in natural environments. This scoping review explored what is known about the use of supported-stepping devices with individuals functioning at GMFCS IV or V. Comprehensive database and hand searches were completed in December 2022. Of 225 unique citations, 68 met the inclusion criteria: 10 syntheses and 58 primary studies including randomized, non-randomized, qualitative, observational and case study designs. Primary studies included 705 unique individuals functioning at GMFCS IV or V, aged 9 months to 47.7 years, while surveys and qualitative studies included 632 therapists. No new experimental studies have been published since previous reviews, however, lived experience and descriptive data suggest that upright positioning and mobility in supported-stepping devices have psycho-social significance with positive impacts on individual self-esteem and autonomy, as well as influencing the perception of others. Improved head and trunk control, use of hands, stepping and independent mobility may promote fitness, functioning, fun, friends, family and future, although environmental and physical challenges may limit use in adolescence and adulthood. Further research on all aspects of supported-stepping device use with individuals at GMFCS IV/V is warranted.

PurposeFor a long time, researchers have stressed the importance of identity for collaborative supply relationships. Accordingly, it has been proposed that supply relationships may be efficiently managed by establishing a shared collective identity among partners. However, this strategy may challenge the partners' individual distinctiveness and thus lead to adversarial relationship outcomes. In this article, it is argued how and when establishing an intergroup relational identity may be a better choice than building a collective identity.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual research is based on an analysis of previous literature. Relational identity theorizing and the theory of intergroup leadership are applied to build on and extend previous views on identity in interorganizational contexts.FindingsIt is proposed that when supply chain actors are subject to identity threats in collaborative supply relationships, such threats are driven by the imbalance of power between or among the parties. Therefore, establishing an intergroup relational identity should be preferred over a collective identity in situations characterized by a high identity threat.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies could support this article's theoretical suggestions with empirical evidence.Practical implicationsIntergroup relational identity preserves the distinctiveness of all parties involved in a collaborative relationship and is based on their individual contributions. Managers could support a collaborative environment and promote a shared vision between or among organizations through appropriate rhetoric.Originality/valueThis study contributes to an understanding of the relational aspects of interorganizational behavior by adapting social psychological theories to this area of research.

The aim of our study was to characterize the face recognition skills, theory of mind skills, and language skills of a single group of French participants with Williams syndrome (WS) compared to a group of participants with Down syndrome (DS). Twelve French-speaking participants with WS and 12 French-speaking participants with DS took part in this study. The two groups were matched for nonverbal and verbal levels. We used the Benton Facial Recognition test to study the groups' ability to recognize faces, the Theory of Mind Test Revised, and the morphosyntactic production and morphosyntactic comprehension subtests from the French test battery "Instruments pour le Screening et l'Approfondissement de l'examen des DYsfonctionnements du Langage chez l'Enfant (ISADYLE)". The results of the participants with WS were systematically better than those of the participants with DS. Nevertheless, although they outperformed the participants with DS, the participants with WS were far from performing at ceiling level. Most importantly, we found no significant correlations between performances on the various standardized tests for either group of participants. The evaluation of cognitive skills in a single group of French participants with WS confirmed that they present a complex profile. Because these competences are strongly influenced by social and cultural aspects, it is therefore essential to develop studies for specific languages, including when one is examining a rare developmental disability.

Purpose
This study aims to examine the association between board gender diversity (BGD) and workplace diversity and the relative importance of various board and firm characteristics in predicting diversity.


Design/methodology/approach
With a novel machine learning (ML) approach, this study models the association between three workplace diversity variables and BGD using a social media data set of approximately 250,000 employee reviews. Using the tools of explainable artificial intelligence, the authors interpret the results of the ML model.


Findings
The results show that BGD has a strong positive association with the gender equality and inclusiveness dimensions of corporate diversity culture. However, BGD is found to have a weak negative association with age diversity in a company. Furthermore, the authors find that workplace diversity is an important predictor of firm value, indicating a possible channel on how BGD affects firm performance.


Originality/value
The effects of BGD on workplace diversity below management levels are mainly omitted in the current corporate governance literature. Furthermore, existing research has not considered different dimensions of this diversity and has mainly focused on its gender aspects. In this study, the authors address this research problem and examine how BGD affects different dimensions of diversity at the overall company level. This study reveals important associations and identifies key variables that should be included as a part of theoretical causal models in future research.

Purpose
This paper explores, which employer attractiveness attributes Generation Z (Gen Z) talents prioritize. Comparing the findings for female and male participants, this study examines whether gender-specific work value orientations prevail among Gen Z talents and impact their expectations toward employers.


Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted among 308 students of business, economics and management in Germany. Data were collected using the employer attractiveness scale of Berthon and colleagues (2005) complemented by an additional dimension focusing on work–life balance.


Findings
Findings indicate that Gen Z talents primarily expect a fun work environment, a positive team atmosphere and supportive relations with colleagues and superiors. Application aspects and work–life balance enabling services are expected the least. Expectations of four of the six attributes measured differ significantly among women and men, indicating that traditional gender assumptions continue to be reflected in the work value orientations of Gen Z talents.


Research limitations/implications
The sample was limited to business, economics and management students in Germany. Additional research should include a wider variety of respondents of different disciplines and countries.


Practical implications
Practical implications refer to emphasizing the social value of employment in the employee value proposition and customizing employer branding activities by gender.


Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by empirically determining which employer attractiveness attributes Gen Z talents expect and whether and how these expectations vary by gender.

Around the world, tabloid newspapers are routinely surrounded by a moral and cultural panic. They are criticised for lowering standards of journalism and privileging sensation above substance, diverting readers from serious news to entertainment, or foregoing ethical principles. However, scholarship about tabloids have also highlighted the ways in which these papers are frequently better attuned to their readers' everyday lived experience. In South Africa, tabloid newspapers have also received much criticism in the past for their perceived superficial treatment of important news. This article examines South African tabloid newspapers' coverage of the Covid-19 pandemic, focussing specifically on a case study of the national newspaper the Daily Sun. The national Daily Sun newspaper boasts the country's largest circulation figures. Through a quantitative content analysis of 1050 online news stories in the Daily Sun, we found that unlike mainstream front-page news reporting which was largely episodic, negative and alarmist, the majority of Daily Sun coverage was thematic and neutral. Daily Sun news coverage countered Covid-19 related misinformation and provided contextual coverage, with a large focus on the social impacts of Covid-19. The analysis concludes that despite the popular discourse of the reporting, Daily Sun reporting on Covid-19 provided readers with access to information and a focus on the micro aspects of the pandemic versus broader political issues and the views of political or scientific elites.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the marriage of Ukrainians in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. In order to cover the topic, sources of different informational nature and interpretation methods were analyzed. In particular, we processed official and unofficial Internet resources: informative and popular mass media sites, official web pages of state institutions and event agencies, and also using the method of participant observation we analyzed the open pages of social network users, where a large amount of photo and video materials of present day wedding themes is represented. The publication describes wedding practices among military personnel and critical infrastructure workers in frontline and near-frontline zones; it was noted about the common formats of marriage among the civilian population in the rear regions during the martial law; a review of state legal regulations enabling various options for official marriage registration for military personnel and ordinary Ukrainians was carried out; features of the functioning of traditional and new attributes of wedding rituals are characterized. The role of folk traditions in the formation of the national worldview is clarified, in particular, it is about preserving family values in order to raise the fighting spirit of military personnel, and the emotional and motivating aspects of the life of the members of the Ukrainian ethnoculture during the struggle against the aggressor are also noted. The publication examines trends in the popularization of Ukrainian ethnic culture, in particular, its wedding component in the information space.

Immigration reform in the United States is one of the hottest topics in politics, causing a split in American society. Numerous attempts by presidents and Congress to reform this sphere ended either in failure or in half-hearted measures that dissatisfied both supporters of immigration and its opponents. The article examines the role of American conservatives in blocking the liberal immigration reform of the George W. Bush administration in 2006–2008. I a very short period, representatives of various currents of the U.S. conservative movement were able to consolidate their positions on the basis of an anti-immigrant platform and use new tools of influence, both in relation to congressmen and in the formation of public opinion. The article analyzes the role of social networks and a new phenomenon in the conservative movement (the name was originally proposed by The New York Times) such as a "New Internet-linked national constituency", which managed to very quickly and effectively close ranks among the opponents of the president's "grand bargain" and destroy the unity of the pro-immigrant-minded elite. The article evaluates the actions of George W. Bush to initiate the immigration reform and explores the nature of the conflict between conservatives and the president. Analysis of various aspects of the political conflict that arose in 2006–2008 between the restrictionists and the president helps in better understanding of the situation within the conservative movement and the prospects for its development.

The aim of this article is to examine how interdependence of economic policy and social security is perceived in the strategic documents of the Polish government in the area of security and international politics. For the analyses, the author has employed the concepts of economic statecraft and geoeconomics. It has been found that the strategic documents in the area of security do perceive interdependence between politics and economics. Polish strategic documents treat economic factors as merely one of many aspects of security rather than being absolutely dominant. Therefore, those factors cannot be recognised as based on the geoeconomic paradigm. It is worth noting that the economic statecraft tool is not discussed in an in-depth manner – as a separate category of state instruments. Polish strategic documents suggest the awareness that such instruments are used by other states, e.g. Russia with respect to the area of energy. Polish strategic documents are primarily focused on the need to introduce safeguards against such threats – among other things by the application of defensive economic statecraft. The analyses carried out for this article failed to identify any proposals for the development of proprietary Polish economic leverages as an instrument of building up state power – offensive economic statecraft. The author recommends further in-depth research on the perception of interdependence between security and economic policy in other countries as well as popularisation of the concept of economic statecraft in Poland.

The relevance of the research subject is conditioned upon the deterioration of diplomatic ties between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China. Clarifying this issue is, in addition, crucial considering the current unstable geopolitical situation. The purpose of the study was to identify the main stages of development of economic, political and social relations between the two countries and the problematic issues faced by the respective states. Methods used in the study: historical method, statistical method, systemic method, method of analysis and synthesis, comparative method etc. The chronology of China-US diplomatic relations was clarified, and the historical events that accompanied the development of the relevant relations were considered. The author examines the impact of these relations on the state of China-US ties, including the impact of World War II, the communist regime in the People's Republic of China, etc. In addition, the study includes statistics related to the so-called "trade war" between China and the United States. The main aspects of the Taiwan issue and the position of both the US and Chinese sides on this territory are clarified. In addition, attention was paid to the US and China's response to the Ukrainian-russian war, etc. The results of the research can be used by sociologists, lawyers and historians to write essays and dissertations. The data obtained can serve as a foundation for improving and enhancing diplomatic relations between the countries examined