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Defence date: 04 December 2020 ; Examining Board: Professor David K. Levine (European University Institute); Professor Arthur Schram (European University Institute); Professor Daniela Iorio (University of Bologna); Professor Cemal Eren Arbatli (National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow) ; This thesis is a collection of independent empirical essays in the field of political economy. The first chapter investigates the electoral effects of a local public good provision, using a local food subsidy program that took place in Turkey, 2019. Exploiting the variation in the geographical distances of voters to the food subsidy program groceries, I establish three results. First, the food subsidy program has a statistically significant positive effect on the incumbent vote share. Second, the effects of the program are conditional on partisanship. Although the effects of the incumbent vote share do not change across different partisan groups, the effects on turnout are heterogeneous and countervailing across partisans of incumbent and opposition party. Finally, I find that much of the electoral effects of the program come from areas where voters are uniformly partisans of either party rather than from areas with mixed partisan profiles. The second chapter investigates the evolution of class distinctiveness in economic preferences across countries and over time. To this end, I first develop a new measure of class distinctiveness by using predictive modeling. I then estimate this new measure for 18 European countries for three points in time using micro-level survey data. After validating the newly developed measure, I test whether the variation in the strength of class-based voting can be explained by the class distinctiveness in economic preferences. In the third chapter, co-authored with Nicole Stoelinga, we test whether hosting or bidding on the Olympic games leads to an increase in the exports of the host and bidding countries. Previous studies on this question provide mixed findings and typically suffer from empirical problems such as selection bias. We re-evaluate the problem by applying a synthetic control approach. Our results indicate that hosting or bidding on the Olympic Games may affect exports positively or negatively depending on the countries' initial reputation in terms of trade. ; -- 1. The Differential Electoral Returns to a Local Food Subsidy Program -- 2. Class Distinctiveness & Class Voting -- 3. Escaping the Reputation Trap : revisiting the Olympic effect
La ISP es un tipo de interpretación singular porque responde a una cuestión de interés pú- blico. Después de explorar qué constituye una cuestión «de interés público» y de considerar argumentos que justifican una intervención gubernamental, el presente artículo recurre a contribuciones teóricas del ámbito académico del análisis de políticas públicas para entender bajo qué circunstancias una determinada cuestión desencadena un ciclo de política pública. Como resultado, el llamado agenda-setting queda identificado como primer punto de intervención hacia la institucionalización de la ISP profesional. Se aboga además por restarle énfasis a la diferencia lingüística y poner el acento en el derecho a la comunicación como estrategia más eficaz para fomentar una percepción generalizada de la ISP como cuestión de interés público. ; PSI is a unique form of interpreting because it addresses a matter of public concern. After exploring what constitutes a matter "of public concern" and looking at arguments for government intervention, this article draws on theoretical frameworks from the academic field of public policy analysis to consider how an issue enters the public policy cycle. As a result, agenda-setting is identified as the first point of intervention in institutionalizing professional PSI. Further, it is argued that de-emphasizing language difference and focusing on communication rights is an effective strategy for framing PSI as a matter of public concern.
Transitions are transformation processes in which society changes in a fundamental way over a generation or more. Although the goals of a transition are ultimately chosen by society, governments can play a role in bringing about structural change in a stepwise manner. Their management involves sensitivity to existing dynamics and regular adjustment of goals to overcome the conflict between long‐term ambition and short‐term concerns. This article uses the example of a transition to a low emission energy supply in the Netherlands to argue that transition management provides a basis for coherence and consistency in public policy and can be the spur to sustainable development.
PAPER FIRST REVIEWS A NUMBER OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS OF THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS. IT THEN PROPOSES A "SECOND GENERATION" FRAMEWORK ORGANIZED AROUND VARIABLES AFFECTING THE "STRENGTH" OF THE STATUTE, THE COMMITMENT OF AGENCY OFFICIALS, AND THE RESOURCES OF VARIOUS CONSTITUENCY GROUPS.
Die Studie untersucht die Grundbedürnisse in Indonesien von 1969-1984, indem diese aus wirtschaftlicher, politischer und öffentlichkeitspolitischer Sicht betrachtet werden. Nach einem Überblick über die ökonomische und politische Entwicklung des Landes beleuchtet der Autor die Grundbedürfnisse in den unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsphasen des Landes. (DÜI-Xyl)
What causes public policies to come into being and to change has been a matter of primary concern to political scientists for a very long time. This article examines very briefly a few approaches to this problem, and then focusses on one model in particular: that proposed by Paul Sabatier which looks at the relationship between beliefs and policy making. We then examine some of the problems associated with Sabatier's approach, and suggest some possible revisions which enable the model to be used more effectively.
