With both young and adult gamers as loyal fans, The Legend of Zelda is one of the most beloved video game series ever created. The contributors to this volume consider the following questions and more: What is the nature of the gamer's connection to Link? Does Link have a will, or do gamers project their wills onto him? How does the gamer experience the game? Do the rules of logic apply in the game world? How is space created and distributed in Hyrule (the fictional land in which the game takes place)? How does time function? Is Zelda art? Can Hyrule be seen as an ideal society? Can the game be enjoyable without winning? The Legend of Zelda and Philosophy not only appeals to Zelda fans and philosophers but also puts video games on the philosophical map as a serious area of study
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Classical Political Philosophy in Popular Discourse combines two scientific paradigms --classical political philosophy and contemporary, empirical sociology. The chief aim of this unique scientific project is to explore, operationalize, and reconstruct a political doctrine appearing in social discourse, exemplified by Polish society.
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Sign in sign language, equivalent to the word, phrase or a sentence in the oral-language, can be divided in linguistic units of lower levels: shape of the hand, place of articulation, type of movement and orientation of the palm. The first description of these units, which today is present and applicable in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), was given by Zimmerman in 1986, who found 27 shapes of hand, while other types were not systematically developed or described. The target of this study was to determine the possible existence of other forms of hand movements present in sign language in B&H. By the method of content analysis, the 425 analyzed signs in sign launguage in B&H, confirmed their existence, but we also discovered and presented 14 new shapes of the hand. This way, we confirmed the need of implementing a detailed research, standardization and publishing of sign language in B&H, which would provide adequate conditions for its study and application, as for the deaf, and all the others who come into direct contact with them.
The linguistic diversity within the European Union is an expression of the multiculturalism and plurality which is the basis of today's Europe. That is why the EU institutions have adopted various regulations aimed at the promotion, preservation and protection of the languages used by EU citizens, especially those of so-called regional or minority groups. Though implementing this protection is delegated to Member States themselves, the EU authorities for their part have also taken decisive steps in order to ensure the continued health of the languages that enrich the idiosyncrasies of both the Member States and of the Union itself. While the protection of minorities at a Community level was not an initial priority at the outset of the EU given the greater importance of economic and political considerations. However, with the entry into force of the Treaty of Maastricht there has been a significant change in this respect; the recognition of minority rights has now become a reality. This recognition is now given due consideration as evidenced by the provisions of both the Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Treaty of Lisbon. This paper has outlined the progress that has been made in the protection of linguistic minorities at the EU community level, without forgetting the work within other extra-Eu institutions, as it is the case of the Council of Europe, among others, without whose work the levels of protection of existing minority languages not have reached today. ; The linguistic diversity within the European Union is an expression of the multiculturalism and plurality which is the basis of today's Europe. That is why the EU institutions have adopted various regulations aimed at the promotion, preservation and protection of the languages used by EU citizens, especially those of so-called regional or minority groups. Though implementing this protection is delegated to Member States themselves, the EU authorities for their part have also taken decisive steps in order to ensure the continued health of the languages that enrich the idiosyncrasies of both the Member States and of the Union itself. While the protection of minorities at a Community level was not an initial priority at the outset of the EU given the greater importance of economic and political considerations. However, with the entry into force of the Treaty of Maastricht there has been a significant change in this respect; the recognition of minority rights has now become a reality. This recognition is now given due consideration as evidenced by the provisions of both the Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Treaty of Lisbon. This paper has outlined the progress that has been made in the protection of linguistic minorities at the EU community level, without forgetting the work within other extra-Eu institutions, as it is the case of the Council of Europe, among others, without whose work the levels of protection of existing minority languages not have reached today.La diversidad lingüística existente en el seno de la Unión Europea supone una expresión de la multiculturalidad y de la pluralidad que no es sino la base de la Europa actual. Es por ello que desde las instituciones han sido adoptadas distintas normativas tendentes a la promoción, conservación y protección de la lenguas utilizadas por los ciudadanos comunitarios, especialmente de las denominadas regionales o minoritarias, ya que si bien es verdad, que esta protección ha de ser llevada a cabo por los propios Estados miembros, las autoridades comunitarias han dado pasos decisivos en aras a garantizar la no desaparición de las lenguas que enriquecen la idiosincrasia tanto de los Estados como de la propia Unión. La protección en el ámbito comunitario de las minorías no supuso en los indicios de la andadura comunitaria un hecho prioritario, pues en aquellos primeros momentos se incidió en otros aspectos, como el económico o el político que se consideraron más importantes. Sin embargo, con la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Maastricht se produjo un cambio significativo en este aspecto, ya que el reconocimiento de los derechos de las minorías va a convertirse en una realidad. Desde entonces se va a incidir mucho en su protección como queda patente en el tratamiento que de él hace la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales o el Tratado de Lisboa. En este trabajo vamos ha hacer un recorrido por la evolución que ha sufrido la protección de las minorías lingüísticas en el ámbito comunitario, sin olvidar la labor realizada en el seno de otras instituciones extracomunitarias, como es el caso del Consejo de Europa entre otras, sin cuya labor no se hubieran alcanzado los niveles de protección de las lenguas minoritarias existentes en la actualidad.
In 1980–90s. Lotman's scientific interests were mainly focused on discovering the processes taking place in the semiosphere. He was interested in the relation of space and time as two semiotic languages irreducible to each other, the problem of emptiness as an object and language of description, the role of explosions and unpredictable processes in the dynamics of culture, the function of historical memory in culture, etc. Many of these ideas turn out to be consonant with Bergson's intuitive metaphysics with its concept of duration as the basis of creative evolution. At the same time, the name of Bergson is not mentioned in the works of Lotman. We can only speak of the intermediary channels through which Bergson's ideas reached Lotman. He was greatly influenced by V.I. Vernadsky's doctrine of the biosphere and I. Prigogine's theory of dissipative structures. Each of these scientists was influenced by Bergson. For Vernadsky, the idea of irreversibility of time and duration as a creative process of life was important. Prigozhin, developing Bergson's ideas about the unpredictability, made the processes of irreversibility and instability an object of study. But his research was mostly on the chemical and biological level. Lotman extended the study of random processes to the level of cultural history. A comparison of Lotman's theoretical approaches to understanding the nature and function of art with Bergson's intuitive philosophy reveals an undeniable similarity, which allows the late Lotman's scientific ideas to be considered within the philosophical paradigm originating from Bergson.
"Structured to introduce the reader into all aspects of the philosophy of Nicolai Hartmann (1882-1950), this book aims to stimulate further interest into his thought. Once considered the most studious and systematic of all the German philosophers of the twentieth-century, this prolific author has been nearly forgotten. For many years a student and an admirer of Hartmann's work, Cicovacki argues that a closer look into Hartmann's ontologically and axiologically oriented philosophy contains a promise of a vital philosophical orientation, especially with regard to our understanding of the nature, place, and role of humanity in the larger world. "The Analysis of Wonder" - Hartmann's own definition of philosophy - is an invitation to the readers to challenge their preconceived and self-interested notions of reality in order to relearn to appreciate the always changing and conflicting world, in all of its complexity, richness, and sublimity"--
