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This dissertation conducts comprehensive analyses on global seaport institutions and port infrastructure productivity. It also examines the determinants of port output and the roles port institutions play in driving port infrastructure productivity. Specifically, the dissertation analyzes the roles of macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of institutional features of ports (inter-port competition, corporate structure, and port asset ownership practice). They are evaluated to understand why ports have become productive over the last decade and how those factors yield better opportunities for ports to prosper. While influences from external environments are still one of the important factors in shaping port efficiency, the roles of institutions play an increasingly important role, especially in the management of ports over the medium-long term. Furthermore, port efficiency has been shaped not only by macro-level market institutions (i.e. inter-port competition) but also by the capacity of port authorities to implement innovative institutional practices for port ownership and capital asset management. While port managing institutions maintain a close relationship with their own historical trajectories, global container ports in the contemporary era search for a strategic flexibility with institutional bindings to respond to external challenges and to overcome their limitations. This strategic flexibility can be partly achieved by "vertical unbundling" of container terminal operation functions from the government's hand and by private sector participation for investment in port assets, i.e. concessions or leases – institutional bindings based on neoclassical contracts. From the view of regulators and policy makers, they should focus they policy making on environmental, safety, and customs regulations. They also need to create a competitive market to reduce oligopoly in the port sector by adopting diverse policy mechanisms. Given the competitive market structure, the business aspects of port operation can be better secured through diverse institutional mechanisms of private sector participation. From the view of planners in port authorities facing global competition, the capacity of strategic planning to increase strategic flexibility of ports based on medium- or long-term scenarios is essential to achieve this institutional flexibility, thereby contributing to a higher productivity level of leading ports. This is a critical time for port authorities, managers, and policy makers to understand that they have a choice in what roles to play with what kinds of policy tools under the global pressure and rapidly transforming environments.

Part 1: From Vulnerable to Resilient: a Framework for Regional Context -- Sustainability and Vulnerability: Well-Being in the Geo-, Eco- and Socio-Environment -- Building Resilience for Vulnerability -- Part 2: Case Study and Issues -- Sustainable Activities for Rural Development -- Small Activities to Transmit Environmental and Cultural Resources: The Case of the Takasegawa River in Kyoto -- Management of depopulated areas viewed as concept of GES-environment: The case of Kumogahata in Kyoto -- Resident's Awareness about Inheritance of Greenery in Gardens -- Part 3: Design and Policy for a Resilient Regional System -- Types of Social Enterprises and Various Social Problems -- Overviews of waste management policies in Japan -- Methods of Environmental Risk Management for Land Contamination Problems:Suggestions for Japan -- The Role of Parks in the Inheritance of Regional Memories of Disasters -- Measuring the Public Supply of Private Hedges for Disaster Prevention -- Part 4: Evaluation of Regional Vulnerability and Resilience -- Environmental Valuation Considering Dual Aspects of an Urban Waterside Area -- Economic evaluation of risk premium of social overhead capital in consideration of the decision-making process under risk -- A Study of Nishihara Village's Disaster Response in the Kumamoto Earthquake and the Disaster Victims' Perception of Life Recovery and Assessment of Health -- Smart Cities for Recovery and Reconstruction in the Aftermath of a Disaster

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The Theoretical Rationale -- The Book Outline -- Chapter 1: Ipe and Migration: The Role of the State -- Chapter 2: The three paradoxes of globalisation and migration -- Chapter 3: The paradox of marginalisation: the case of migration from the MENA area to the EU -- Chapter 4: The paradox of regionalisation within globalisation: migration to the EU and migration to the US compared -- Chapter 5: The paradox of securitisation: Is there a common migratory policy in the eu? -- Chapter 6: Towards a political economy of irregular migration: theory and practice -- Chapter 7: The insertion of migrants into the labour force of receiving countries: competition or complementarity? -- Chapter 8: Migration and social capital: from islamophobia to social unrest and terrorism -- Chapter 9: Populism and migration -- Conclusion: Migration and the dark side of globalisation -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 IPE and Migration: The Role of the State -- Positioning the Book in the IPE Debate: The State of the Debate -- Realist Approaches to the IPE of Immigration: The State in the Debate -- The Liberal-State Thesis and the Role of the Judiciary in the Neo-Institutionalist View -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 The Three Paradoxes of Globalisation and Migration -- Does Globalisation (Still) Exist? Between Sceptics and the De-Globalisation Debate -- The Consequences of Globalisation on Migration and the New Global Division of Labour and Power -- Discussing the Relation Between Globalisation and Migration in Sociology -- Conclusion: The Three Paradoxes of Regionalisation, Marginalisation and Securitisation within Globalisation -- References -- 3 The Paradox of Marginalisation: The Case of Migration from the Mena Area to the EU -- Introduction.

Esta nota no intentará cerrar la brecha entre los modelos analíticos del economista y la realidad exuberante del politólogo, sino esbozar a grandes trazos un programa de investigación común a las dos disciplinas. La siguiente sección describe el carácter metodológico del programa neoclásico, entendido en este sentido general, y aclara algunos, malentendidos del escéptico tradicional. Hay que notar que la interpretación que ofrecemos (y aplicamos en las siguientes secciones) tiene dos precedentes relevantes en el pensamiento político: uno en la tradición utópica de la teoría política, a partir de La República de Platón; otro, más relevante, en las teorías de contrato social (postulado hipotéticamente en un "estado natural" o "posición original" límite), desde Hobbes hasta Rawls. Nos referiremos en particular a la segunda teoría para introducir los resultados centrales del programa neoclásico en la política. La sección 2 considera la política desde una perspectiva hobbesiana: como límite de la descentralización económica, en ausencia de mecanismos de decisión colectiva representativos. La sección 3 postula la reducción alternativa vía la descentralización política, asociada a Rousseau, e investiga sus límites a partir de la teoría de elección social. Las dos últimas secciones extraen dos implicaciones constructivas de los resultados anteriores. La primera postula un campo aún virgen para el avance del programa neoclásico sobre la política, la "política de bienestar", dedicado al análisis normativo y al diseño de reformas óptimas de las instituciones políticas (sección 4). La segunda nos lleva a una concepción "deliberativa" de la democracia liberal como alternativa tanto al paradigma neoclásico como a las recientes críticas comunitarias de la filosofía liberal (sección 5).

Although feminist researchers have critiqued aerobics as an activity that maintains ideologies of female inferiority, many women, including feminists, attend, participate in, and enjoy aerobics classes. This research provides a preliminary exploration of the extent to which women can exercise agency within the gendered constraints of aerobics. The 10 feminist exercisers interviewed use strategies for participation that both downplay oppressive aspects of and enhance personal empowerment in their aerobics classes. These strategies include distancing, rejecting the critique, asserting agency, and making do. The women's ability to enjoy a practice while constantly remaking it to suit their own purposes is indicative of the way women often must live their lives within a misogynistic, patriarchal culture.

UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS DO HEADS OF GOVERNMENTS HAVE THE FLEXIBILITY TO CHANGE THEIR POLICIES, AND WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF SUCH FLEXIBILITY ON THEIR BEHAVIOR IN NEGOTIATION AND MEDIATION PROCESSES? LEADERSHIP IS VIEWED AS AN UMBRELLA CONCEPT THAT INVOLVES AT LEAST FOUR INGREDIENTS: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEADER; THE NEEDS, IMAGES, AND EXPECTATIONS OF THOSE LED, THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE LEADER; THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEADER AND THOSE LED; AND THE CONTEXT IN WHICH THE LEADERSHIP IS EXERCISED. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES HOW THESE FOUR ASPECTS OF LEADERSHIP INFLUENCE LEADERS' ABILITY TO CHANGE AND BE FLEXIBLE. IT ALSO SUGGESTS THE RELEVANCE OF THE RESULTING FLEXIBILITY FOR NEGOTIATION AND MEDIATION.

The number of African students in the US is increasing rapidly. African students coming here are apt to be somewhat older & more pol'ly conscious than their US counterparts. More of them choose the soc sci's, with economics leading, than any other major field of study. The physical & natural sells, the humanities, & engineering follow in that order. Racial discrimination in the US is a serious problem affecting the African student personally & often influencing his evaluation of US life. Careful & sympathetic counseling, together with an orientation period in the summer before Coll entrance, will tend to reduce the negative aspects of adjustment & increase the likelihood of useful assimilation & a generally beneficial experience for African students. Modified AA.

The discussion of this research is the development of creative cities in a country is the result of the efforts of the government and creative actors in the city in the country. Creative city can not be separated from the potential of social capital that is owned by the people in the city. Social capital is a social organization concept that includes network of norms and social trusts that facilitate mutual coordination and cooperation including in developing the regional economy. This research aims to (1) know the contribution of social capital in making a creative city, (2) express the social capital and creativity of individuals and communities to realize creative city, and (3) know aspects of social capital that dominant influence on a creativity of the city. The method of this research is qualitative primary data with technic observation and indepth interview, also secondary data in the form of document and archive analysis from Bandung city as one of creative city in Indonesia. Research is done during 2015-2016. Conclusions this research are (1)Social capital that form trust, tolerance, cooperation, openness, and independence of the community greatly contributes in the creation of creative city because through the braided integration of social capital that forms a norm of behavior binding for its citizens to be creative and does not require material capital,(2)Individual urban creativity formed through the process of socialization of elements of social capital in the life of society to trigger creativity of individuals and society as a whole, and (3) The form of openness, tolerance, and cooperation are the dominant elements of social capital in growing the creativity of individuals and societyKeywords: Creatif city, Social capital

This thematic issue includes ten articles that address previous contradictions in research on two main trends in digital democracies: news avoidance and political polarization. Looking at these contradictions from different angles, all contributions suggest one aspect in particular that could be important for future research to investigate more specifically possible countermeasures to harmful trends: the individualized, self‐reflective way in which media users nowadays engage with political content. The increasingly value‐based individualization of media use may be a hopeful starting point for reversing harmful trends to some degree by addressing individual media users as a community with a common base of civic values, rather than addressing them in their limited social group identities.

Although sociological research has examined the reproduction of Chiles elites, there is little empirical evidence as to how different forms of capital operate within them. Based on a survey of the countrys elites, this study examines the effect of different forms of capital (cultural, social and political) on access to strategic positions in the legislative and executive branches of government. It focuses on the political elite between 1990, when military dictator Augusto Pinochet handed over the presidency to Patricio Aylwin, his democratically elected successor, and 2010, the end of President Michelle Bachelets first government. At least three points are germane to this analysis: (1) understanding the nature of the party elites during the political transition; (2) describing and explaining the main aspects of the party elites background and social resources, including their family networks (independent variables); and (3) exploring the effect of those variables on individuals chances of achieving strategic positions in the political field, comparing the legislative and executive branches as represented by deputies and ministers (dependent variable)

To foster innovativeness for supporting (forest-based) bioeconomy development, participation in decision-making and interaction between diverse actors become a necessary precondition for designing and implementing transition policies. However, who forms the emerging policy networks, and which policy beliefs are promoted? Based on data from a national online survey, we performed a quantitative social network analysis to investigate emerging social structures and policy beliefs in the context of the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy. Our explorative analysis shows that research, governmental, and industrial organizations mainly constitute the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy network. Actors primarily exchange information, and most key organizations report high levels of trust among each other. However, the network structure is rather closed. This raises concerns about equal benefit sharing and the inclusiveness of concerned actors. We discuss the implication of this network structure for enabling new innovations. Finally, we present the key aspects and drivers of business as usual, and suggest an option for or a more transformative change in the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy. ; Peer reviewed

1 Some properties of basic statistical procedures -- 1.1 Problems of statistics -- 1.2 The t, X2 and F procedures -- 1.3 Standard assumptions and their plausibility -- 1.4 Tests of normality -- 1.5 Moments of $$\bar{x}$$ and s2 -- 1.6 The effect of skewness and kurtosis on the t-test -- 1.7 The effect of skewness and kurtosis on inferences about variances -- 1.8 The effect of serial correlation -- 1.9 The effect of unequal variances on the two-sample t-test -- 1.10 Discussion -- Further reading -- 2 Regression and the linear model -- 2.1 Linear models -- 2.2 The method of least squares -- 2.3 Properties of the estimators and sums of squares -- 2.4 Further analysis of Example 2.1 -- 2.5 The regressions of y on x and of x on y -- 2.6 Two regressor variables -- 2.7 Discussion -- 3 Statistical models and statistical inference -- 3.1 Parametric inference -- 3.2 Point estimates -- 3.3 The likelihood function -- 3.4 The method of maximum likelihood -- 3.5 The Cramér — Rao inequality -- 3.6 Sufficiency -- 3.7 The multivariate normal distribution -- 3.8 Proof of the Cramér — Rao inequality -- Further reading -- 4 Properties of the method of maximum likelihood -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Formal statements of main properties -- 4.3 Practical aspects — one-parameter case -- 4.4 Practical aspects — multiparameter case -- 4.5 Other methods of estimation -- 5 The method of least squares -- 5.1 Basic model -- 5.2 Properties of the method -- 5.3 Properties of residuals -- 5.4 Properties of sums of squares -- 5.5 Application to multiple regression -- Further reading -- 6 Multiple regression: Further analysis and interpretation -- 6.1 Testing the significance of subsets of explanatory variables -- 6.2 Application of the extra sum-of-squares principle to multiple regression -- 6.3 Problems of interpretation -- 6.4 Relationships between sums of squares -- 6.5 Departures from assumptions -- 6.6 Predictions from regression -- 6.7 Strategies for multiple regression analysis -- 6.8 Practical details -- Further reading on practical points -- 7 Polynomial regression -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 General theory -- 7.3 Derivation of the polynomials -- 7.4 Tables of orthogonal polynomials -- 7.5 An illustrative example -- 8 The use of transformations -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 One explanatory variable -- 8.3 Transformations for homogeneity of variance -- 8.4 An example -- 8.5 The Box—Cox transformation -- 8.6 Transformations of regressor variables -- 8.7 Application to bioassay data -- Further reading -- 9 Correlation -- 9.1 Definition and examples -- 9.2 Correlation or regression? -- 9.3 Estimation of ? -- 9.4 Results on the distribution of R -- 9.5 Confidence intervals and hypothesis tests for ? -- 9.6 Relationship with regression -- 9.7 Partial correlation -- 9.8 The multiple correlation coefficient -- Further reading -- 10 The analysis of variance -- 10.1 An example -- 10.2 Generalized inverses -- 10.3 Least squares using generalized inverses -- 10.4 One-way classification analysis of variance -- 10.5 A discussion of Example 10.1 -- 10.6 Two-way classification -- 10.7 A discussion of Example 10.2 -- 10.8 General method for analysis of variance -- Further reading -- 11 Designs with regressions in the treatment effects -- 11.1 One-way analysis -- 11.2 Parallel regressions -- 11.3 The two-way analysis -- 12 An analysis of data on trees -- 12.1 The data -- 12.2 Regression analyses -- 12.3 The analysis of covariance -- 12.4 Residuals -- 13 The analysis of variance: Subsidiary analyses -- 13.1 Multiple comparisons: Introduction -- 13.2 Multiple comparisons: Various techniques -- 13.3 Departures from underlying assumptions -- 13.4 Tests for heteroscedasticity -- 13.5 Residuals and outliers -- 13.6 Some points of experimental design: General points -- 13.7 Some points of experimental design: Randomized blocks -- Further reading on experimental design -- 14 Components of variance -- 14.1 Components of variance -- 14.2 Components of variance: Follow-up analysis -- 14.3 Nested classifications -- 14.4 Outline analysis of Example 14.3 -- 14.5 Nested classifications: Finite population model -- 14.6 Sampling from finite populations -- 14.7 Nested classifications with unequal numbers -- Further reading -- 15 Crossed classifications -- 15.1 Crossed classifications and interactions -- 15.2 More about interactions -- 15.3 Analysis of a two-way equally replicated design -- 15.4 An analysis of Example 15.1 -- 15.5 Unit errors -- 15.6 Random-effects models -- 15.7 Analysis of a two-way unequally replicated design -- Further reading -- 16 Further analysis of variance -- 16.1 Three-way crossed classification -- 16.2 An analysis of Example 16.1 -- Further reading -- 17 The generalized linear model -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 The maximum likelihood ratio test -- 17.3 The family of probability distributions permitted -- 17.4 The generalized linear model -- 17.5 The analysis of deviance -- 17.6 Illustration using the radiation experiment data -- Further reading -- References.

The Farrington Daniels Memorial Lecture Solar Energy -- Symposia -- Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Excited States -- Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Excited States Introduction -- The Rules of Organic Molecular Fluorescence -- Elementary Photochemical Reactions -- Photoreactions in Biological Macromolecular Complexes -- Photoreactions in Biological Macromolecular Complexes (Introductory Remarks) -- Excited State Interactions and Photochemical Reactions in Protein-Nucleic Acid Complexes -- Structural Relationships in Macromolecular Complexes Determined by Photochemical Crosslinking -- Photodegradation of Biomembranes -- Photomovement in Microorganisms -- Photomovement in Microorganisms — Introduction to the Symposium -- Photomovement in Microorganisms: Strategies of Response -- Pigments Involved in the Photomotion of Microorganisms -- Speculations about Sensory Transduction -- Panel Discussion of Photomovement -- Photosynthesis -- Present Status of the O2 Evolution Model -- Low Temperature Reactions in Photosynthesis -- Control of the Electron Transfer by the Transmembrane Electric Field and Structure of System II Centers -- Modulating Effects on the Delayed Luminescence from Photosystem II of Photosynthesis -- In Vitro Photosynthesis -- Comparative Effects of Exciting and Ionizing Radiations -- Quantitative Mutagenesis by Chemicals and by Radiations: Prerequisites for the Establishment of Rad-Equivalences -- A Comparative Study of Several Survival Responses of Mammalian Cells after UV and after X-Irradiation -- Ionizing and Ultraviolet Radiations: Genetic Effects and Repair in Yeast -- Ataxia Telangiectasia: an Inherited Human Disease Involving Radiosensitivity, Malignancy and Defective DNA Repair -- Effects of Vacuum-UV and Excited Gases on DNA -- Photosensitized Reactions of Nucleic Acids and Proteins -- Photosensitization in Biological Systems -- The Role of Oxygen in Photosynthetized Reactions of Proteins and Nucleic Acids -- New Chemical Aspects of the Photoreaction between Psoralen and DNA -- Excited States of Skin-Sensitizing Psoralens and their Reactions with Nucleic Acids -- Photochemotherapeutic, Photobiological, and Photochemical Properties of Psoralens -- Repair of Radiation Damage -- DNA Repair Schemes in Bacteria and in Human Cells -- Postreplication Repair in Human Fibroblasts -- Studies on the Enzymology of Excision Repair in Extracts of Mammalian Cells -- Human Photoreactivating Enzymes -- Effects of Ultraviolet-Light and of Some Major Chemical Carcinogens of E. Coli K12 (?) -- Solar Energy Conversion Systems -- Hydrogen Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms, the Mechanims of Hydrogen Photoevolution -- Chemical Reactions for the Utilization of Solar Energy -- Photosynthesis — a Practical Energy Source? -- Photoproduction of Hydrogen in Photosynthetic Systems -- Determinants of Feasibility in Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- Photobiology in Medicine -- Photobiology in Medicine -- Photophysiological Research — Preventive Medicine -- Erythropoietic Protoporphyria — the Disease, and its treatment with Beta-Carotene -- Photochemotherapy of Psoriasis (PUVA) -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Phototherapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia -- Phototherapy of Neonatal Jaundice: Effect on Blood Biorhythms -- Phototherapy of Human Tumors -- Cancerogenic Effects of Radiation -- Carcinogenic Effects of Radiation — Introduction -- Defective DNA Repair and Cancer -- Experimental Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis -- Sunlight and Melanomas -- Cutaneous Carcinogenic Effects of Sunlight in Humans -- Role of DNA Repair in Physical, Chemical and Viral Carcinogenesis -- Light and Development -- Control of Chloroplast Development and Chlorophyll Synthesis by Phytochrome -- Progress Toward an Understanding of the Molecular Mode of Action of Phytochrome -- Phototransformations of Phytochrome -- Biogenesis of Chloroplast Membranes in Algae -- Light-Induced Cytochrome Reduction in Neurospora Crassa Membrane Fractions -- Light Induced Degeneration of Skin: Chronic Actinic Dermatosis -- Studies on the Pathomechanics of Chronic Actinic Dermatosis -- Clinical Pattern of the Actinic Chronic Dermatosis -- Distribution and General Factors Causing Chronic Actinic Dermatosis -- Environment-Space Interactions: Photobiological Implications -- Introductory Remarks -- The Stratospheric Photochemistry of Chlorine Compounds and its Influence on the Ozone Layer -- The Effects of Solar UV-B Radiation (280–315 nm) on Higher Plants: Implications of stratospheric Ozone Reduction -- Epidemiology of Malignant Melanoma of the Skin in Norway with Special Reference to the Effect of Solar Radiation -- Estimating the Increase in Skin Cancer Caused by Increases in Ultraviolet Radiation -- Vision -- MSP Measurements of Rod and Cone Visual Pigments in a Retina (Scardinius Erythrophthalmus) that can be either Vitamin A1 — or Vitamin A2—Based -- The Ionochromic Behavior of Gecko Visual Pigments -- Membrane Adaptations of Visual Photoreceptors for the Analysis of Plane-Polarized Light -- Dynamic Aspects of the Molecular Architecture of Photoreceptor Membranes -- The Photochemistry of Rhodopsin Excited in the 280 nm (?) Band -- Degenerations of the Retina Induced by Light -- Mutagenic Effects of Radiation -- Mutagenic Repair Pathways in Yeast -- Pathways of UV Repair and Mutagenesis in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae -- Mitochondrial Mutagenesis by 2-6-Diaminopurine in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: Effect of UV Light -- On the Molecular Mechanism of Mutagenesis by Carcinogenic Mutagens -- Chromosome Effects Induced by Low Levels of Mutagens -- Round Tables -- Units, Nomenclature and Dosimetry in Photobiology -- Protection from UV and Visible Radiations -- Topical Photoprotection of Normal Skin -- Photochemotherapy (PUVA) of Psoriasis -- Photobiology and Education -- Author Index.

"A World Transformed explores how slavery thrived at the heart of the entire Western world for more than three centuries. Arguing that slavery can be fully understood only by stepping back from traditional national histories, this book collects the scattered accounts of the latest modern scholarship into a comprehensive history of slavery and its shaping of the world we know. Celebrated historian James Walvin tells a global story that covers everything from the capitalist economy, labor, and the environment, to social culture and ideas of family, beauty, and taste. This book underscores just how thoroughly slavery is responsible for the making of the modern world. The enforced transportation and labor of millions of Africans became a massive social and economic force, catalyzing the rapid development of multiple new and enormous trading systems with profound global consequences. The labor and products of enslaved people changed the consumption habits of millions--in India and Asia, Europe and Africa, in colonized and Indigenous American societies. Across time, slavery shaped many of the dominant features of Western taste: items and habits or rare and costly luxuries, some of which might seem, at first glance, utterly removed from the horrific reality of slavery. A World Transformed traces the global impacts of slavery over centuries, far beyond legal or historical endpoints, confirming that the world created by slave labor lives on today"--

"In Paying for Masculinity, Murray Knuttila argues that male dominance is best understood in the context of the particular mode of gender practice--hegemonic masculinity--that typifies patriarchal gender orders. This mode of masculinity permeates our society, media and culture. It persists because of "the patriarchal dividend"--men directly benefit from their dominance in society. But these benefits exact a price, first and foremost from women and girls. But, as boys and men are under pressure to "man up," they too pay the costs: they die younger, go to prison, restrict their emotions and blunt their humanity. Simply put, men need to understand that the costs of practising this mode of masculinity far outweigh the benefits. Knuttila's conceptual framework allows him to trace the history of the patriarchal dividend through various aspects of patriarchal capitalism, demonstrating how ingrained it is in our society, and to illustrate ways of encouraging non-hegemonic forms of masculinity, which are ultimately to the benefit of everyone. --