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Many theories of offending have been advanced in an effort to explain the increasing number of women arrested in recent years. In this article, I move away from individual level explanations of offending and attempt to explain this trend with a structural approach. Specifically, I argue that the `war on drugs' has made females more vulnerable to arrest in recent years, regardless of offending behavior. I argue that two arms of the war on drugs, representing direct and ideological aspects of social control, work together to make women more likely to be arrested. This article contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it shows that scholars interested in the gender gap cannot ignore the war on drugs. Second, it shows the utility of a focus on the criminal justice system, and potentially other systems of social control, rather than individual level offending to explain trends in arrests.

This paper makes use of the 2006 Gallup World Survey, which includes opinions on satisfaction with various aspects of life in 130 countries. Although a very solid relationship is found between satisfaction and income (both across and within countries), raising doubts regarding the well-known Easterlin Paradox, a new paradox arises: 'unhappy growth', where faster growth rates are accompanied by lower levels of satisfaction. The losses of satisfaction associated with growth are more pronounced in the material domains of life and are greater in richer and more urban societies. At the individual level, although higher incomes tend to be reflected in greater satisfaction, an increase in the income of the social group to which an individual belongs has the opposite effect. The conflictive relationship between satisfaction and income has implications for political economy. In particular, it suggests a simple mechanism for explaining various characteristic traits of economic and social populism.

Acknowledgement: The University of Malta would like to acknowledge its gratitude to the National Commission for the Promotion of Equality for their permission to upload this work on OAR@UoM. Further reuse of this document can be made, provided the source is acknowledged. ; Publication supported by the European Community Programme for Employment and Social Solidarity - PROGRESS (2007-2013) ; Gender equality emanates out of the advancement of human rights and is a fundamental aspect of democratic citizenship. It belongs to the basic and universally recognised civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. Infringement of such rights hinders societies from achieving the goals and benefits of development. The prohibition to discriminate on a number of grounds is well ingrained in Maltese Legislation, including Chapter IV - Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the Individual, of the Maltese Constitution, which arches over all other legislation. ; N/A

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/ripp/article/view/1511 ; Este artículo analiza diferentes puntos de vista y opiniones sociales y políticas generadas sobre la reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña (España) en 2006. En él se tratan las cuestiones más críticas del mismo, como el pulso entre los modelos de Estado uninacional y plurinacional en España y cuestiones económicas y relativas al principio de solidaridad interterritorial afectadas, entre otros temas. ; This article analyses an array of different social and political views regarding the reform of Catalonia's Statute of Autonomy in 2006. It deals with a number of keyissues as i.e. the confrontation between the single-nation and the multinational State models in Spain, the inter-territorial solidarity principle and related aspect of economic character among others. ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Can sports - and if so how - serve as a vehicle for reconciliation and increased social cohesion in countries wrecked by civil conflict? This article analyses the case of South Africa and its experiences in the sports sector since the fall of apartheid, in an effort to explore the processes necessary to understand the potential sports may hold for peace building. By identifying initiatives in South Africa employed at the national, community and individual level of analysis, the article outlines the possible effects of sports on reconciliation in divided states. Through linking experiences from state policies, NGO activities and donor projects with social identity and reconciliation theory, the article outlines the possible positive and negative aspects of sports. Finally, important avenues for further research to uncover how to turn sports into effective political tools for post-conflict peace building are suggested. Adapted from the source document.

Рассматривается влияние реструктуризации угольной промышленности на социально-политические процессы в Кузбассе в 1990-е гг. Подчеркивается роль иностранного влияния на процесс реструктуризации. Анализируются особенности развития социально-политических процессов в Кузбассе в данный период. Исследуются различные аспекты деятельности новых форм организованного протеста комитетов спасения: состав, отношение к нему властей, влияние феномена Тулеева на проте-стное движение. ; The present paper deals with the influence of restructurisation of coal-mining industry on the social and political process in Kuzbass in 1990-s. The role of foreign influence is emphasized in the article. The features of development of social and political process in Kuzbass in this period are analysed. Different aspects of activity of new forms of organized protest are investigated in the article, namely the committee of rescue: its staff, the authority's attitude to this committee, the influence of Tuleev's phenomenon on the protest movement.

This paper aims to examine the nature of the new elementary school curriculum in Turkey. In particular, the authors provide a coherent picture of the fundamentals, basic elements and the classroom implications of the new curriculum development initiative in five content areas: mathematics, science, social science, life science, and Turkish. This paper discusses the fundamental principles underlying the curriculum reform, including social, individual, economical, and historical and cultural aspects. In addition, the paper addresses the main motivators: Turkey's integration with the European Union, major issues with Turkish students' academic performance in national and international arenas which led the curriculum change. It is believed that the implementation of the new curriculum will give new insights to the policy makers, classroom teachers, students, parents and other related parties. The results of the implementation of the curriculum will open new opportunities for researchers to identify the strengths and drawbacks for further improvements.

This paper aims to examine the nature of the new elementary school curriculum in Turkey. In particular, the authors provide a coherent picture of the fundamentals, basic elements and the classroom implications of the new curriculum development initiative in five content areas: mathematics, science, social science, life science, and Turkish. This paper discusses the fundamental principles underlying the curriculum reform, including social, individual, economical, and historical and cultural aspects. In addition, the paper addresses the main motivators: Turkey's integration with the European Union, major issues with Turkish students' academic performance in national and international arenas which led the curriculum change. It is believed that the implementation of the new curriculum will give new insights to the policy makers, classroom teachers, students, parents and other related parties. The results of the implementation of the curriculum will open new opportunities for researchers to identify the strengths and drawbacks for further improvements.

RéSUMé. — Durkheim recommandait de contraindre l'abstraction réalisée par la science par une exigence de correspondance avec la réalité. Mais comment concevoir cette correspondance ? Il faut commencer par préciser de quelle abstraction il s'agit. Cet article se penche sur un type particulier d'abstraction – celle qui a lieu dans l'établissement de la réalité des faits dans l'enquête sociale. L'auteur étend à une partie de la sociologie le diagnostic d'un problème épistémologique établi par G. G. Granger pour l'histoire, et l'approfondit à l'aide de la distinction classique entre « définition réelle » et « définition nominale ». Pour esquisser une solution à ce problème, il se fait l'écho de la recommandation de M. Mauss de développer l'observation concrète de la vie sociale, et examine, sous cet aspect, la capacité d'une démarche naturaliste à « sauver les phénomènes ». Il tente, pour terminer, d'appliquer cette démarche aux entités invoquées par l'explication téléologique de l'action.

Based on research in three Flemish communities, the author concluded that during the course of the second part of the nineteenth century, there was an increasing trend toward choosing family members as witnesses to the marriage ceremony (of first marriages). This was interpreted as an aspect of the "familiarization" of marriage. It might also, however, refer to changing family contexts and social networks, to switching roles of parents and youth, to shifting intergenerational power, and to new family situations of solidarity and conflict. In this follow-up study, the author demonstrates that the former conclusions also hold true for other Flemish regions, for all social groups, and for remarriages. It also appears that marrying people increasingly selected brothers and brothers-in-law as witnesses, rather than descending or ascending kin. These observations support the thesis of the increasing familiarization of family relations during the course of the nineteenth century.

Today consumption, advertising and branding constitute central aspects of social life, shaping economic, cultural and even political identifica­tions. How can one make sense of this hegemony of consumerism in (late) capitalist societies? How can we account for the centrality of ad­vertising discourse, which is now emerging as our predominant fantasmatic horizon? Can psychoanalysis be of any help here? Drawing on the Lacanian theorizations of desire and enjoyment, this essay answers in the affirmative. It registers the symbolic coordinates of consumerist desire, traces the imaginary lure of advertising fantasies and locates the real support for consumer culture in the (partial) jouissance entailed in desir­ing and consuming products as well as advertisements. The last section of the paper attempts to map the implications of the consumerist admin­istration of desire and enjoyment on the way the social bond is political­ly instituted and morally justified in late capitalist societies.

This article examines the emergence of the 'hippie' movement and responses to it in the western Ukrainian city of L'viv. Hippies in L'viv, like their counterparts in the capitalist West, created alternative social spaces in response to a sense of alienation in the modern industrialized world. Yet this sense of alienation and responses to it significantly differed, due to the postwar transformation of L'viv, efforts by the Communist Party to control all aspects of the public sphere, and national and regional tensions in western Ukraine. As a result, Soviet 'hippies', in rebelling against Soviet society, mirrored many of its features, and to an extent they became associated with elements of national and regional resistance in postwar L'viv. Persecution of hippies and negative perceptions of them furthermore reveal official attitudes toward the 'hippie' movement and certain assumptions about gender roles and the social order in 1970s Soviet society.

L'auteur utilise la méthode de régression multiple pour examiner l'importance des transferts linguistiques en fonction de la structure linguistique des secteurs de recensement. L'anglicisation s'avère plus importante que la francisation sur deux aspects, son niveau général et son accélération avec la présence accrue de personnes de la langue maternelle impliquée. Au niveau de l'agglomération montréalaise, la scolarisation est davantage associée à l'anglicisation qu'à la francisation; cependant, cette variable perd de son importance lorsqu'on l'analyse au niveau de sept zones spécifiques. On constate en outre que la francisation est un processus assez constant d'une zone à l'autre, tandis que l'anglicisation varie selon la zone, quant au niveau et quant à la structure. On suggère comme explication que la communauté de résidence peut jouer un rôle capital dans la réussite sociale, un facteur négligé dans la sociologie contemporaine de la mobilité sociale.

The analysis of the spatial and structural changes of the urban web represents a valid key of reading not only for the study of the landscape evolution of a datum territory but also for the understanding of the social and economic tendencies that will influence the choices in phase of planning and the following managerial politics. The proposed job illustrates some methodologies, supported from GIS technique, for the analysis of the modifications intervened so far in use and landscape picture, formulating the structure of some evolution entity indexes connected to past and current planning, both to the consequent spontaneous phenomenons to the economic logics. The result is that to compare the found trends of arrangement in the demografic-social-productive sphere with the changes in progress aspects loaded instead with environmental system through the analysis of the actual settlement structure and urbanistic instrument.