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Research into youth subcultures grew out of US sociology in the 1930-1940, & became an important part of German sociology in the early 1960s. Its themes have included parent-child relations, peer groups as buffer zones, socialization, the function of subcultures in providing emotional security, political orientations, & pathology/criminology. Today it is more appropriate to use the term youth cultures due to several developments, including increased societal differentiation & individualization, the destructuring of cultural forms, mass media transmission of youth subcultures, cultural commercialization, the dehierarchization & diversification of cultural practices, the depoliticization of youth subcultures, & the decline of high culture. 51 References. Adapted from the source document.

Political theory in the field of comparative politics generally -- although not in comparative judicial behavior particularly -- has moved in the direction of examining consociational models of national cultural political structure & process, which necessarily involves inquiry into subcultures defined by language ethnicity as well as by social groups. Data are presented from interviews with judges & law clerks in Switzerland (N = 41) & judges only in South Africa (N = 40). The surveys were designed to permit cross-cultural analysis of the effects of language subcultures on social groups, & judicial structure & behavior in both a prototypically consociational polity (Switzerland) & a highly polarized polity (South Africa). 6 Figures. Modified HA.

This book is a collection of essays highlighting different disciplinary, topical, and practical approaches to the study of kink and popular culture. The volume is written by both academics and practitioners, bringing the essays a special perspective not seen in other volumes. Essays included examine everything from Nina Hartley fan letters to kink shibari witches to kink tourism in a South African prison. The focus is not just on kink as a sexual practice, but on kink as a subculture, as a way of living, and as a way of seeing popular culture in new and interesting ways. Amber R. Clifford-Napoleone is Professor of Anthropology and Director of the McClure Archives and University Museum at the University of Central Missouri, USA. She is the author of two monographs, Queerness in Heavy Metal (2015) and Queering the Inferno (2018). Her interests include identity development, music scenes and spaces, and popular culture.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Images -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Society -- City -- Pop -- Space -- Bibliography -- Part I: Society -- Chapter 2: "Vulgar Nincompoops" and "Sawdust Caesars": Generations, Adolescence, and the Historicity of Youth Culture in Post-war Debates -- The Birth of the Modern Teenager -- Teenage Culture in Urban and Rural Britain: Similarities and Differences -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: "First I Look at the Purse": Youth at Work -- "A Little Bit More Money in the Pocket": Teenagers as Consumers -- The Youth Employment Service and the Making of the Modern Urban Economy -- From School to Work: The Attitudes, Expectations, and Experiences of School-Leavers in Their First Years of Employment -- Bibliography -- Part II: City -- Chapter 4: Mods, Working-Class Youth, and London's Transformation into a Modern Post-war Metropolis -- Youth, City, and Modernity: Symbolic Relationships and Experiences of Urban Modernism in the 1960s -- City and People in Motion: Internal Migration to London and the Physical Mobility of Working-Class Youth -- Swinging London and the New City Image: Pattern, Locality, Networks -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Working-Class Youth and the Social Transformation of Post-war London -- "Black Skin Blue Eyed Boys": The Urban Origins of Multiracial Britain -- Teenagers in "Jack the Ripper Land": Working-Class Youth Culture and the End of the "Traditional" Working-Class Neighbourhood -- Bibliography -- Part III: Pop -- Chapter 6: Making Britain Great Again: Popular Culture and the British Invasion -- "The British Are Coming": British Pop Music at Home and Abroad -- All British in British Pop Music? -- The Notion of Modern Britishness in Popular Music -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7: Cultural Renewal and the Transnational Fashion Industry -- London and the Retail Revolution.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Livre no mundo/ Free in the world -- Contributors -- Introduction - Fragmented connectivity in lusophone diasporic spaces (Rosana Martins & -- Massimo Canevacci) -- Portugal -- 1 - Representation and the sense of belonging in São Paulo and Lisbon (Rosana Martins) -- 2 - Graffiti, visual culture and ethnicity: the black neighbourhood of Kova da Moura (Ricardo Campos) -- 3 - Spaces of representation: Identity, otherness and transformation in Portuguese hip-hop (Teresa Fradique) -- 4 - The sampling of Lisbon: Hip-hop and the lusophone imagination (Jorge de La Barre) -- Brazil -- 5 - B-boys (Rio de Janeiro) and rappers (Lisbon) in search of recognition: a brief comparison (Otávio Raposo) -- 6 - PiXação: In praise of the strength and 'useless' beauties of Brazilian youth (Gustavo Coelho) -- 7 - 'Manos e Minas': The TV show (Rosana Martins & -- Claudia Garrocini) -- 8 - Urban quilombo: Maranhão's hip-hop, the periphery and 'Africanness' (Ana Stela Cunha & -- Rosenverck Estrela Santos) -- 9 - 'Os anos de chumbo': Grupo Tupinãodá and the possibilities of street art for resistance (Holly Eva Ryan) -- Africa -- 10 - Chronotope identification in kriolu rap (Derek Pardue) -- 11 - Rap and the representation of public space in Praia City (Redy Wilson Lima) -- 12 - Who has the word?: MC Azagaia's intervention into past and politics in Mozambique (Anna Pöysä & -- Janne Rantala) -- 13 - Hip-hop in Angola Social intervention rap (Gilson Lázaro & -- Osvaldo Silva) -- 14 - From radios to stages Juvenile political participation and dissent through rap (Miguel de Barros) -- Conclusion - Performative metropolis Self-representation, expanded codex, digital culture, trans-urban subject (Massimo Canevacci) -- Index.

In this book, Spracklen and Spracklen use the idea of collective memory to explore the controversies and boundary-making surrounding the genesis and progression of the modern gothic alternative culture. They suggest that the only way for goth culture to survive is if it becomes transgressive and radical again

1. This study of surfing -- 2. Pleasure and discipline : a surfing history -- 3. Resistance and incorporation : contemporary surfing life -- 4. Risk, self and social configurations -- 5. Fear, desire and a postmodern sublime -- 6. Commodification, reflexivity and trust : the surfing culture industry -- 7. Aestheticization and sportization : towards synthesis -- 8. Conclusions.