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El presente trabajo busca conocer cómo un grupo de estudiantes universitarios caracteriza el sistema normativo en Argentina. Para tal fin, se analizaron las percepciones acerca de la transgresión normativa, la legitimidad del sistema y la vinculación de ambos aspectos. Los resultados muestran que los participantes desconfían del funcionamiento del sistema normativo, pues éste se maneja mediante prácticas corruptas, a través de instituciones ineficaces y con un sistema de dobles normas, piensan, a su vez, que el sistema está pensado para la conveniencia de los políticos y de los ciudadanos con poder. Básicamente, creen que el sistema es injusto e ilegítimo. Los estudiantes dan respuestas cínicas en relación a un posible cambio, piensan que la forma de conducirse en el sistema es mediante una moralidad individual, con un sistema propio de normas que contempla la transgresión y que, al mismo tiempo, procura no perjudicar a alguien en concreto. ; The present study investigates how a group of college students characterizes the normative system in Argentina. To this end, the perceptions of normative transgression, the legitimacy of the system and the entailment of both aspects were analyzed. The results show that participants distrust of the normative system´s running as it is handled by corrupt practices, ineffective institutions, and a system of double standards. They also express that the system is thought for the convenience of the politicians and citizens with power. Basically, participants do not perceive the system as just or legitimate. Also, the students give cynical responses in relation to a possible change, holding the belief on an individual morality to cope with the system with particular norms that contemplate the transgression, if no one in concrete is harmed. ; Fil: Beramendi, Maite Regina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina ; Fil: Zubieta, Elena Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Every leader in the world opts for national development. National development does not merely involve economic development, but also other aspects that may interact with it, such as education, culture, health and armed forces. This paper mainly focuses on the definition of economic development and how cooperation can contribute towards national development. An introductory idea to economic development can be obtained by examining the objectives of a Government's economic development plan. Generally, the First Malaysia Plan aims at increasing the income levels and consumption per head, especially those in the rural area, and to improve the general living standard as a whole. The economic expansion is different from economic development. The ideal economic development must include the elimination of poverty, unemployment as well as under-employment and inequality in the sharing of public services, such as health, education, water and electricity. The process of national economic development is well fit into the ideals of cooperation and with cooperative principles. How to increase the farmers' or peasants' income and the consumption power? The statistics show that private sectors in Malaysia still control in the economic markets, no matter in financing sectors, paddy milling sector or agricultural sector. The impact of cooperative movement is not as big compared to other countries. The lack of united voice by the whole cooperative movement and the lack of historical evolution could be the factors that lead to this consequence. The cooperatives must take initiatives to break into the present monopolist-monopsonist system. It must coordinate its efforts with those government agencies, to concentrate on one or two specifically designated area or sector with a few limited objectives. And finally, the harmony of action and positive mindset from the highest apex level to the lowest primary cooperative are very much needed to expand the cooperative movement nationwide.

Each of us think about our retirement, and ask ourselves the question: what is it? Will we feel loved, cared of, and not left in the hands of fate? At this point, health care and social services improvement is of great importance for the aforementioned aspects. One of the examples of improvement is the conducted international project Improving Access to Community-based Services for Older People Living at Home (IACS).The goal of the present paper is to analyze community's health care and social services facilities availability for older people. To accomplish aims and tasks that were set, corresponding theoretical analysis methods were selected: analysis of scientific literature, method of logical analysis, comparative method of theoretical analysis. To collect empirical data for Kaunas, qualitative study using semi-structured focus group interview method was performed. In order to raise study to an international level in a quasi-social experiment way and to compare community service experiences, qualitative data were obtained from other countries, i.e. Austria and Poland. The paper introduced the concept of social exclusion and the ways to reduce it the European Union and Lithuania contexts. Strong relationship between social exclusion, aging policy, health and social services available older people was also articulated.Social exclusion policy is formed by social policy models. In this sense, Lithuanian and Swedish social policy models were arbitrarily selected and examined. Health and social services systems that derive from social policy models were examined as well. This time, cases of countries that participate in IACS study were selected.This paper also presented the main IACS project approach: social experiment and its conditions in countries that participate in the project, and project strategies. Meanwhile, strategies chosen by Lithuania were examined in more detail using the comparative method of analysis.Further in the paper following concept definitions were introduced: original access to health care, social services and how older people are related to them. Health care access in Lithuania, quality of social services and methods to improve then were analyzed and assessed. Social services provision at home in Kaunas was discussed. Both the qualitative and the quantitative data were examined for IACS project strategies implementation assessment. This led to draw the relevant insights about the practical component of the project.

Each of us think about our retirement, and ask ourselves the question: what is it? Will we feel loved, cared of, and not left in the hands of fate? At this point, health care and social services improvement is of great importance for the aforementioned aspects. One of the examples of improvement is the conducted international project Improving Access to Community-based Services for Older People Living at Home (IACS).The goal of the present paper is to analyze community's health care and social services facilities availability for older people. To accomplish aims and tasks that were set, corresponding theoretical analysis methods were selected: analysis of scientific literature, method of logical analysis, comparative method of theoretical analysis. To collect empirical data for Kaunas, qualitative study using semi-structured focus group interview method was performed. In order to raise study to an international level in a quasi-social experiment way and to compare community service experiences, qualitative data were obtained from other countries, i.e. Austria and Poland. The paper introduced the concept of social exclusion and the ways to reduce it the European Union and Lithuania contexts. Strong relationship between social exclusion, aging policy, health and social services available older people was also articulated.Social exclusion policy is formed by social policy models. In this sense, Lithuanian and Swedish social policy models were arbitrarily selected and examined. Health and social services systems that derive from social policy models were examined as well. This time, cases of countries that participate in IACS study were selected.This paper also presented the main IACS project approach: social experiment and its conditions in countries that participate in the project, and project strategies. Meanwhile, strategies chosen by Lithuania were examined in more detail using the comparative method of analysis.Further in the paper following concept definitions were introduced: original access to health care, social services and how older people are related to them. Health care access in Lithuania, quality of social services and methods to improve then were analyzed and assessed. Social services provision at home in Kaunas was discussed. Both the qualitative and the quantitative data were examined for IACS project strategies implementation assessment. This led to draw the relevant insights about the practical component of the project.

Each of us think about our retirement, and ask ourselves the question: what is it? Will we feel loved, cared of, and not left in the hands of fate? At this point, health care and social services improvement is of great importance for the aforementioned aspects. One of the examples of improvement is the conducted international project Improving Access to Community-based Services for Older People Living at Home (IACS).The goal of the present paper is to analyze community's health care and social services facilities availability for older people. To accomplish aims and tasks that were set, corresponding theoretical analysis methods were selected: analysis of scientific literature, method of logical analysis, comparative method of theoretical analysis. To collect empirical data for Kaunas, qualitative study using semi-structured focus group interview method was performed. In order to raise study to an international level in a quasi-social experiment way and to compare community service experiences, qualitative data were obtained from other countries, i.e. Austria and Poland. The paper introduced the concept of social exclusion and the ways to reduce it the European Union and Lithuania contexts. Strong relationship between social exclusion, aging policy, health and social services available older people was also articulated.Social exclusion policy is formed by social policy models. In this sense, Lithuanian and Swedish social policy models were arbitrarily selected and examined. Health and social services systems that derive from social policy models were examined as well. This time, cases of countries that participate in IACS study were selected.This paper also presented the main IACS project approach: social experiment and its conditions in countries that participate in the project, and project strategies. Meanwhile, strategies chosen by Lithuania were examined in more detail using the comparative method of analysis.Further in the paper following concept definitions were introduced: original access to health care, social services and how older people are related to them. Health care access in Lithuania, quality of social services and methods to improve then were analyzed and assessed. Social services provision at home in Kaunas was discussed. Both the qualitative and the quantitative data were examined for IACS project strategies implementation assessment. This led to draw the relevant insights about the practical component of the project.

Objective.To highlight the significant impact of social relationships on health and illness and suggest implications of these effects for health promotion efforts among older adults.Data Sources.Published studies on social relationships and health (or health behaviors) for the period 1970–1998 were identified through MEDLINE by using the key words social relationships, social support, and health, as well as review of health-related journals such as the American Journal of Epidemiology, Annals of Epidemiology, American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Social Science and Medicine, and the Journals of Gerontology.Study Selection.Major published original research was considered. Where published research was too extensive for full discussion of all studies, preference was given to studies focusing on older adults and those using stronger methodology (i.e., representative samples, longitudinal data, or multivariate analyses controlling for potential confounders).Data Extraction.Reported findings were organized in terms of three major categories: (1) results related to major health outcomes such as mortality, CHD, and depression; (2) findings related to health behaviors; and (3) findings related to potential biological pathways for observed health effects of social relationships.Data Synthesis.Protective effects of social integration with respect to mortality risk among older adults are the most thoroughly documented, although protective effects have also been documented with respect to risks for mental and physical health outcomes and for better recovery after disease onset. There is also now a growing awareness of the potential for negative health effects from social relationships that are characterized by more negative patterns of critical and/or demanding interactions, including increased risks for depression and angina. Biological pathways are suggested by evidence that more negative social interactions are associated with physiological profiles characterized by elevated stress hormones, increased cardiovascular activity, and depressed immune function, whereas more positive, supportive social interactions are associated with the opposite profile.Conclusions.Available data clearly indicate that social relationships have the potential for both health promoting and health damaging effects in older adults, and that there are biologically plausible pathways for these effects. Such evidence suggests that aspects of the social environment could play an important role in future health promotion efforts for older adults, although careful consideration of both potentially positive as well as negative social influences is needed.

"This volume examines the effects of Donald Trump's presidency on journalistic practices, rhetoric, and discourses. Rooted in critical theory and cultural studies, it asks what life may be like without Trump, not only for journalism but also for American society more broadly. The book places perspectives and tensions around the Trump presidency in one spot, focusing on the underlying ideological forces in tensions around media trust, Trumpism, and the role of journalism in it all. It explores how journalists dealt with racist rhetoric from the White House, relationships between the Office of the President and social media companies, citizens, and journalists themselves, while questioning whether journalism has learned the right lessons for the future. More importantly, chapters on liberal media "bias," the First 100 Days of the Biden Presidency, gender, and race, and how journalists should adopt measures to "reduce harm" hint as to where politics and journalism may go next. Reshaping the scholarly and public discourse about where we are headed in terms of the presidency and publics, social media, and journalism, this book will be an important resource for scholars and graduate students of journalism, media studies, communication studies, political science, race and ethnic studies and sociology"--

Comparative studies can reveal much about how law is formed out of social reality and political power by exploring these interactions in different national contexts. In this work Mauricio García-Villegas compares ideas about law and society in France and the United States, demonstrating different approaches to socio-political legal studies. Using the interdisciplinary tools of the sociology of law, critical legal theory, and socio-legal studies, García-Villegas builds up an insightful overview of what constitutes law and society theory and practice in France and the United States. He brings together diverse perspectives and practices that generally do not communicate well with one another, as is often the case between the critical theory of law of jurists and the legal sociology of sociologists. This study will allow readers to understand the sociology of law in a comparative perspective and sets out a new research agenda for the field of socio-political legal studies.

The conmeration of the 200 years of the Independence of Chile was in September 2010. This year was also the political change from the Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia to the right political wing chilean political parties. During the last 20 years the Goverment of Chile was in the hands of the center left coalition, after the dictatorship period of Gral Augusto Pinochet end in 1990. During two decades the state aplied social policies in order two develop the indigenous comunities, specially the mapuche comunities of the south of Chile. During 2010 the research proyect named "Conmemoraciones y memorias subalternas" tried to understand the current situation of the comunities, the conflict and others aspects of the indigenous situation. This paper is part of those research. ; El Bicentenario de la República de Chile se conmemoró en el mes de septiembre del año 2010. Además de marcar un importante hito histórico, coincidió con un cambio político en el Gobierno del país, el que pasó de la Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia a la Alianza de partidos formada por la derecha chilena. Se cumplieron por tanto 20 años desde que en el año 1990 cambiara el Gobierno militar presidido por el general Pinochet. Ese largo tiempo, dos décadas, coincide con un período de políticas que el Estado ha implementado hacia los Pueblos Indígenas. El Proyecto "Conmemoraciones y Memorias Subalternas" ha realizado durante el año 2010 un conjunto de investigaciones de terreno y documentales tendientes a comprender del modo más objetivo y científico lo ocurrido en el período y por tanto la situación actual de las sociedades mapuches en sus complejas relaciones con la chilena. ; O Bicentenario da República do Chile comemorou-se no mês de Setembro do ano 2010. Junto com transformar-se num marco histórico, coincidiu com uma mudança política no Governo do país, que passou da Concertação de Partidos pela Democracia (centro-esquerda) à Aliança de partidos formada pela direita chilena. Cumpriram-se por tanto 20 anos desde que em 1990 mudasse o Governo militar presidido pelo general Pinochet. Esse longo tempo, duas décadas, coincide com um período de políticas que o Estado implementou para com os Povos Indígenas. O Projeto "Comemorações e Memórias Subalternas" realizou durante o ano 2010 um conjunto de pesquisas de campo e documentais tendentes a compreender do modo mais objetivo e científico o ocorrido no período e, por tanto, a situação atual das sociedades mapuches em suas complexas relações com a chilena. ; Para acceder al Artículo utilice el link: http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/CAS/article/view/1377

"MisReading America presents original research on and conversation about reading formations in American communities of color, using the phenomenon of the reading of scriptures--''scripturalizing''--as analytical wedge. Scriptures here are understood and as shorthand for complex social phenomena, practices, and dynamics. The authors take up scripturalizing as a window onto the self-understandings, politics, practices, and orientations of marginalized communities. These communities have in common the context that is the United States, with the challenges it holds for all regarding: pressure to conform to conventional-canonical forms of communication, representation, and embodiment (mimicry); opportunities to speak back to and confront and overturn conventionality (interruptions); and the need to experience ongoing meaningful and complex relationships (reorientation) to the centering politics, practices, and myths that define ''America.''"--

475 páginas. Doctorado en Sociología ; Esta investigación tiene como objetivos: Analizar la política de bioseguridad en México para el control transfronterizo de los granos genéticamente modificados (GM) y, determinar, si existe congruencia o no, de las acciones y mecanismos de protección y, control; de si éstos previenen, evitan o minimizan los riesgos adversos a la sociedad mexicana, su economía y el medio ambiente. Asimismo, examinar las percepciones y sentidos que los actores sociales involucrados del Estado asumen durante la construcción e implementación de la política de bioseguridad para el control del movimiento transfronterizo de los granos GM. De igual forma, estudiar la función que guarda el Sistema Aduanero de México (SAM) en el marco de la bioseguridad en un contexto de globalización de la economía mundial, dibujando el panorama de infraestructura, creación de capacidades (recursos humanos, capacitación) e inversión para el control del movimiento transfronterizo de los granos GM.

Discusses movement and control in the international monetary system, including currency boards, monetary unions, the euro, international financial architecture and standards, risk reduction, and globalization; some focus on emerging market and transition economies in Asia and Europe, and developing countries; 15 articles.

Supplier markets, arms control, financing, intelligence, multinational arms production, changes in weapons arsenals, military conversion, military technology, illegal trade, and other issues; 14 articles. Some focus on US arms sales and Middle Eastern recipients.