Search results

[ES] The recent European Union support for the Mediterranean Rail Corridor (CMF) in the field of freight transport offers an opportunity for the 'Mediterranean arc', and specifically for the province of Valencia, by encouraging the development of economic activities that can benefit from the improvement of this infrastructure. Circumstances that encourage us to recognise, and as addressed by this work, the current situation of the physical heritage on which these activities are active and to consider possible future strategies. The aim of the work is to extract spatial planning criteria and action lines to establish a broad network of relationships capable of fairly distributing the opportunities offered by the CMF and the associated logistical infrastructure. Otherwise, the problems associated with the territorial dispersion of a multitude of municipal areas with limited options to serve future demands will continue. Through the use of tools based on Geographical Information Systems, this work carries out a territorial analysis aimed at identifying the location of the most suitable economically active soils to take advantage of the opportunities arising from the implementation of this important infrastructure. The methodology used, although focused on the province of Valencia, is perfectly transposable to other territorial areas. The general conclusions emphasise regional and supra-municipal planning as a means of boosting economic development, the importance of consolidating the development of the logistics sector in an area characterised by export, the necessary management and coordination of areas of economic activity and policies supporting proposals for sustainable action, accompanied by a clear and comprehensive legislative framework. Martínez Pérez, FJ.; Blasco Sánchez, MDC.; Cano Hurtado, JJ.; ANNA ESCOMS MARTÍNEZ (2016). The Mediterranean Rail Corridor as an opportunity. Analysis and prospects of land intended for economic activities in the province of Valencia. Dyna Engineering and Industry. 91 (6): ...

AbstractTo a large extent, the theories and concepts behind the effect of ecological footprint have been the paramount concern of the recent literature. Since the rising and falling of environmental degradation have been a continuous issue since the first phase of development, determinants such as economic complexity may play a critical role in achieving long-term sustainable development in the framework of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) paradigm. Therefore, this research expands on the notion of an EKC paradigm for the world's top ten most complex economies by considering four variables, such as real GDP per capita, electricity consumption, trade openness, and a new putative factor of environmental obstacle, the economic complexity index (ECI). This is one of the first studies to look at the impact of ECI on the ecological footprint of a specific sample from 1998 to 2017. The findings demonstrate a continuous inverted U-shaped link between real GDP per capita, the square of real GDP per capita, and ecological footprint. The EKC hypothesis is found to be valid in the long term in the examined complex economies. The findings of the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) of the pooled mean group (PMG) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimations demonstrate that in the long term, electric power usage contributed to the carbon footprints. Furthermore, the economic complexity index and trade openness increase environmental performance over time. To determine if there is causation between the variables, we employ the panel vector error correction model (VECM) framework. Particularly, the results show unidirectional causality running from electric power consumption to ecological footprint and bidirectional causal relationship between (1) economic growth and ecological footprint; (2) square of economic growth and ecological footprint; (3) economic complexity index and ecological footprint; and (4) trade openness and ecological footprint.

AbstractGiovanni Arrighi made a remarkably broad-ranging and original contribution to comparative political economy and historical sociology over five decades. His last book shares these qualities. But Adam Smith in Beijing is unfortunately not mainly about the origins and dynamics of Chinese capitalism over the past three decades. It presents Adam Smith not as the apostle of free-market capitalism, but rather of a 'non-capitalist market society'; and it uses this to make the case that since China's economic development takes place outside the European/North American capitalist 'core', it must, almost by definition, not be capitalist. Markets are conceived here as the instruments of states, yet the theory of the state advanced is severely undeveloped. Arrighi's argument that China's economic development is part and parcel of the demise of the US project for establishing itself as the 'world state' misinterprets the nature of the US empire as well as misses the extent of China's integration with US-led capitalist globalisation.

The article deals with methodological ground of cluster concept and international experience of clustering processes. In particular, the experience of EU countries shows that clusterization is one of prerequisites of boosting competitiveness of national economy. All public initiatives in international cluster policy are directed at the support of powerful and creative companies, ensuring favorable environment which enables weak companies to boost their competitiveness. Besides, the implementation of cluster initiatives is only possible under condition of active public cluster policy and ensuring favorable macroeconomic, information and legal environment. The authors examine domestic status of cluster development and problems hindering their development on national and regional level. It is proved that the development of clusters is one of priorities of regional economic policy and is declared as one of the most important directions in development strategies of many regions and the current situation of initializing clusters creation by small producers is not perspective. The authors propose the main guidelines of public policy as of development and successful functioning of clusters and their impact on structural modernization of economy. ; В статье представлены теоретико-методологическое обоснование понятия кластер а также мировой опыт развития кластерного движения, в частности, опыт стран ЕС свидетельствует, что кластеризация является одним из условий повышения конкурентоспособности экономики государства. Все государственные инициативы в мировой кластерной политике направлены в первую очередь на поддержку мощных и креативных компаний, созданию благоприятной среды, в котором слабые предприятия имели бы возможность повышать свою конкурентоспособность. Кроме того, реализация кластерных инициатив возможна лишь при условии активизации государственной политики в сфере кластеризации и создания благоприятной макроэкономической, информационного и правовой среды. Рассмотрено состояние развития отечественных кластеров и проблемы, сдерживающие их развитие на государственном и региональном уровнях. Доказывается, что развитие кластеров является одним из приоритетов региональной экономической политики и признан одним из важнейших направлений в стратегиях развития многих регионов, а нынешняя ситуация, когда инициаторами создания кластеров выступают мелкие товаропроизводители, не является перспективной. Предложенны основные направления государственной политики по развитию и успешного функционирования кластеров а также их влияние на структурную модернизацию экономики. ; У статті представлено теоретико-методологічне обґрунтування поняття кластер а також світовий досвід розвитку кластерного руху, зокрема, досвід країн ЄС свідчить, що кластеризація є однією з умов підвищення конкурентоспроможності економіки держави. Всі державні ініціативи в світовій кластерній політиці спрямовані в першу чергу на підтримку потужних і креативних компаній, створенню сприятливого середовища, в якому слабкі підприємства мали б можливість підвищувати свою конкурентоспроможність. Крім того, реалізація кластерних ініціатив можлива лише за умови активізації державної політики у сфері кластеризації та створення сприятливого макроекономічного, інформаційного та правового середовища. Розглянуто вітчизняний стан розвитку кластерів та проблеми, що стримують їх розвиток на державному та регіональному рівнях. Доводиться, що розвиток кластерів є одним з пріоритетів регіональної економічної політики визнано одним із найважливіших напрямів у стратегіях розвитку багатьох регіонів, а нинішня ситуація, коли ініціаторами створення кластерів виступають дрібні товаровиробники, не є перспективною. Запропоновані основні напрями державної політики щодо розвитку та успішного функціонування кластерів та їх вплив на структурний модернізацію економіки.

ABSTRACTThis study examines traditional fisheries‐related resource management through a case in which local communities, from a basis of customary, 'common property' control over the sea and its resources, handle a multitude of development issues. Presenting first some important issues relating to people's role in fisheries management and to the 'common property' debate, the article then describes a traditional system for management of land and sea resources in a Pacific Islands society; that of Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands. Emphasis is given to fisheries resources, with a view to explaining in practical terms how a system of customary marine tenure operates under the wider social, political, economic and ecological circumstances of change arising from development pressures. Against this background, assessments are made of the viability of this traditional fisheries management system under present conditions of state control and of both external and internal pressures for large‐scale resource development enterprises.

This paper presents some of the principle features of the newly-developed Islamic banking system. Focusing on the money multiplier it examines the different effects of the reserve requirements tool on money supply in an economy where Islamic banks exist side-by-side with Western banks. By way of introduction some main charateristics of the balance sheet of an Islamic bank (demand or transactions deposits; investment or "mudaraba" deposits; the assets side) are explained. (DÜI-Hns)

Facing a rise in great power competition, states are increasingly paying attention to economic statecraft; that is, using economic means to pursue national security and foreign policy goals. Factors such as asymmetric interdependence in the global economy and information networks, the rapid development of dual-use technologies, and the shift of US foreign policy doctrines from liberalism to geopolitics have contributed to the rise of economic statecraft. Regarding China as an opponent in high-tech and geopolitical competition, the US is on the one hand continuously strengthening coercive economic statecraft against China, especially through technological "decoupling." On the other hand, the US is seeking to unite the so-called like-minded countries to build technological and supply chain coalitions that exclude China. As an ally of the US, Japan is imitating and following the US, while also emphasizing the protection and development of its own "strategically indispensable" industries, striving to maintain a balance between preventing technology leakage and maintaining exports to China. While coercive economic statecraft weakens and contains opponents, it will also harm the US itself as well as its allies. In the future, the US and Japan will further strengthen economic statecraft targeting China, but implementation is likely to be rational and balanced, in an effort to secure "competitive coexistence" with China.

Tourism has been gaining increasing importance in the global economy, in general, and, more specifically, in Europe, Portugal, and smaller areas such as Portugal's Norte region. The north of Portugal has a rich cultural, historical and architectural landscape heritage, including some pearls that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation has classified over the years as World Heritage Sites. With its wide-ranging impact on economic growth, employment and social development, tourism can be a powerful tool with which to shape the Portuguese economy, contributing to the country's competitiveness, richness and cohesion. Therefore, the government and tourism stakeholders have recently made a stronger commitment to developing this sector. The goal of this study was to analyse tourism policies' contributions to the development of the tourism sector in the northernmost region of Portugal, included in the National Strategic Plan for Tourism (PENT) and in the Regional North Tourism Agenda (ART). This study sought to achieve these objectives by focusing on two main aspects. First, it examined the characteristics of the sector, identifying the tourism products in the Norte region. Second, this research analysed the overall picture of the sector's development between 2004 and 2014. For that, we made a descriptive analysis of the main tourism indicators based on data collected from several sources, namely the Instituto Nacional de Estatística (National Statistics Institute) (INE), PENT, the Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte (Northern Portugal Regional Coordination and Development Commission), Turismo de Portugal (Tourism of Portugal) and Turismo do Porto e Norte de Portugal (Tourism of Oporto and Northern Portugal). The results reveal that investment in tourism in the Norte region has included offering eight primary tourism products and differentiators in four tourism subregions (i.e. Oporto Metropolitan Area, Alto Minho, Douro and Terras de Trás-os-Montes). Comparing the forecast values in terms of overnight stays, tourists and revenue set by PENT, the reality showed that the results were a little bit far from the expected; however, the findings confirm the common perception that Portugal's Norte region is still experiencing a trend towards growth as a tourist destination. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Government policy and a major aim of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) are to promote rural non-farm production and employment in Thailand. This study reports on the findings of a research work done on these issues in the provinces Kamphaeng Phet and Sukhothai. Characteristics of the non-farm activities. Role played by development programmes for the rural poor carried out by both the government and the private sector in the promotion of non-farm activities. (DÜI-Sen)

Language has remained the basic tool for human communication and social interaction expressed through various forms such as music (songs) and drum language. Ethnicity, defined as group identity based on linguistic differential, is a logical product of language, hence the claim that language is the basis for ethnicity. With the multiplicity of languages in Africa, most of which are unintelligible to speakers of other languages, there is the tendency to "distance" and exclude others and regard them as people who do not "belong". To capture this heterogeneity, we build on the theory of "ethnic distance". The theory is based on the assumption that for as long as Africa remains ethnically heterogeneous, a poorly managed situation such as bad governance is likely to marginalize others thus resulting in chaos. The purpose of this paper, which is based on a random sampling of conflict zones in Africa, is to examine how language and ethnicity have influenced social, political and economic activities in Africa and how they have affected the overall development of the continent. It also seeks to take the position that African countries, over fifty years after independence, should rather look within the continent and accept the fact, albeit painful, that Africans can largely be held accountable for the economic deprivation and retardation of the continent.